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Ballistics > Topic 1 > Flashcards

Topic 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How do you calculate kinetic energy?

A

Ek = 1/2mv^2

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2
Q

What is a modern unit of firearm ammunition called?

A

A round

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3
Q

What is a round made up of?

A
  • Catridge Case
  • Bullet / Projectile(s)
  • Propellant
  • Primer
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4
Q

What is 1 gram equal to in grains?

A

1 gram = 15.4 grains

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5
Q

What is 1kg equal to in grains and lbs?

A

2.2lb = 15400 grains = 1kg

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6
Q

What are the classifications for firearm identification?

A
  • Manufacturer
  • Model
  • Class
  • Caliber
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7
Q

What is the caliber?

A

The caliber is the internal diameter of a firearm barrel but is also used as the effective diameter of the bullet that fits into the barrel of such diameter. It has NOTHING to do with the cartridge.

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8
Q

What are the 3 systems of mesurements for caliber?

A
  • Metric (5.56mm)
  • Imperial (0.223”)
  • Caliber (223 cal)
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9
Q

What are examples of class characteristics?

A
  • General firearms class
  • General dimensions
  • Caliber
  • Chambering
  • Make & model
  • Shape of firing pin
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10
Q

What are examples of individual characteristics?

A
  • Serial number
  • Proof marks
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11
Q

What is the proofing process?

A

It’s a process by which the unit is tested around 30% beyond normal operating pressures and it must be done before release and after any major repair work on the firearm.

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12
Q

In terms of proof marks, what is a criminal offence to do?

A

It is a specific criminal offence to sell or offer for sale a non-proofed or out-of-proof firearm.

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13
Q

What are the main components of a firearm?

A
  • Bolt
  • Breech with firing pin window
  • Extractor Claw
  • Chamber
  • Ejector
  • Slide
  • Magazine
  • Receiver
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14
Q

What is the general firing procedure?

A
  • A round is loaded into the breech and then the chamber which is then locked closed.
  • When the trigger is pulled, a firing pin (or hammer) strikes the percussion cup which leads to the ignition of the propellant.
  • Production of gas leads to increased pressure and at the optimum pressure, the bullet exits.
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15
Q

What are the different classes of firearms?

A
  • Pistols
  • Rifles
  • Sub-machine guns
  • Assault Rifles
  • Machine guns
  • Shotguns
  • Airweapons
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16
Q

What are the features of a self-loading pistol?

A
  • Magazine fed
  • Self-loading after initial cocking so relatively high fire rate.
  • Typically has 7-33 round capacity
  • Generally lower energy than revolvers
  • Semi-automatic mechanism
  • Fast reload
17
Q

What are the main components of a self-loading pistol?

A
  • Hammer
  • Slide
  • Ejection port
  • Muzzle
  • Mainspring cap
  • Frame
  • Trigger
  • Magazine
  • Grip safety
  • Front sight
  • Rear sight
  • Thumb safety
  • Grip panel
  • Magazine release
  • Slide lock
18
Q

What are the features of revolvers?

A
  • Ammunition is held in a revolving cylinder
  • Slow reload time
  • Can be up to twice the energy of semi-automatic self-loading pistols (SLP)
  • Single shot mechanism which leads to a low rate of fire
  • Double or single action mechanism
19
Q

What are the main components of a revolver?

A
  • Front sight
  • Scope
  • Adjustable rear sight
  • Hammer
  • Cylinder release
  • Grip
  • Trigger
  • Trigger guard
  • Cylinder
  • Crane
  • Ejector rod
  • Barrel
  • Muzzle
20
Q

What are the features of bolt-action rifles?

A
  • Highly accurate
  • Powerful: 448 Lapua is one of
    the most ‘powerful’ small arms
    currently in production
  • Low rate of fire
  • Medium-speed reload
  • Magazine fed: 5 - 30 rounds.
  • Standard military weapon until the end of WWII, now used for sporting/hunting/tactical.
  • Range from .17” (4.4mm) ‘varmint’ calibre to as high as .80” calibre in the case of the largest
    anti-tank rifles.
21
Q

What are the main components of a bolt-action rifle?

