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Teeside University - Engineering Science > TOPIC 1 > Flashcards

TOPIC 1 Flashcards

Metric Units and the SI System

1
Q

What is the Si Unit for length?

A

Metre (m)

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2
Q

What is the Si Unit for Mass?

A

Kilogram (Kg)

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3
Q

What is the SI Unit for Current?

A

Ampere (A)

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4
Q

What is the SI Unit for Temperature?

A

Kelvin (k)

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5
Q

What is the SI unit for Luminous Intensity?

A

Candela (Cd)

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6
Q

What is the SI unit for the amount of substance?

A

Mole (mol)

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7
Q

Convert 0059Kg to Grams

A

0059.0 x 1000 = 59g

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8
Q

10mm is equal to how many cms?

A

1cm

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8
Q

What is 1dm3

A

1 Cubic Decilitre - 1L

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9
Q

100mm2 is equal to how many centimetres squared

A

Answer = 1cm2

10mm = 1cm
1000mm = 1cm3

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10
Q

Convert 2370cm2 to m2

A

100cm = 1m so 100cm2

10000cm2 = 1m2

Therefore we must divide 2370cm by 10000 to express the quantity in square metres

2370cm2 = 2370/10000 m2

0.2370m2

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11
Q

Convert mg to Kg

A

x10 to the negative 6

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12
Q

List 5 most important points when taking good quality measurements

A

1 - Plan in advance
2 - Check the system is running normally
3 - Calibrate instrumentation
4 - Check the instruments are operating normally
5 - Prepare data sheet
6 - Record raw data directly
7 - Note start and end conditions of system and instruments

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13
Q

How to avoid systematic bias of a data sample of the entire population

A

The data is taken at random all population has an equal chance of being chosen

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14
Q

What is qualitative data?

A

Qualitative cannot be arranged in order of magnitude and can include properties such as colour and shapes or types of fault.

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15
Q

What are quantitive data types?

A

Are usually integer data Ie. yes or no counted

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16
Q

What is discrete data?

What are some examples?

A

Separate values with no intermediate values or continuous variable.

Pass/Fail
Go/no go gauge
Accept reject

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17
Q

What is Continuous data?

What are some examples?

A

Is usually measured on a continious scale such as temperature.

Length of wire

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18
Q

What is random variation?

A

Random variation is a natural variation that is caused by many minor factors in a process

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19
Q

What is assignable variation?

A

Assignable variation is a variation that can be traced back to a specific cause such as tool failure or different operators.

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20
Q

What is statistical process control?

A

Statistical process control removes any assignable variation before running tests. For accuracy of results

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21
Q

What are the benefits of a pie chart?

A

It gives a good clear picture of the data

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22
Q

What are the disadvantages of a pie chart?

A

If there are more than 5 pieces of information it may not be clear at a glance.

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23
Q

What is the formula to work out pie chart distribution?

A

360 x n / total n

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24
Q

How do you calculate the range of data?

A

Difference between the maximum and minimum data set in order of magnitude.

Range = Maximum - Minimum

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25
Q

How many class intervals should there typically be?

A

Between 8 and 15

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26
Q

What does ‘n’ denote?

A

n is the number of class intervals

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27
Q

What does ‘k’ denote?

A

k denotes the class width or number of intervals.

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28
Q

How do you work out the class width?

A

k = r / (n - 1)

r = range
n = number of class intervals

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29
Q

What will the result be of having too many class intervals?

A

Too many class intervals will spread data too far for trends and patterns to emerge

30
Q

What will the result be if there are too little class intervals?

A

Too little class intervals will compress the data into a shapeless block.

31
Q

What is cumulative frequency?

A

Cumulative frequency is the sum of all current and lower frequencies

32
Q

What are the benefits of a cumulative frequency curve?

A

A cumulative frequency curve will help you find the median, quartiles and percentiles of a data set.

33
Q

What is relative frequency?

A

Relative frequency takes a set point from the entire data sample it is a percentage or proportion of each class.

34
Q

How do you work out the relative frequency?

A

Relative frequency = Frequency of event occuring / Total number of trials of the experiment.

35
Q

Describe skewed to the left data distribution

A

Skewed to the left is when the mean is less than the median. Which is often less than the mode.

36
Q

Describe skewed to the right data distribution.

A

Skewed to the right is when the mode is often less than the median which is less than the mean.

37
Q

What is symmetrical distribution

A

Symetrical distribution is when variables appear at the same frequencies often meaning the mean mode and median occur at the same point.

38
Q

What is the mode?

A

Mode is the event which occurs most often. If all values have the same frequency then the mode cannot be determined.

39
Q

Describe Bimodal distribution

A

Bimodal distribution is when 2 distinct centres of data

40
Q

What is a common cause of Bimodal frequencies

A

A common cause of this is mixing two data sets.

41
Q

What is the median?

A

The median is the middle value of data when organised in order of magnitude.

42
Q

If there is an even number of values then how do we calculate the median?

A

The median is calculate as the average of the two

43
Q

What is the mean?

A

The mean is the arithmetic average of all the values in the sum

44
Q

What is x bar

A

Is the mean

45
Q

What is the following symbol?
x̄

A

The mean or x bar

46
Q

When data becomes more skewed what should be used instead of mean

A

The median are more useful when the data becomes more skewed. Medians are unaffected when data is bimodal.

47
Q

What figure is required when aiming to interpolate?

A

The median

48
Q

The median separates data into what?

A

2 quantiles

49
Q

When data is separated into 4 parts what is this called?

50
Q

When data is separated into ten equal parts what is this called?

51
Q

When data is separated into 100 equal parts what is this called?

A

Percentiles

52
Q

What is the interquartile range?

A

Is the difference in the range of two quartiles

53
Q

Advantages of the mean

A

Easily understood
Uses all values
In common use

54
Q

Disadvantages of mean

A

Affected by extreme values
Need to know all values
May not represent central tendency

55
Q

Advantages of Mode

A

Not affected by extreme values
Easy to calculate

56
Q

Disadvantages of mode

A

May be in local peak away from main data
Does not use all of the individual values in data
May be more than one mode

57
Q

Advantages of median

A

Easy to obtain

Not affected by extreme values

Only needs half the data to be calculated

58
Q

Disadvantages of median

A

Does not use all the individual values in data

Can be misleading

Difficult to involve equations

59
Q

What is population

A

population is used to describe the full or complete distribution denoted as uppercase ‘N’

60
Q

What is sample denoted as

A

sample is lower case ‘n’

61
Q

What is variance?

A

Variance is the measure of actual spread of variation in data

62
Q

What is population variance denoted as

63
Q

What is bressels correction

A

Bressels correction is used for a correction factor of n/n-1 allows for the sample average to be used instead of population mean.

64
Q

What is xi in standard deviation

A

xi is the the value of a variable

65
Q

What is this symbol? μ

A

μ is the population average

66
Q

What is this symbol? x̄

A

x̄ is the sample average

67
Q

What happens when you have a negative squared?

A

It becomes positive

68
Q

What are the 3 steps of standard deviation?

A

Step 1 - find the mean

Step 2 - Find the sum of all data points
subtracting the data point from mean then squaring result (this is also the variance)

Step 3 - Find the square of of step 2 divided by number of data points ‘n’

69
Q

What is the excel formula for standard deviation?

70
Q

What is the excel forumal for variance?

A

For population - var.p

71
Q

What is a low standard deviation?

A

Indicates that data points are close to the mean

72
Q

What is a high standard deviation?

A

Indicates that data points are spread out over a wider range

Teeside University - Engineering Science (1 decks)

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