Topic 0

Question 1

MICROSCOPY HISTORY

13th Century AD

Answer 1

Salvino D’Armate (Italy) made the first monocular glass - provided wearer with magnification to one eye.

Question 2

Microscopy History

1590

Answer 2

Zachiariah Jansen, Hans Jansen (Dad) both Dutch

Started experimenting by mounting two lenses into a tube. This became the first compound microscope - capable of 9x power.

Question 3

Microscopy History

1609

Answer 3

Galileo Galileo

Develops a compound microscope with a convex and concave lens.

Question 4

Microscopy History

1665

Answer 4

Robert Hooke

Published Micrographia in 1665. It had illustrations of his observations with microscopes - HAD FIRST DESCRIPTION OF “CELLS”

Question 5

Microscopy HIstory

1674

Answer 5

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Made the first ‘REAL’ microscope. It had 270 x power. He used his knowledge of the grinding lenses to make greater magnification -> allowed detailed observations of bacteria.

Question 6

Microscopy History

1826

Answer 6

Joseph Jackson Lister

Made achromatic lens to get rid of chromatic effect made by different wavelengths of light.

Question 7

Microscopy History

1860’s

Answer 7

Ernst Abbe

Discovered Abbe sine condition (a condition that has to be met by a lens or other optical system in order to produce a sharp image) - a BREAKTHROUGH in microscopic design. Until then it was largely base don trial and error.

Question 8

Microscopy History

1931

Answer 8

Ernst Ruska

Started to build the first electron microscope

Question 9

Units of Measurement of Microscopy

1 inch in mm?

Answer 9

10 mm

Question 10

Units of Measurement of Microscopy

1 mm in cm?

Answer 10

0.1 cm

Question 11

Units of Measurement of Microscopy

1 mm in micrometers?

Answer 11

1000 micrometers

Question 12

Units of Measurement of Microscopy

1 micrometer in mm?

Answer 12

0.001 mm

Question 13

Units of Measurement of Microscopy

1 micrometer in nm?

Answer 13

1000 nanometers

Question 14

What is the limit of light microscopy?

Answer 14

~0.2 micrometers

We would need more advanced equipment to get a higher resolution than about that.

Question 15

Units of Measurement of Microscopy

1 nm in micrometers?

Answer 15

0.001 micrometers

Question 16

Units of Measurement of Microscopy

1 nm in angstrom?

Answer 16

10 angstrom

Question 17

Scale

Water molecule

Answer 17

width roughly 0.275 nanometers

Question 18

Scale

Hemoglobin

Answer 18

width roughly 5 nanometers

Question 19

Scale

HIV Virus

Answer 19

width roughly 120 nanometers

Question 20

Scale

Red blood cell

Answer 20

width roughly 6-8 micrometers

Question 21

How many hemoglobins in 1 red blood cell?

Answer 21

about 280 million hemoglobin molecules

Question 22

Scale

Typical human cell

Answer 22

10 micrometers

Question 23

Scale

Mitochondrion

Answer 23

1.0 micrometer

Question 24

Scale

Lysosome

Answer 24

Between 1 and .1 micrometers

Question 25

Scale Ribosome

Answer 25

Between 0.1 and 0.01 micrometer

Question 26

Scale Plasma Membrane

Answer 26

A little below 0.01 micrometer

Question 27

Scale Protein molecule

Answer 27

A little bigger than 0.001 micrometer

Question 28

Scale Hydrogen atom

Answer 28

0.0001 micrometer

Question 29

How small can the human eye see?

Answer 29

About 0.2 mm or 200 microns. Anything smaller than that, we need a microscope.

Question 30

Light microscope vs. Electron Microscope Illumination source

Answer 30

Light microscope = ambient light Electron microscope = built in electron gun to see

Question 31

Light microscope vs. Electron Microscope Type of lens

Answer 31

Light microscope = glass lens Electron microscope = electromagnetic lens

Question 32

Light microscope vs. Electron Microscope Magnification method

Answer 32

Light microscope = moving the lens Electron microscope = focal length charged by changing current through lens coil

Question 33

Light microscope vs. Electron Microscope How to view sample

Answer 33

Light microscope = eye piece Electron microscope = digital camera

Question 34

Light microscope vs. Electron Microscope Vacuum?

Answer 34

Light microscope = nope Electron microscope = electron path from gun to camera under vacuum, makes electrons behave like light

Question 35

Typical resolving power of light microscope?

Answer 35

0.22 micrometers

Question 36

What is resolving power?

Answer 36

The smallest difference between two particles at which they can be resolved as separate particles?

Question 37

What advantage does light microscopy have over electron microscopy?

Answer 37

Sample processing is minimal relative to electron microscopy - allows live cell imaging

Question 38

What is the limit of resolution of the human eye?

Answer 38

100 micrometers