topic 02 amino acids Flashcards
at physiological pH, what are the charges of the carboxyl group and amino group?
carboxyl: negative (unprotonated)
amino: positive (protonated)
which of the two isomers is the only one present in proteins?
L - isomer
which of the 20 amino acids are archiral?
glycine
which type of amino acids are found in the interior? why? what does this indicate?
hydrophobic
to avoid water
hydrophobic side chains do not directly participate in chemical reactions
how can polar amino acids interact with water?
due to the presence of hydroxyl, thiol, amide groups, or an imidazole ring (found in histidine)
what is unique about glycine?
can’t form hydrogen bonds
not hydrophobic or charged
what are the hydrophobic (non-polar) amino acids?
Glycine, Alanine, Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine, Proline, Phenylalanine, Tryptophan, Methionine
what are the uncharged hydrophilic (polar) amino acids?
Asparagine, Glutamine, Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine, Cysteine
what is the start codon?
AUG
codes for methionine
what are the negatively charged hydrophilic (polar) amino acids?
Aspartate and Glutamate
what are the positively charged hydrophilic (polar) amino acids?
Histidine, Lysine, Arginine
which of the amino acids are aromatic?
Phenylalanine, Tryptophan, Tyrosine
what is related to increasing hydrophobicity?
increasing number of carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon chain
which of the amino acids contain a hydroxyl group?
serine, tyrosine, threonine
which of the amino acids contain a thiol group?
cysteine