Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbes > Topic 1 > Flashcards

Topic 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Role of Immune System

A

Defense against infections (deficient immunity=more diseases; vaccinations boost immune defenses=less diseases)

Recognizes and responds to tissue grafts and new proteins (barriers to transplantation and gene therapy)

Defense against tumors (treatment of cancer)

Injure cells and induce pathological inflammation (Autoimmune disorders, allergies).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Overall process of immune system

A

Recognize, interact, communicate, activate, effector response, memory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the basic characteristics and parts of Innate Immunity?

A

First line of defense, always present, barries, phagocytes, complement system, NK Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are general characteristics of Adaptive immunity?

A

Stimulated by microbes invading tissues. Slower, more effective, more specific. Interacts with innate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are antigens

A

Substances from microbes or non-infectious molecules that are recognized by immune cell receptors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is an Epitope

A

Portion of antigen that fits into receptor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Linear epitopes

A

Recognized by primary structure of amino acids. T cells only do linear b/c proteins are denatured. T cells binds to peptide to form MHC molecule complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Non-linear epitopes

A

Conformation. Not dependent on primary structure. B cells use antibodies which can use linear or non-linear.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What determines the type of immune response a microbe receives?

A

Depends on type of microbe and where it attacks (lifestyle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which Microbes are found in Interstitial space, blood, or lymph? What kind of protective immunity is used?

A

Viruses, bacteria, protozoa, fungi, worms; antibodies, complement system, phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which Microbes are on epithelial surfaces? What kind of protective immunity is used?

A

Niesseria gonorrheae, candida albicans, words; IgA antibodies, antimicrobial peptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which microbes are found in Cytoplasm? What kind of protective immunity is used?

A

Viruses, chlamydias, protozoa; cytoxic T cells, NK cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which microbes are found in Vesicles? What kind of protective immunity is used?

A

Mycobacteria, trypanosomes, cryptococcus neoformans; activated macrophages.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

General characteristics of Humoral Immunity

A

Extracellular. B lymphocyte secretes an antibody. blocks infections and elimates EC microbes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

General characteristics of Cell mediated Immunity within macrophage

A

Helper T Lymphocyte; activates macrophages to kill phagocytosed microbes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

General characteristics of Cell mediated immunity in cytoplasm (viruses replicating)

A

Cytolytic T lymphocytes; kill infected cells and eliminate reservoirs of infection

17
Q

How does Active adaptive immunity work?

A

Natural infection or injecting a microbe ->Body developing antibodies–>memory

18
Q

How does Passive Adaptive immunity work?

A

Inject antibodies to combat infection–>no development of antibodies–>no memory

19
Q

Properties of Adaptive Immunity

A

Specificity, Diversity, Memory, Clonal expansion, specialization, contraction or homeostasis, nonreactivity to self.

20
Q

What is Clonal Selection

A

Genes rearrange to give almost unlimited amt. of different types of antibodies. When an Ag is encountered, it matches up with a certain antibody and that antibody proliferates and then becomes an effector cell.

21
Q

What are Primary and secondary responses

A

primary-7-10 days, first reponse, produces memory cells; secondary response-quick response due to already present memory cells.

22
Q

What kinds of Lymphocytes are there and which type of immunity do they help with?

A

B cells-Humoral immunity; T cells-cell mediated immunity; NK cells-Innate immunity

23
Q

What types of Antigen presenting cells are there and which type of immunity do they help with?

A

dendritic cells-initiation of t cell response, macrophages-initiation and effector phase of cell mediated, follicular dendritic cells-display of Ag to B lymph. in humoral. sometimes b cells (naive mature).

24
Q

How do you classify Lymphocytes? What kinds are there? What are their markers? What do they do?

A

By their phenotype (cell surface markers and receptors) and by function.

B cells-Immunoglobulins; neutralize microbe, phagocytosis, complement activation

Helper T- CD4+, Activation of macrophages, inflammation, activation of T and B lymph.

Cytolytic T-CD8+; kill infected cell.

NK Cell-CD16+; kill infected cell.

25
Q

Where does Hematopoesis occur? Where do the lymphocytes mature?

A

Fetal liver and spleen, In bone marrow. B lymph mature in bone marrow. T lymph in thymus.

26
Q

How does Activation of lymphocytes occur and where?

A

Antigen–>lymph–>LN->effector cells in blood->site of infection

Antigen in blood->spleen->effector cells in blood–>site of infection.

27
Q

How do APCs work? What makes them professional?

A

Capture Ag and present it on cell surface to T cells. If they provide second signals, they are professional.

28
Q

What are the primary and secondary Tissues of immune system? What happens in each?

A

Primary organs-BM and Thymus-develop mature but naive cells

Secondary or peripheral-LN, Spleen, Mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) (gut tract)-where mature cells see antigen.

29
Q

General characteristics of Thymus?

A

Outer cortex, inner medulla. Many blood vessels with many macrophages, dendritic cells, lymphocytes, etc.

30
Q

general characteristics of Lymph node?

A

Outer cortical area with follicles containing b cell zone and germinal center (pocket of ag-stimulated, proliferating b cells), paracortex with t-cells, and inner medula. Afferent and efferent lymph vessels, artery and vein.

Antigen mainly associated with Dendritic cells.

31
Q

general characteristics of Spleen?

A

White inner pulp. T cells in PALs surrounding blood vessels. B cells in germinal centers in primary follicles.

32
Q

How does Segregation of lymph. in peripheral organs occur? What happens after activation by an Ag?

A

Due to diffferent chemokines which attract the lymphocytes. After Ag activation, cells express more chemokine receptors and can move to new places.

33
Q

What forms Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue? What does it do?

A

Peyer’s patches, tonsils, & appendix give off MALT. MALT forms organized lymphoid follicle in lamina propria of epithelial cells which releases plasma cells which secrete IgA into Mucosa.

34
Q

How does Migration of effector cells into tissue occur?

A

Chemokines and Adhesins recruit lymphocytes from the blood to the site of infection.

Microbes (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions