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Thread 1 > Topic 0 > Flashcards

Topic 0 Flashcards

1
Q

MICROSCOPY HISTORY

13th Century AD

A

Salvino D’Armate (Italy) made the first monocular glass - provided wearer with magnification to one eye.

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2
Q

Microscopy History

1590

A

Zachiariah Jansen, Hans Jansen (Dad) both Dutch

Started experimenting by mounting two lenses into a tube. This became the first compound microscope - capable of 9x power.

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3
Q

Microscopy History

1609

A

Galileo Galileo

Develops a compound microscope with a convex and concave lens.

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4
Q

Microscopy History

1665

A

Robert Hooke

Published Micrographia in 1665. It had illustrations of his observations with microscopes - HAD FIRST DESCRIPTION OF “CELLS”

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5
Q

Microscopy HIstory

1674

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Made the first ‘REAL’ microscope. It had 270 x power. He used his knowledge of the grinding lenses to make greater magnification -> allowed detailed observations of bacteria.

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6
Q

Microscopy History

1826

A

Joseph Jackson Lister

Made achromatic lens to get rid of chromatic effect made by different wavelengths of light.

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7
Q

Microscopy History

1860’s

A

Ernst Abbe

Discovered Abbe sine condition (a condition that has to be met by a lens or other optical system in order to produce a sharp image) - a BREAKTHROUGH in microscopic design. Until then it was largely base don trial and error.

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8
Q

Microscopy History

1931

A

Ernst Ruska

Started to build the first electron microscope

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9
Q

Units of Measurement of Microscopy

1 inch in mm?

A

10 mm

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10
Q

Units of Measurement of Microscopy

1 mm in cm?

A

0.1 cm

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11
Q

Units of Measurement of Microscopy

1 mm in micrometers?

A

1000 micrometers

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12
Q

Units of Measurement of Microscopy

1 micrometer in mm?

A

0.001 mm

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13
Q

Units of Measurement of Microscopy

1 micrometer in nm?

A

1000 nanometers

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14
Q

What is the limit of light microscopy?

A

~0.2 micrometers

We would need more advanced equipment to get a higher resolution than about that.

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15
Q

Units of Measurement of Microscopy

1 nm in micrometers?

A

0.001 micrometers

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16
Q

Units of Measurement of Microscopy

1 nm in angstrom?

A

10 angstrom

17
Q

Scale

Water molecule

A

width roughly 0.275 nanometers

18
Q

Scale

Hemoglobin

A

width roughly 5 nanometers

19
Q

Scale

HIV Virus

A

width roughly 120 nanometers

20
Q

Scale

Red blood cell

A

width roughly 6-8 micrometers

21
Q

How many hemoglobins in 1 red blood cell?

A

about 280 million hemoglobin molecules

22
Q

Scale

Typical human cell

A

10 micrometers

23
Q

Scale

Mitochondrion

A

1.0 micrometer

24
Q

Scale

Lysosome

A

Between 1 and .1 micrometers

25
Q

Scale

Ribosome

A

Between 0.1 and 0.01 micrometer

26
Q

Scale

Plasma Membrane

A

A little below 0.01 micrometer

27
Q

Scale

Protein molecule

A

A little bigger than 0.001 micrometer

28
Q

Scale

Hydrogen atom

A

0.0001 micrometer

29
Q

How small can the human eye see?

A

About 0.2 mm or 200 microns. Anything smaller than that, we need a microscope.

30
Q

Light microscope vs. Electron Microscope

Illumination source

A

Light microscope = ambient light

Electron microscope = built in electron gun to see

31
Q

Light microscope vs. Electron Microscope

Type of lens

A

Light microscope = glass lens

Electron microscope = electromagnetic lens

32
Q

Light microscope vs. Electron Microscope

Magnification method

A

Light microscope = moving the lens

Electron microscope = focal length charged by changing current through lens coil

33
Q

Light microscope vs. Electron Microscope

How to view sample

A

Light microscope = eye piece

Electron microscope = digital camera

34
Q

Light microscope vs. Electron Microscope

Vacuum?

A

Light microscope = nope

Electron microscope = electron path from gun to camera under vacuum, makes electrons behave like light

35
Q

Typical resolving power of light microscope?

A

0.22 micrometers

36
Q

What is resolving power?

A

The smallest difference between two particles at which they can be resolved as separate particles?

37
Q

What advantage does light microscopy have over electron microscopy?

A

Sample processing is minimal relative to electron microscopy - allows live cell imaging

38
Q

What is the limit of resolution of the human eye?

A

100 micrometers

Thread 1 (1 decks)

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