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NCM 118 MIDTERM LEC > Topic 1 > Flashcards

Topic 1 Flashcards

1
Q

noting skin changes, nodules, lesions, scarring, discolorations, inflammation, bruising, or striae.

A

Inspection

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2
Q

used to determine the character, location, and frequency of bowel sounds and to identify vascular sounds.

A

Auscultation

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3
Q

assess the size and density of the abdominal organs and to detect the presence of air-filled, fluid-filled, or solid masses.

A

Percussion

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4
Q

Dullness

A

Liver, solid organs

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5
Q

Tympany

A

Stomach (presence of air)

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6
Q

3 types of percussion

A

Direct, Indirect, Blunt (sa kidney) (hand tapos close fist)

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7
Q

Use of __________________ is appropriate for identifying areas of tenderness or muscular resistance

A

Light palpation

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8
Q

used to identify masses

A

Deep palpation

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9
Q

Non invasive or invasive
Guaiac tet

A

Non invasive

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10
Q

test looks for hidden (occult) blood in a stool sample. It is the most common type of fecal occult blood test (FOBT)

A

guaiac test

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11
Q

Collect a stool sample from

A

3 different bowel movement

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12
Q

True or False
Take stool sanples from the toilet bowl water

A

FALSE
DO NOT take stool samples from the toilet bowl water. This can cause errors.

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13
Q

type of Nuclear Medicine testing that uses a radioactive material to determine the structure of the liver, gallbladder and biliary ducts.

A

Hepatobiliary Scan with CCK

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14
Q

a hormone typically released by the body after a meal—it forces the gallbladder to contract, allowing us to see how well it is functioning

A

CCK (Cholecystokinin)

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15
Q

Normal value of Boold glucose

A

80-120mg/dl

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16
Q

use of a glucose meter for testing the concentration of glucose in the blood.

A

Blood glucose monitoring

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17
Q

High blood sugar levels can lead to long-term complications, including:

A

> heart disease
nerve damage
vision problems
poor blood flow
kidney disease

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18
Q

Low blood sugar levels can also cause symptoms that include:

A

• confusion
• weakness
• dizziness
• jitters
• sweating

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19
Q

procedure that examines the esophagus, stomach and first portion of the duodenum (small intestine) using a long flexible tube with a camera at the end of it.

A

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)

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20
Q

Priority nursing for Esophagogastroduodenoscopy EGD

A

Assessing for the return of the gag reflex

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21
Q

Preparation for Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)

A

• NPO 6 hours prior to the procedure.
• Do not take any antacids, aspirin, or ibuprofen • Remove dentures (risk in aspiration)
• Sign an informed consent form

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22
Q

procedure to diagnose and treat problems in the liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, and pancreas. It combines X-ray and the use of an endoscope—a long, flexible, lighted tube.

A

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

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23
Q

ERCP preparation include

A

• NPO for 8 hours before the procedure.
• Allergic to any medicines, latex, tape, or anesthesia.
• Allergic to iodine or contrast dye.
• Have a history of bleeding disorders or taking any blood-thinning medicines (anticoagulants)

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24
Q

test to find out the cause of a blockage in your bile duct.

A

Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography (PTC)

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25
Q

Preparation for Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography (PTC)

A

• No taking of aspirin, clopidogrel, arthritis medicines, warfarin (Coumadin)
• Allergic reaction to the contrast medium(dye)
• Diabetic (inform doctor)
• Asthma (inform doctor)
• NPO for 4 to 6 hours

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26
Q

procedure in which a small needle is inserted into the liver to collect a tissue sample.

A

Liver Biopsy

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27
Q

A liver biopsy is most often performed to help identify the cause of:

A

• Persistent abnormal liver blood tests (liver enzymes).
• Unexplained yellowing of the skin (jaundice).
• A liver abnormality found on ultrasound, CT scan, or nuclear scan.
• Unexplained enlargement of the liver.

28
Q

Preparation for liver biopsy

A

• if the patient is pregnant, have a lung or heart condition, are allergic to any medications, or have bleeding problems.
• Patient is taking blood-thinning medications

29
Q

✓ Administering volume replacement
✓ Controlling the bleeding
✓ Maintaining surveillance for complications

A

Planning

30
Q

potentially life-threatening abdominal emergency that remains a common cause of hospitalization.

A

Acute GI bleeding

31
Q

collection of pus or infected fluid that is surrounded by inflamed tissue inside the belly. It can involve any abdominal organ or it can settle in the folds of the bowel.

