Topic 1

Question 1

what is the purpose of tractors

Answer 1

construction machinery, has the ability to push or pull loads, used as mounts for many types of accessories

Question 2

what is the purpose of bulldozer

Answer 2

machine used to dig and push earth and rocks

Question 3

what is the purpose of wheel loader

Answer 3

to scoop up and load earth into tipper truck

Question 4

purpose of tipper truck

Answer 4

to transport earth and rocks between excavation and fill sites and also for delivery of construction materials

Question 5

purpose of smooth wheel roller

Answer 5

compaction of well-graded sands and gravels and silts and clays of low plasticity and also for compaction of asphalt concrete wearing course

Question 6

purpose of backhoe

Answer 6

generally a shovel loader or dozer with an excavating bucket fixed at the rear

Question 7

purpose of excavator

Answer 7

used for digging of trenches and holes or demolition of buildings and an excavator is also used frequently in heavy lifting, concreting and placement of pipes

Question 8

purpose of rammer

Answer 8

compaction of soil/premix in confined spaces

Question 9

purpose of scraper

Answer 9

a plant used to cut, load, transport and spread earth for major earthworks projects

Question 10

purpose of motor grader

Answer 10

used in excavation and precision finishing in the final shaping of surfaces where pavement will be laid and also used for excavation of ditches and slopes

Question 11

what are the methods of depreciation

Answer 11

straight-line, declining-balance and sum-of-the-year

Question 12

describe straight-line method of depreciation

Answer 12

amount of deduction for depreciation is the same for
each year of the life of the asset, Dn = (o.g. cost - salvage value)/N

Question 13

describe double-declining balance method of depreciation

Answer 13

offers accelerated depreciation used to write off
depreciation cost more quickly and minimize tax
exposure, D = 2/N x Book value at beginning of year

Question 14

describe sum-of-the-years method of depreciation

Answer 14

offers depreciation rate that accelerates more than
straight line method but less than double declining
balance method, D = (year digit/sum-of-years digits) x total depreciation

Question 15

list the financial cost parameters

Answer 15

capital, operating, replacement, repair and maintenance, obsolescence, downtime, investment, opportunity

Question 16

what does repair and maintenance costs vary with

Answer 16

type of machinery, type of service, type of care, conditions of use

Question 17

what does investment costs include

Answer 17

interest on money invested, tax, insurance and storage costs

Question 18

what does operating costs include

Answer 18

fuel, lubricants, filters, grease and operator’s wages

Question 19

describe replacement costs

Answer 19

salvage value of machine and the replacement cost of an equal machine

Question 20

describe downtime costs

Answer 20

machine undergoing repair, and idling time

Question 21

describe obsolescence costs

Answer 21

loss in value of equipment when a new equipment which can reduce production cost is available

Question 22

what is capital outlay

Answer 22

initial costs

Question 23

what is opportunity costs

Answer 23

money lost when compared to other investment

Question 24

financial considerations

Answer 24

renting or purchasing not needed, machine at disposal of subcontractor