TOPIC 1

Question 1

the extension of lines or planes to intersect a given surface; the transfer of a point from one surface to a corresponding position on another surface by graphical or analytical means.

Answer 1

Projection

Question 2

a systematic drawing of lines on a plane surface to represent the parallels of latitude ant the meridians of longitude of the Earth or a section of the Earth. A map projection may be established by analytical computation or may be constructed geometrically.

Answer 2

Map Projection

Question 3

meeting a curve or surface in a single point if a sufficiently small interval is considered.

Answer 3

Tangent

Question 4

a surface of such nature that a strait line joining 2 of its points lies wholly in the surface (a flat surface).

Answer 4

Plane

Question 5

A cylinder is placed around the Earth and is tangent to the equator The planes of the meridians are extended & they intersect the cylinder in a number of vertical lines.

Answer 5

Cylindrical Projection

Question 6

Most common projection used for navigation is the ____________ which is classified as a Cylindrical Projection.

Answer 6

Mercator Projection

Question 7

The length of a meridian, expressed in minutes of arc at the equator as a unit, constitutes the number of Meridional Parts corresponding to that latitude. (Used to make Mercator Projections & Mercator Sailings.)

Answer 7

Meridional Parts

Question 8

These are drawn Straight

Answer 8

Rhumb Lines

Question 9

are arcs the curve toward the nearest pole.

Answer 9

Great Circles

Question 10

You can use the Latitude Scale to measure distance

Answer 10

True

Question 11

A plane is placed tangent to the surface of the Earth. The points are projected from the center of the Earth to the plane.

Answer 11

Gnomonic Chart Projection

Question 12

how the Earth looks from a certain point of view & is projected onto a plane to create an image on the chart.

Answer 12

The projection is perspective

Question 13

A tangent plane is placed on the Earth. This projection is perspective from the center of the Earth. Basically, if you take a flashlight at the center of the Earth & shine it in the direction of the tangent plane, the land features will be the shadows that shine on the tangent plane.

Answer 13

Oblique Gnomonic

Question 14

This chart is often called a “______” Chart because its only use is to Plan Great Circle Voyages. Points along the track then get transferred to a Mercator Projection.

Answer 14

Great Circle

Question 15

A great circle is not conformal or _______

Answer 15

Orthomorphic

Question 16

plot as straight lines and rhumb lines plot as curves away from the pole.

Answer 16

Great Circles

Question 17

will appear as straight lines that converge at the poles as they do on the Earth.

Answer 17

The Meridian

Question 18

The_______except the equator, will be curved.

Answer 18

Latitude Lines

Question 19

Charts will provide more information on “____”

Answer 19

Zone of confidence

Question 20

The Nautical Charts showing the Earth’s surface or a portion thereof on a plan, in a certain proportion (scale) and with deformations subject to mathematical laws.
Such a chart must meet the following conditions:

Answer 20

1. The quick and easy insertion of the geographical coordinates of a point;
2. The angles on the chart to be equal to those on the surface of the Earth;
3. The rhumb line and the great circle can be drawn by a straight line.

Question 21

On a chart are shown a lot of elements using abbreviations, symbols, explanatory notes, warnings, namely:

Answer 21

a. The coast line;
b. The seabed topography;
c. The nature of the seabed;
d. Dangers for navigation;
e. Navigation aids;
f. Natural and artificial navigation landmarks;
g. The magnetic declination and magnetic anomalies;
h. The elements of the tide and currents;
i. Places for anchorage;
j. The boundaries of the different regions;
k. Fairway.

Question 22

– Drawn at a scale between 1: 500,000 – 1: 5,000,000
– Are represented large oceanic basins and are used for:
· Study of the navigation conditions;
· Preparing the sea passage;

Answer 22

General Charts

Question 23

– Drawn at a scale between 1: 100,000 – 1: 500,000
– Used for navigation at deep sea or near the coasts;
– On which are represented the most important elements for navigation;

Answer 23

Route Charts

Question 24

– Drawn at a scale between 1: 50,000 – 1: 75,000;

– Used for navigation close to land, among islands, fjords, straits;

Answer 24

Coast Charts

Question 25

– Drawn at a scale between 1: 5,000 – 1: 25,000;
– Used for operating in ports, roads, gulfs and bays.
For navigation purposes are used the following cartographic projections:

Answer 25

Harbor Charts

Question 26

– With Rectangular Canvas;

– And the rhumb line appears as a straight line;

Answer 26

Mercator’s Projection

Question 27

– Used for the navigation on the great circle;

Answer 27

Gnomonic Projection

Question 28

– Used for navigation in the polar regions.

Answer 28

Stereo geographic Projection

Question 29

Scales are expressed as ratios and differ from map to map. The scale, printed in the upper right corner of the map, will look something like 1:100,000. A ratio of 1:10,000 indicates that every 1in (2.5cm) the map equals 10,000in (25,000cm) in the real world.

Answer 29

1 Use the scale indicator to track distance on a chart.

Question 30

Rky Stands for?

Answer 30

Rocky Floor

Question 31

Tr indicates?

Answer 31

Nearby Tower

Question 32

Whf stands for?

Answer 32

Wharf

Question 33

Bn means?

Answer 33

Beacon

Question 34

CG may indicate?

Answer 34

Coast Guard station on a U.S. map

Question 35

A nautical chart presents most of the information used by the marine navigator, including

Answer 35

latitude and longitude scales, topographical features, navigation aids such as lighthouses and radio beacons, magnetic information, indications of reefs and shoals, water depth, and warning notices.