A

Intra-abdominal Abscess

32
Q

occurs when tissue fluid within the peritoneal and retroperitoneal space accumulates in such large volumes that the abdominal wall compliance threshold is crossed and the abdomen can no longer stretch.

A

Hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome

33
Q

affect all body systems, most notably the cardiac, respiratory, renal, and neurologic systems.

A

Hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome

34
Q

Hallmark symptoms of ACS include the 6 P’s:

A

• Pain
• Paresthesia
• Poikilothermia
• Pulselessness
• Pallor
• Paralysis

35
Q

life-threatening condition that demands urgent medical care. It’s most commonly caused by a hepatitis virus or drugs, such as acetaminophen.

A

Liver Failure

36
Q

2 types of liver failure

A

Acute and Chronic

37
Q

inflammatory condition of the pancreas that is painful and at times deadly.

A

Acute pancreatitis

38
Q

Acute pancreatitis is most often linked to:

A

gallstones, drinking too much alcohol, unknown

39
Q

specializing in the treatment of obesity

A

Bariatric

40
Q

acute, major, life-threatening complication of diabetes characterized by hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, and ketonuria.

A

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

41
Q

build-up of acids in the blood. It can happen when the blood sugar is too high for too long.

A

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

42
Q

Breath that smells fruity (like pear drop sweets, or nail varnish)

A

Diabetic Ketoacidosis

43
Q

refers to high levels of sugar, or glucose, in the blood. It occurs when the body does not produce or use enough insulin, which is a hormone that absorbs glucose into cells for use as energy.

A

HYPERGLYCEMIA

44
Q

clinical condition that arises from a complication of diabetes mellitus It involves extremely high blood sugar (glucose) level without the presence of ketones

A

Hyperosmolar Non ketotic acidosis

45
Q

fluid that patient have to put back to a former or original state.

A

Volume restoration

46
Q

flexible plastic tube inserted through the nostrils, down the nasopharynx, and into the stomach or the upper portion of the small intestine.

A

Nasogastric suction tubes

47
Q

Nasogastric tubes are used to

A

• Deliver nutrients to the patient via a feeding pump
• Remove gastric contents

48
Q

use of balloon tamponade in the control of active variceal bleeding comes as a last resort when other forms of therapy are not available or fail to achieve _________

A

hemostasis

49
Q

use of balloon tamponade in the control of active variceal bleeding comes as a last resort when other forms of therapy are not available or fail to achieve hemostasis

A

Esophagogastric balloon tamponade tubes

50
Q

reconstruction consists of a gastroduodenostomy in which the anastomosis is created between the gastric remnant and the duodenum

A

Billroth I

51
Q

reconstruction consists of a gastrojejunostomy in which a side-to-side anastomosis is created between the gastric remnant and a loop of jejunum, with closure of the duodenal stump

A

Billroth II

52
Q

procedure that may be used to reduce portal hypertension and its complications, especially variceal bleeding.

A

Trans jugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

53
Q

surgical procedure that removes a liver that no longer functions properly (liver failure) and replaces it with a healthy liver from a deceased donor or a portion of a healthy liver from a living donor

A

Liver transplantation

54
Q

used to replenish electrolytes in body fluids, such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, chloride and bicarbonate.

A

Electrolyte replacement

55
Q

process of fast restoring lost water (dehydration) to the body tissues and fluids.

A

Rapid hydration

56
Q

rehydration can be by the ________________ or by the _____________ administration of fluids.

A

Oral route
Intravenous

57
Q

well-known natural treatment for diarrhea.

A

Ginger

58
Q

The ___________________________ in ginger are known to help relieve gastrointestinal (GI) irritation, stimulate saliva and bile production, and suppress gastric contractions as food and fluids move through the GI tract.

A

Phenolic compounds

59
Q

is rich in antioxidants including vitamins A, B, C and E, as well as carotenoids

A

Ampalaya

60
Q

heard about every 5 to 20 seconds

A

Normal sounds

61
Q

one or two sounds in 2 minutes

A

Hypoactive

62
Q

five to six sounds heard in less than 30 seconds

A

Hyperactive

63
Q

no sounds in 3 to 5 minutes) are frequently used in documentation

A

Absent

64
Q

anything written or printed on which you rely as record or proof of patient actions and activities.

A

Documentation

65
Q

Inform client that proper hand-washing prevents the spread of infection
Counsel client about lifestyle and diet

A

Client Education

NCM 118 MIDTERM LEC (1 decks)

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