topic 1

Question 1

philosophy originates from?

Answer 1

two greek words- philo(love) and sophia(wisdom). The literal definition is the love of wisdom.

Question 2

Wisdom is..(differences)

Answer 2

virtue by which a person judges in light of the 1st or highest or the ultimate causes

Question 3

science(latin scire) is…(differences)

Answer 3

fundamentally a knowledge of things through their proper cause. For a person to possess science he must know the reason for the fact

Question 4

what is empirical science?(differences)

Answer 4

is a search for proximate/ secondary causes(direct cause)

Question 5

what is philosophy the search for(differences)

Answer 5

philosophy is the search for the ultimate constitution of matter

Question 6

what is studied in science?(differences)

Answer 6

science investigates modes of being in the physical universe: living being

Question 7

what is studied in philosophy?(differences)

Answer 7

philosophy studies matter and energy and their interactions

Question 8

at what level does science start?(differences)

Answer 8

begins on the level of ordinary experience and descends through empirical investigation.

Question 9

at what level does philosophy start?(differences)

Answer 9

begins on the level of ordinary experience and ascends upwards through human reason

Question 10

what does science serve?(differences)

Answer 10

sense data

Question 11

what does philosophy serve?(differences)

Answer 11

reason since first causes can not be investigated via senses

Question 12

Philosophy the definition

Answer 12

It is the knowledge of all things through their ultimate causes acquired through logical reasoning.

Question 13

subject matter? scope? material object

Answer 13

all reality

Question 14

angle/ perspective /lenses/ formal object

Answer 14

ultimate causes/ deep truths regarding the existence and nature of things

Question 15

method

Answer 15

logical reasoning- to facts supplied by experience and scientific knowledge (argumentation)

Question 16

argumentation is?

Answer 16

action or process of reasoning systematically in support of an idea , theory or action. to argue is to present a set of reasons in support of a conclusion

Question 17

why philosophy?

Answer 17

1 theoretical reason- the pursuit of knowledge for its own sake and not for any utilitarian end to satisfy the demands of the intellect.
2 practical reasons- knowledge to act with moral uprightness and technical efficiency.

Question 18

wonder/ the philosophical attitude is the?

Answer 18

way of thinking characterised by a critical inquiry, open-mindedness and a commitment to reason. it emphasises curiosity and a deep appreciation for the complexity and richness of human experience.

Question 19

why study philosophy

Answer 19

1. one becomes more articulate: you learn to speak and write with conviction
2. develops the intellectual trait of open-mindedness
3. develops critical thinking skills: problem-solving, evaluating, analyzing, reasoning, decision-making
   4 one becomes a better learner by interacting with difficult philosophical texts

Question 20

problems of studying philosophy

Answer 20

• prejudice that philosophy is a matter of opinion Not quite. Like any other branch of human knowledge, philosophy is an academic discipline that makes truth claims based on first principles and a study method.Yes, there is such a thing as one’s philosophy but that is not what the academic discipline of philosophy is about.
• knowledge for its own sake is a waste of time. Human beings have a natural desire to know. We would not be sufficiently human if we did not seek answers to the fundamental questions of human existence. In fact, the answers we give to these questions affect every aspect of our lives.
• disagreements among philosophers regarding answers to philosophical questions .it reflects the varying rigor of individual philosophers in their pursuit of truth. recognozing this complexity is integral to enriching the nature of philosophical inquiry.

Question 21

limitations of science

Answer 21

science takes place based on many principles that science itself cannot establish for example the
* Intelligibility of the World: Science assumes that the world is rational and can be understood. This is a presupposition that science relies on but cannot itself prove.

.Universality: there is no science of particulars just universal and yet it cannot account for this universality

• Mathematical Principles: Mathematics uses concepts like “one” or “unity” but cannot provide a scientific explanation for these foundational ideas.

wisdom results from experience, honest reflection and the ability to reason