Topic 1

Question 1

Trend down group 7

Answer 1

-7 electrons on outer shell
-electronic configuration determine reactivity

Question 2

Arrows in orbitals

Answer 2

Have the same spin
(ignore rotate in same direction)

Question 3

Reactivity of barium and strontium

Answer 3

-sum of ionisation energy for barium is lower so barium is more reactivity
-barium is bigger
-barium has more shielding and bigger distance
-bigger nuclear charge
-shielding outweighs nuclear charge so barium is more reactive

Question 4

Deductions made from ionisation energy graph

Answer 4

-jump between -and - electron removed
-group number
-configuration (in terms of shells, ex 2,8,1)

Question 5

How many electrons are there in 3rd subshell

Answer 5

18

Question 6

Mass spectra

Answer 6

-compare no. of each isotope detected
-through mass spectrometer
-magnetic field (NOT electric)

Question 7

Why should mass spectrometry be in a vacuum

Answer 7

to prevent collisions with air molecules

Question 8

Polarisation

Answer 8

-molecule distorted and not spherical
-higher charge and smaller radius
-orbitals overlap and electrons move towards
-not fully separate though

Question 9

Why is potassium ion smaller than potassium atom

Answer 9

-one less shell
-electrons held more tightly as same number of protons attract less electrons

Question 10

Define orbital

Answer 10

A region where electrons are highly likely to be found

Question 11

Difference in ionisation energy in calcium

Answer 11

2-3-third electron lost is from a subshell closer to the nucleus so more attraction
1-2-small change as they are from the same subshell

Question 12

Periodicity

Answer 12

-repeating trend
-atomic radius decrease across period
-repeated in group 3,4,5…

Question 13

Scandium and zinc