TOPHAT EXAM 1 Flashcards
The idea that minds are one type of substance and matter is another is called
Dualism
Which field of research uses scans of brain anatomy or activity to analyze
people’s knowledge, thinking, and problem solving?
Cognitive Neuroscience
When you touch something, where does the conscious perception occur?
In your brain
The two basic kinds of cells in the nervous system are .
Neurons and Glia
Korsakoff’s syndrome _______.
Is marked by severe memory impairments
What type of glial cells myelinate axons in the brain and spinal cord?
oligodendrocytes
The tree-like branches of a neuron that receive information from other neurons
are called
Dendrites
When a neuron’s membrane is at rest, the concentration gradient tends to move
sodium ____ the cell and the electrical gradient tends to move it ____ the cell.
into, into
The resting potential is advantageous because _____.
the cell is ready to produce an action potential quickly following a stimulus
The net effect of each cycle of the sodium-potassium pump is to ____.
decrease the number of positively charged ions within the cell
Gaps in the insulating material that surrounds axons are known as ____
Nodes of Ranvier
When a neuron’s membrane is at rest, the concentration gradient tends to move
potassium ____ the cell and the electrical gradient tends to move it ____ the cell.
out of, into
Why is the speed of conduction through a reflex arc slower than the speed of
conduction of an action potential along an axon?
Transmission between neurons at synapses is slower than along axons.
A normal, healthy animal never contracts the flexor muscles and the extensor
muscles of the same leg at the same time. Why not?
When the interneuron sends excitatory messages to one, inhibitory messages go
to the other
What is the primary difference between temporal summation and spatial
summation?
Spatial summation depends on contributions from more than one sensory
neuron.
After one frog’s heart has been stimulated, an extract of fluid from that heart can
make a second frog’s heart beat faster. What conclusion did Otto Loewi draw from
these results?
transmission at synapses is a chemical event
The effect of a neurotransmitter on a postsynaptic neuron is determined by the
receptors on the postsynaptic membrane
An important difference between ionotropic and metabotropic effects is that _____.
metabotropic effects are slower and longer lasting
A hormone is a chemical that is ____.
conveyed by the blood to other organs, whose activity it influences
