Topic 1 Flashcards
Classification
What is the Kingdom Taxonomic Hierarchy
Kingdom, Phylum, class, order, family, genus, species (King Philip came over for good soup)
What is the 5-kingdom classification system?
Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia (COME UP WITH AN ACRONYM)
The more similar the genetic sequences, the…
more closely relatd the species
The more different the sequences, the…
longer ago they shared a common ancestor
What is the 3-Domain Classification System
Bacteria, Archae, Eukarya
What are key characteristics of the domain bacteria?
Prokaryote (before nucleus), Unicellular, Cell walls of peptidoglycan, small (1-5um)
What are key characteristics of the domain archea?
Prokaryotic, unicellular, cell walls of pseudopeptidoglycan, small (1-5um)
What are key characteristics of the domain Eukarya?
Eukaryotic (true nucleaus), uni- and multi-cellular, some have cell walls, large (10-100um)
What are the major differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
Prok - one circular DNA genome, Euk - multiple linear DNA genome, Euk - have membrane bound organelles
What are the major similarities between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
Both have DNA, ribosomes, cell membranes, cytosol
Why do large cells have a small SA:V ratio?
Everytime a cell doubles in size, the SA increases 4x and V increases 8x because volume is cubic
Why are prokaryotic cells small?
large cells have small SA:V. Diffusion - rates of diffusion and ATP synthesis will be the same
How can Eukaryotes be large?
Endomembrane systems store and transport nutrients where they are needed, mitochondria can make ATP where needed
What is horizontal gene transfer
when a gene from one species becomes part of another species
What is an example of horizontal gene transfer?
chloroplats and mitochondria
