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Edexcel GCSE Biology > Topic 1 > Flashcards

Topic 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Acrosome

A

Organelle in top of sperm to digest egg cell membrane

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2
Q

Active Site

A

Specific region on an enzyme where the reaction takes place

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3
Q

Active Transport

A

The movement of substances from a high concentration to a low concentration.

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4
Q

Benedict’s Test

A

A test for reducing sugars that produces different colours based on the amount of reducing sugars present.

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5
Q

Benedict’s Test Results

A

Blue: None
Green/Yellow: Some
Red: Large Amount

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6
Q

Biuret Test

A

A test which turns purple when protein is present.

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7
Q

Calorimetry

A

A method of measuring hear transfer during a chemical reaction.

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8
Q

Carbohydrases

A

Enzymes that break down carbs into simple sugars.

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9
Q

Carbohydrate

A

Large molecules that is synthesised from simple sugars.

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10
Q

Cell

A

The basic building blocks of life

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11
Q

Cell membrane

A

A partially permeable barrier that surrounds the cell

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12
Q

Cell wall

A

An hotelier layer that strengthens plant cells

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13
Q

Chloroplast

A

An organelle that is the site of photosynthesis.

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14
Q

Chromosome

A

A long coiled module of DNA that carries genetic information.

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15
Q

Cilia

A

Hair like structures found on epithelial cells which waft substances into one direction

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16
Q

Ciliated Epithelial Cell

A

A type of epithelial cell that lines the respiratory track and uterus.

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17
Q

Concentration Gradient

A

The difference of concentration in 2 areas.

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18
Q

Denaturation

A

The permanent change in shape of enzymes active site due to exposure to high temperatures or extremes of pH.

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19
Q

Diffusion

A

The net spreading out of particles from a high to low concentration.

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20
Q

Diploid Cells

A

A cell that contains two copies of each chromosome.

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21
Q

Egg Cell

A

A specialised female cell involved in reproduction

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22
Q

Electron microscope

A

A type of microscope that uses a beam of electrons focused by magnets to produce an image of a specimen. It has a greater magnification and resolution than a light microscope.

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23
Q

Emulsion Test

A

A test that produces a cloudy emulsion if lipids are present.

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24
Q

Enzyme

A

A biological catalyst that increase rate of reaction in living organisms.

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25
Q

Eukaryotic Cell

A

A type of cell found in plants and animals that contains a nucleus.

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26
Q

Flagella

A

A long hair like structure found on bacterias for movement.

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27
Q

Haploid Cell

A

A cell that contains a single copy of each chromosome.

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28
Q

Iodine Test

A

A test that produces a blue/black colour when starch is present

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29
Q

Light Microscope

A

A type of microscope that uses a series of lenses to magnify the light reflecting of a specimen.

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30
Q

Lipases

A

Enzymes that break down fatty acids and glycerol

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31
Q

Lipid

A

A large molecule that is synthesised from fatty acids and glycerol.

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32
Q

Lock and Key Hypothesis

A

A theory that describes how substrates must be the correct shape to fit the shape on an enzyme.

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33
Q

Image Size=

A

Magnification*Real Size

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34
Q

Micrometer

A

μm - 0.000001 of Meter (Power of -6)

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35
Q

Millimetre

A

mm - 0.001 of Meter (Power of -3)

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36
Q

Mitochondria

A

An organelle that is the site of respiration.

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37
Q

Nanometer

A

nm - 0.000000001 of Meter (Power of -9)

38
Q

Organelle

A

A specialised structure found in a cell

39
Q

Osmosis

A

Diffusion of water from a high concentration to a low one across a partially permeable membrane.

40
Q

Change in Mass

A

(Final Mass - Initial Mass) / Initial Mass

41
Q

Picometer

A

pm - 0.000000000001 of Meter (Power of -12)

42
Q

Plasmid

A

Loops of DNA found in cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells.