A
  • Bolt
  • Safety switch
  • Receiver
  • Scope
  • Barrel
  • Muzzle
  • Loading port
  • Tubular magazine
  • Ejection port
  • Bolt handle
  • Trigger
  • Trigger guard
  • Sling swivel stud
  • Butt plate
  • Toe
  • Heel
  • Monte Carlo
  • Grip
  • Stock
22
Q

What are the features of sub-machine guns (SMGs)?

A
  • Magazine fed.
  • 30 - 100 round magazine.
  • Blowback or gas-operated.
  • High rate of fire
  • Fast reload.
  • May be inaccurate depending on the design.
  • Usually has a similar energy to SLP.
  • Almost entirely found in 9 mm calibre
23
Q

What are the main components of a sub-machine gun?

A
  • Rear sight
  • Ejection port
  • Front sight
  • Barrel
  • Integrated suppressor
  • Muzzle
  • Safety selector
  • Trigger
  • Trigger guard
  • Magazine
  • Pistol grip
  • Receiver
24
Q

What are the features of assault rifles?

A
  • Intermediate calibre firearm
  • Selective fire option: single shot, burst fire
    and automatic.
  • Accurate (sometimes).
  • High power.
  • Magazine fed: 20 - 40 rounds
  • Usually gas-operated
25
Q

What are the main components of an assault rifle?

A
  • Rear sight drum
  • Carrying handle
  • Ejection port
  • Slipring
  • Hand guard
  • Front sight assembly
  • Barrel
  • Flash suppressor
  • Bayonet stud
  • Upper sling swivel
  • Dust cover
  • Magazine button release
  • Magazine
  • Trigger guard
  • Trigger
  • Pistol grip
  • Rear sling swivel
  • Rubber recoil pad
  • Charging handle
26
Q

What are the features of shotguns?

A
  • Commonest firearm in private ownership.
  • Very powerful.
  • Short-range use.
  • Inaccurate: Deliberately.
  • Usually semi-auto.
  • Can fire a wide variety of ammunition in calibres of 0.22” up to 2”.
  • Usually low fire rate.
  • Smooth-bore ammunition
27
Q

What are the features of the sawn-off shotgun?

A
  • Weapon of choice for criminals until very recently.
  • Inaccurate
  • Low reload speed and fire rate.
  • Small and easily concealed.
  • Devastating at close range, especially if loaded with SG shot.
  • Easily obtainable
28
Q

What are the main components of a shotgun?

A
  • Receiver
  • Bolt
  • Double action bars
  • Barrel
  • front sight
  • Muzzle
  • Magazine cap
  • Fore end
  • Magazine
  • Magazine loading port
  • Release for action bar lock
  • Trigger
  • Trigger guard
  • Butt plate
  • Sling swivel stud
  • Toe
  • Heel
  • Comb
  • Safety switch
  • Stock
  • Grip
29
Q

What are the features of machine guns?

A
  • Military use only
  • Two main categories: Light and Heavy.
  • Usually placed on a bi/tripod for stability.
  • Maybe standalone or vehicle-mounted.
  • Distinguished from assault rifles by having a cooling system or interchangeable barrel.
30
Q

What are the two groups of air weapons?

A
  • Spring
  • Pre-charged pneumatic
31
Q

What are the features of a spring air weapon?

A
  • Powered by spring compression.
  • Human input compresses the spring which stores energy.
  • Releasing spring forces a piston along a cylinder
    and compresses air behind the projectile.
32
Q

What are the features of a PCP air weapon?

A
  • Uses highly compressed air (230 - 300 Bar) stored in a cylinder.
  • Regulated amount released to launch projectile.
  • All air weapons are limited by law

Ballistics (11 decks)

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