TopHat Final Exam Review Questions Flashcards
What do cladograms show?
- how living (or formerly living) things are related to each other
\what did the spinosaurus eat?
- fish (look at snout)
All primitive dinosaurs are…
- bipedal
The sauropoda consists of two clades, which are…
- the macronaria and the diplodocoidea
How did sauropods likely breathe?
- unidirectionally
Which characters are shared among the ornithiscians?
- palpebral, triangle shaped teeth, predentary
What group or ornithiscians were the best chewers?
- ornithopods
Which character is shared by the cerapoda?
- diastema
Why is it unlikely that stegosaurus ran bipedally?
- their weight is distributed towards the front of their bodies
What feature of stegosaurus was originally used to suggest they were bipedal?
- long hind limbs, short front limbs
What is the likely purpose of the Thagomizer?
- defense
Osteoderms are…
- plates, cones, spikes, and other shapes of bones which grow in the skin
Which characteristics do all dinosaurs share?
- two pairs of temporal fenestrae, antorbital fenesterae, upright stance, ridge of the bone of the humerus
All members of this clade possess osteoderms
- Thyreophora
All members of this clade possess a prominant diastema
-cerpapoda
All members of this clade possess a shelf of bones that extends off the back of the skull
-marginocephalia
What clades exhibit the character of bird like hips?
- ornithsichia
- thyreophora
- marginocephalia
- cerapoda
- ornithopoda
Which clades have the primitive character of lizard-like hips?
- saurischia
- sauropodomorpha
- theropoda
The Nodosauridae are best characterized by what features?
- narrow skull, large shoulder spikes, short forelimbs
In North America, the most common pachycephalosaur remains are ___. These isolated remains are thought to have travelled long distances, suggesting pachycephalosaurs likely lived_____.
- skull domes
- near the mountains
What evidence suggests that a large asteroid hit the Earth 65.6 million years ago?
- a large crater in the gulf of mexico
- shocked quartz
- Tektites (small pieces of glassy debris formed from molten rock)
- high concentration of irridium
What organisms went extinct as a result of the asteroid that impacted the earth?
- dinosaurs and other terrestrial organisms
- mosasaurs and other marine organisms
- plants
In general, what features of the survivors of the asteroid impact allowed them to survive?
- small size, generalist diet
What likely happened to environments and climates as a result of the asteroid impact?
- rapid heating and wildfires followed by global cooling due to atmospheric sulfer