43
Q

Proteases

A

Enzymes that break down proteins into amino acids

44
Q

Protein

A

Large molecules synthesised from amino acids

45
Q

Rate of Reaction

A

The speed reactants are converted into products

46
Q

Resolution

A

The smallest distance between two objects that can be distinguished

47
Q

Ribosomes

A

Sub-Cellular structures that are the

sight of protein synthesis

48
Q

Specialised Cell

A

A cell that has a structure which makes it adapted to its function

49
Q

Specifcity

A

Describes the ability for an enzyme to catalyst only a particular reaction which a substrate fits the active site of an enzyme

50
Q

Sperm Cell

A

A specialised male cell used in reproduction

51
Q

Vacuole

A

An organelle found in plant cells that stores ap and supports the cell

52
Q

Animal and Plant Cells are…

A

Eukaryotic

53
Q

Bacterial Cells are…

A

Prokaryotic

54
Q

Eukaryotic Cells have…

A

Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm and a Nucleus

55
Q

Prokaryotic Cells have…

A

Cell Wall, Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm and Plasmids

56
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains DNA for a particular protein to build new cells

57
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Liquid substance were reactions occur and organelles are found in it

58
Q

Cell Membrane

A

Controls what enters and leaves the cell

59
Q

Mitchondria

A

Where aerobic respiration reaction occur and produce energy for the cell

60
Q

Ribosomes

A

Where protein synthesis occurs

61
Q

Only in plant cells…

A

Chloroplasts, Permanent Vacuole and a Cell Wall

62
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Where photosynthesis occurs providing food for the plant.

63
Q

Chlorophyll Pigment

A

In chloroplast and harvests light for photosynthesis

64
Q

Sperm Cells have…

A

Streamlined heads, long tails, many mitochondria, acrosome and a haploid nucleus

65
Q

Egg Cells have…

A

Many mitochondria, large size, haploid nucleus

66
Q

Ciliated Epithelial Cells have…

A

Have cilia to move bacteria stuck in mucus to stomach to be killed by acid

67
Q

Root Hair Cells have…

A

Large surface area and mitochondria

68
Q

Root Hair Cells are for…

A

Taking water in to the plant by osmosis

69
Q

Xylem Cells are for…

A

Transporting water and minerals around the plant

70
Q

Phloem Cells are for..

A

Moving products of photosynthesis around the plant

71
Q

How many lenses does a light microscope have?

A

2

72
Q

Where are light microscopes usually luminated from?

A

Underneath

73
Q

Approximate Maximum Magnification of Light Microscope

A

2000x

74
Q

Approximate Maximum Magnification of Electron Microscope

A

2,000,000x

75
Q

Magnification of Light Microscope

A

Magnification of Eyepiece Lens*Magnification of Objective Lens

76
Q

Eyepiece of Microscope

A

Part of microscope to look through to see specimens

77
Q

Barrell of Microscope

A

Part of microscope that can be moved to focus the image

78
Q

Turret of Microscope

A

Part of microscope that is rotated to change magnification

79
Q

Lens of Microscope

A

Increases magnification of specimen

80
Q

Stage

A

Flat surface where specimen is placed

81
Q

Why are chemical stains used

A

To see the specimen more clearly

82
Q

Magnification

A

Measured Size/Actual Size

83
Q

Independent Variable

A

What we change

84
Q

Control Variable

A

What we keep the same

85
Q

Dependant Variable

A

What we measure

86
Q

What do enzymes do?

A

Controlling reactions, break up larger molecules and join smaller molecules.

87
Q

Enzymes have an optimum…

A

pH, temperature and substrate concentration

88
Q

Human body temperature is around…

A

37*

89
Q

Rate calculation

A

Rate = Change / Time
Eg: 5g of protein takes 30 mins to convert-
5/30

90
Q

Carboghydrases are produced in…

A

The salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine

91
Q

Proteases are produced in…

A

The stomach, pancreas and small intestine

92
Q

Lipases are produced in…

A

The pancreas and small intestine

Edexcel GCSE Biology (2 decks)

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