Topic 1 Flashcards
(16 cards)
Pathogenesis
means by which a pathogen cause disease
Disease
a condition of an organism that impairs the normal physiological function
What three elements are the immune system comprised of?
Cells, Tissue, Molecules
Cells
Help identify/attack pathogens in which they secrete anti-pathogen molecule through phagocytosis
Tissues
form barriers that secrete hormones and promote development of immune cells
Molecules
dissolve in body fluids that bind and neutralize pathogens and signal cells
Bacteria
- Unicellular prokaryote
- colonize tissues and or release toxins
*easy recognition
*hard to distinguish normal flora from pathogens
Virus
*non-cellular parasite
* insert DNA/RNA into host cells to create more viral particles
*Immune system must destroy both viral particles and infected host cells
Fungi
multicellular eukaryote
*colonize tissues and digest them
* hyphae are resilient and infections often persist
*
Helminth (Worms)
Multicellular eukaryote
*attach to vessels or gut and absorb nutrients
*macroscopic structure: cannot be phagocytosed
Leukocytes
Major cells that combat pathogens each with a specific role
Lymphocytes
are a subtype of leukocyte that recognize and react to a specific pathogen and generate an immune response to clear/suppress the pathogen
Innate immune system
provides general, non-specific defense against infection
Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs)
are non-mammalian molecules common;y found in broad groups of pathogens
What are some examples of PAMPs
LPS, Peptidoglycan, Mannose Polymers
Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs)
Specific for PAMPs, where leukocytes possess them, they bind to PAMPs and trigger an attack.
