Topic 1

Question 1

TOPIC 1: MATTER ON THE MOVE

Question 2

What is Matter?

Answer 2

● Is anything that has mass and takes up space
● All matter is made up of tiny particles

Question 3

What are Particles?

Answer 3

● The particles that make up matter can be close
together or far apart

Question 4

What is the Particle Theory of Matter?

Answer 4

● Particle models help to explain why gases and
liquids flow, while solids do not

Question 5

What does the Particle Theory of Matter state?

Answer 5

1. All particles of the same substance are made up of the same particles regardless of the state
2. All matter is made up of small particles
3. The particles attract one another
   ↳ These forces get stronger as the particles get
   closer
   ↳ The strength of the attraction depends on the
   type of particle
4. The space between particles is larger compared
   to the sizes of the particles themselves
5. Particles are always moving
   ↳ Their speed increases/decreases when the
   temperature increases/decreases

Question 6

What are changes in state?

Answer 6

● A change in state occurs when the particles of a
substance gain or lose energy.

Question 7

Changes of State Triangle

Answer 7

Solid –> Gas
● Sublimation

Gas –> Solid
● Deposition

Gas –> Liquid
● Condensation

Liquid –> Gas
● Evaporation

Liquid –> Solid
● Freezing (Solidification)

Solid –> Liquid
● Melting (Fusion)

Question 8

What are the three States of Matter?

Answer 8

1. Solid
2. Liquid
3. Gas

Question 9

1. Solid

Answer 9

● The particles retain a fixed volume and shape
● The particles are vibrating
● There is little space between the particles
● Does not flow
● It forms a pile
● Fixed shape and volume
● It is not easily compressible

Question 10

2. Liquid

Answer 10

● Takes the shape of its container
● Particles are moving/sliding past one another
● There is some free space between the particles
● Flow: it can be poured
● There is a fixed volume but no fixed shape
● It is easily compressible

Question 11

3. Gas

Answer 11

● Assume the shape and volume of its container
● The particles are moving fast
● Lots of space between particles
● Particles flow easily past eachother
● It is compressible

Question 12

TOPIC 2: MIXING AND DISSOLVING

Question 13

What are pure substances?

Answer 13

● Are made up of one type of matter
● Can exist in three states of matter
● They have physical properties
● Examples of pure substances are:
↳ 1. Elements
↳ 2. Compounds

Question 14

1. Elements

Answer 14

● Are made of only one type of particle
● Elements can’t be broken down

Question 15

2. Compounds

Answer 15

● Are made of two or more elements
● They can be broken down into individual
elements

Question 16

What are physical properties?

Answer 16

● Are things you can see or measure
● Examples:
↳ Colour
↳ Hardness
↳ Density
↳ Melting

Question 17

What are mixtures?

Answer 17

● All mixtures contain two or more pure substances
(compounds)
● They have their own distinct properties (some of
which may be hidden)
● There are two types:
↳ 1. Homogeneous
↳ 2. Heterogeneous

Question 18

1. Homogeneous Mixtures

Answer 18

● Are mixtures which look the same throughout
(every part looks the same)
● Homogeneous mixtures are also known as
solutions if they are fluids.

Question 19

Solutions

Answer 19

● Are a mixture where