Tophat Mideterm 1

Question 1

Raymond Pearl was the first biologist who was in favor of eugenics who utilized statistical methods to solve biological problems such as substance usage and life expectancy
A) True
B) False

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The four forces of evolution include: natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow, and mutations
A) True
B) False

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What type of genetic mutation causes sickle cell anemia?
A) Deletion
B) Insertion
C) Point
D) Transcription
E) None of the above

Answer 3

Point (aka substitution)

Question 4

When the observed genotype frequency of a population is the same as the expected genotype frequency, the population is evolving
A) True
B) False

Answer 4

False, in HWE not evolving

Question 5

Paul T. Baker contributed to Human Population Biology by advancing and broadening the understanding of human adaptability
A) True
B) False

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Globalization has only impacted human biology and genetics through the spread of infectious disease
A) True
B) False

Answer 6

False, other ways not just disease

Question 7

Non-disjunction only occurs during meiosis 1
A) True
B) False

Answer 7

False, also occurs meiosis 1 and 2 and in mitosis (Trisomy 21,13,18)

Question 8

Translocation always leads to intellectual and/or physical disabilities
A) True
B) False

Answer 8

False, doesn’t always lead to it

Question 9

Which of the following is not required for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?
A) No gene flow
B) No new mutations
C) No sexual selection
D) Random mating
E) Small population

Answer 9

Small population, needs a large population for HWE all other options cause new genes in pool, small populations causes genetic drift (founders and bottleneck)

Question 10

The unit of natural selection is population
A) True
B) False

Answer 10

False, the unit is the individual, population is the unit of evolution

Question 11

Someone born with the sex chromosome OY will be a male
A) True
B) False

Answer 11

False, it would not become anything because you need an X which is the default setting (women/Turners syndrome)

Question 12

If the degree to which monozygotic twins show the same phenotype is low, the trait is likely not genetic. This is called
A) equal concordance
B) low concordance
C) low plasticity
D) high plasticity
E) penetrants

Answer 12

Low concordance, gene or allele is directly bonding to the phenotype, not discrete trait is a continuous/polygenic trait, environment doing influencing on trait, penetrance is example of prostate cancer

Question 13

A genotype is the genetic makeup of an individual
A) True
B) False

Answer 13

False, the GENOME is the genetic makeup of an individual, genotype just alleles for specific trait

Question 14

Red-green color blindness is a X-linked recessive trait
A) True
B) False

Answer 14

True, carried on X chromosome, need both x’s to express it for females and one the one x for males to be expressed, hemezygote

Question 15

The original mRNA strand is: AUG GGG GCU UCA CUC ACU GAG CAG. A mutation occurs and the new mRNA strand is: AUG GGG GCU UgA CUC ACU GAG CAG. What type of mutation is this?
A) Frameshift
B) Missense
C) Nonsense
D) Quiet
E) Silent

Answer 15

Nonsense, because the UGA becomes a stop codon, not Frameshift cause nothing shifting, not quiet cause not a type of mutation, if not a stop codon and still same amino acid then silent mutation, Missense is code for different amino acid

Question 16

Natural selection decreases variation in traits within a population
A) True
B) False

Answer 16

True, on chart that has arrows

Question 17

Which of the following is not a sex-linked trait?
A) Albinism
B) Hairy ear rims
C) Hemophilia
D) Red-green color blindness
E) Tay-Sachs

Answer 17

Tay-Sachs