Topic 1

Question 1

Pathogenesis

Answer 1

means by which a pathogen cause disease

Question 2

Disease

Answer 2

a condition of an organism that impairs the normal physiological function

Question 3

What three elements are the immune system comprised of?

Answer 3

Cells, Tissue, Molecules

Question 4

Cells

Answer 4

Help identify/attack pathogens in which they secrete anti-pathogen molecule through phagocytosis

Question 5

Tissues

Answer 5

form barriers that secrete hormones and promote development of immune cells

Question 6

Molecules

Answer 6

dissolve in body fluids that bind and neutralize pathogens and signal cells

Question 7

Bacteria

Answer 7

• Unicellular prokaryote
• colonize tissues and or release toxins
  *easy recognition
  *hard to distinguish normal flora from pathogens

Question 8

Virus

Answer 8

*non-cellular parasite
* insert DNA/RNA into host cells to create more viral particles
*Immune system must destroy both viral particles and infected host cells

Question 9

Fungi

Answer 9

multicellular eukaryote
*colonize tissues and digest them
* hyphae are resilient and infections often persist
*

Question 10

Helminth (Worms)

Answer 10

Multicellular eukaryote
*attach to vessels or gut and absorb nutrients
*macroscopic structure: cannot be phagocytosed

Question 11

Leukocytes

Answer 11

Major cells that combat pathogens each with a specific role

Question 12

Lymphocytes

Answer 12

are a subtype of leukocyte that recognize and react to a specific pathogen and generate an immune response to clear/suppress the pathogen

Question 13

Innate immune system

Answer 13

provides general, non-specific defense against infection

Question 14

Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs)

Answer 14

are non-mammalian molecules common;y found in broad groups of pathogens

Question 15

What are some examples of PAMPs

Answer 15

LPS, Peptidoglycan, Mannose Polymers

Question 16

Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)

Answer 16

Specific for PAMPs, where leukocytes possess them, they bind to PAMPs and trigger an attack.