topic 1 Flashcards
social structure
anything external of an individual that can influence their thoughts, actions, experiences, or any other aspect of their life
micro level
the analysis of small groups and individual interactions
macro level
the analysis of trends among and between large groups and societies
values
a group’s standard for discerning what is good and/or important in society
norms
the visible and invisible rules of conduct through which societies are structured
formal norms
established written rules
informal norms
casual behaviors that are generally and widely conformed to
how are norms related to values
socialization
the process wherein people come to understand societal norms and expectations, to accept society’s beliefs, and to be aware of societal values “
deviance
the violation of a norm
how is deviance related to norms and values
how is socialization related to norms and values
how are norms related to values
social control
the regulation and enforcement of norms
positive sanctions
rewards for conforming to norms
negative sanctions
punishments for violating norms
social institution
An, organized, usual, or standard way that society meets its needs
- education, family, politics, law, military
- an institution has a certain purpose, and it organized specifically to fill that purpose
culture
the language, beliefs, values, norms, behaviors, institutions, and material objects that characterize a group are and are passed from one generation to the next
how does culture shape our perceptions of what’s normal?
social construction
An entity that exists only because we believe that it exists, and because society perpetuates it
functionalism
a theoretical approach that views society as a structure with interrelated parts, designed to meet the needs of individuals within that society
manifest function
an intended consequence of a social process
latent function
the unrecognized or unintended consequences of a social process
dysfunctions
the undesirable consequence of a social action in society
conflict theory
power
the ability to excercise one
symbolic interactionism
symbols
strain theory
social disorganization theory
differential association theory
labeling theory
conflict theory
techniques of neutralization
