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Biology brand new > Topic 1 > Flashcards

Topic 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Myriapods characteristics

A

Antenae
Segmented bodies
Hard exoskeleton

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2
Q

Insects

A

Antennae
Compound eyes
Head thorax abdomen
2 pairs of wings
3 pairs of legs
Mouthpart

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3
Q

Arachnids

A

Simple eyes
Head and thorax
4 pairs of legs
Powerful jaws

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4
Q

Crustaceans

A

Eyes
Jointed limbs
Gills under their shell

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5
Q

Flowering plant features

A

Stomata - allows carbon dioxide in and oxygen and water out
Has xylem and phloem for transport of mineral ions, water and sugars
Can be monocot or dicot

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6
Q

Nucleus role

A

Controls the activity of the cell

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7
Q

Cell membrane role

A

Controls what goes in and out of the cell

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8
Q

Cytoplasm role

A

Where chemical reactions take place

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9
Q

Ribosomes role

A

Protein synthesis

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10
Q

Mitochondria role

A

Where aerobic respiration takes place - releases energy

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11
Q

Vacuole role

A

Filled with cell sap and contains sugars and mineral ions

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12
Q

Chloroplasts role

A

Carry out photosynthesis

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13
Q

Cell wall role

A

Protects and supports the cell made out of cellulose

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14
Q

Red blood cell role

A

Transports oxygen
Contains haemoglobin
Biconcave disc shape to increase surface area to volume ratio
No nucleus to allow for more oxygen and flexible

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15
Q

Muscle cell

A

Very long and contain protein fibers and can shorten shorten when there’s energy available so muscles can relax
Contract and relax to move muscles

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16
Q

Ciliated cell

A

Contains cilia
Waft mucus bacteria out of the trachea into the mouth so it can be swallowed so hcl can destroy it

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17
Q

Motion nerve cell

A

Transports signals from cns to the effector
Axon (long part) Carries the electrical impulse

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18
Q

Sperm cell

A

Fuses with egg cell
Zygote produced
Flagellum enables it to swim
Mitochondria in the middle to release energy
acrosome at top to breakdown enzymes
Nucleus is haploid

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19
Q

Root hair role

A

It increases surface area for absorption of water and mineral ions

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20
Q

Xylem characteristics

A

Transports water and mineral ions from the roots up to the leaves
Lignin walls to strengthen

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21
Q

Phloem characteristics

A

Transports sugars
Has palisade cells which are densely packed with chloroplasts which absorb light in photosynthesis and make sugar

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22
Q

Magnification calculation

A

Km
M
Mm
Um
Nm
X 1000

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23
Q

How can diffusion be increased

A

Reduce distance
Concentration gradient kept high
Large surface area for diffusion across cell membranes

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24
Q

How does osmosis affect plant and animal cells differently

A

Plant cells not permanently damaged
• Cell walls give plant cell support
• Animal cells permanently damaged
• Animal cells shrink with water loss and burst if swell too much

25
Q

What do carbohydrates contain

A

Carbon hydrogen and oxygen

26
Q

What elements are in proteins

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen

27
Q

What element is found in lipids(fats)

A

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

28
Q

What is the structure of a lipid

A

3 fatty acids
1 glycerol molecule

29
Q

What did the food test for starch

A

Iodine
Turns blue/black

30
Q

Test for glucose

A

Biuret reagent
Turns Purple

31
Q

Test for fat

A

Add ethanol and water
Milky white emulsion

32
Q

Test for vitamin C

A

DCPIP dye
And vitamin c drop by drop
Few drops = strong solution

33
Q

Why do enzymes not work at little energy

A

Not enough kinetic energy also they’re biological catalyst

34
Q

Photosynthesis equation

A

Carbon dioxide + water = Glucose + oxygen

35
Q

Function of chlorophyll

A

Transfers light energy to chemical
Used for synthesis of carbs

36
Q

Limiting factors of photosynthesis

A

Carbon dioxide
Light intensity
Temperature

37
Q

Glucose use in photosynthesis

A

To make
Proteins
Fats
Cellulose for cell wall
Starch for storage

38
Q

Deficiency signs for leaves

A

Magnesium can’t be produced to make chlorophyll - yellow leaves

39
Q

Leaf adaptations

A

Thin
Flat
Large surface area

40
Q

Wavy cuticle role

A

Prevents excess water loss

41
Q

Upper epidemis role

A

Transparent to allow light to enter the leaf

42
Q

Palisade mesophyll role

A

Contains chloroplasts which absorbs light in photosynthesis

43
Q

Spongy mesophyll role

A

Air spaces allow gases to diffuse

44
Q

Where is amylase made

A

Salivary glands
Small intestine
Pancreas

45
Q

What you need to know for amylase

A

Breaks down starch into maltose
Secreted in alimentary canal
Maltase - breaks down maltose into glucose
Secreted onto membranes of epithelium in small intestine

46
Q

Protease

A

Digests proteins into amino acids
It’s made in stomach,small intestine and pancreas

47
Q

What are the other protease called

A

Pepsin - made in stomach
Trypsin - made in small intestine

48
Q

What does lipase do

A

Digest lipids into fatty acids and glycerol
Made in small intestine and pancreas

49
Q

What do teeth do

A

Break up food and increase the surface area for enzymes to work upon

50
Q

How to protect our teeth

A

Eating a diet low in sugar
Brushing regularly
Rinse to remove bits of foodd

51
Q

What is Bile

A

An emulsifier which breaks down large fat droplets to small ones
Increasing surface area
Neutralizes hcl

52
Q

What are lacteals for

A

Fat absorption

53
Q

How is the small intestine adapted for its function?

A

Large surface area provided by villi and microvilli
Lots of capillaries
- Thin wall - short diffusion distance
Lacteals - absorption of fats

54
Q

What do goblet and epithelium cells do

A

Goblet - protect the lining of the small intestine
Epithelium - one cell thick which provides a short diffusion pathway
Microvillus - increases the surface area for the absorption of digested food

55
Q

Large intestine

A

Water is absorbed

56
Q

What is transpiration stream?

A

The continuous column of water moving up the xylem from the roots to the leaves

57
Q

Describe the transport of water in a plant

A

Enters root hair cell by osmosis
Water molecules are attracted to each other
Transpiration stream in xylem
- Transpiration out of the stomata

58
Q

Liver and pancreas produces

A

Liver - Produces bile - neutralizes acid and emulsifies fat in the small intestine
Pancreas - Produces pancreatic juice, transported into small intestine by pancreatic duct

59
Q

Gall bladder produces

A

Stores bile - transported in to duodenum by bile duct

Biology brand new (1 decks)

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