Topic 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

7 characteristics of life

A

Nutrition, metabolism, growth, response, excretion, homeostasis and reproduction.

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2
Q

Nutrition

A

Obtaining food, to provide energy and the materials needed for growth.

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3
Q

Metabolism

A

Chemical reactions inside the cell, including cell respiration to release energy.

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4
Q

Growth

A

An irreversible increase in size.

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5
Q

Response

A

The ability to react to changes in the environment.

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6
Q

Excretion

A

Getting rid of the waste products of metabolism.

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7
Q

Homeostasis

A

Keeping conditions inside the organisms within tolerable limits.

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8
Q

Reproduction

A

Producing offspring either sexually or asexually.

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9
Q

The Cell Theory

A
  1. All living organisms are composed of cells (or cellular products).
  2. The cell is the smallest unit of life.
  3. Cells only arise from pre-existing cells.
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10
Q

Striated Muscle

A

Exception to the cell theory, as individual cells fuse to form long multinucleated fibres.

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11
Q

Giant Algae

A

Exception to the cell theory, as certain species can be very large.

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12
Q

Aseptate Fungal Hyphae

A

Exception to the cel theory, as hyphae may be connected by a continuous cytoplasm.

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13
Q

Magnification

A

Magnification = image size (with a ruler) / actual size (according to scale bar)

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14
Q

Actual Size

A

Actual Size = Image size (with a ruler) / Magnification

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15
Q

Surface area and volume ratio

A

As a cell grows in size, volume increases faster than surface area. The SA:V ratio decrease with increasing cell size.

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16
Q

Cell Differentiation

A

The process by which a cell becomes specialized for a specific structure or function.

17
Q

STEM Cells

A

Unspecialized cells that are able to divide and replicate into different specialised cells.

18
Q

STEM Cells Therapy

A

Stargardt’s Disease and Parkinson. Both treated by replacing dead cells with functioning ones.

19
Q

Origin of STEM Cells

A

Embryos, umbilical cord blood and adult tissues.

20
Q

Multicellular Organisms

A

Form when groups of individual cells function together. Are capable of completing new functions due to collective action of many cells combined.