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Need-to-Know Drugs > Top 50 US Prescriptions > Flashcards

Top 50 US Prescriptions Flashcards

1
Q

Amoxicillin

A 
Pharyngitis: ER tab po qd x 10d
Lyme: 500mg po qd x 10d
ENT: 500mg q12h or 250mg q8h
Lower resp: 500mg q8h
Part of H. pylori triple tx, po bid: 1g + clarithro 500mg + PPi 30mg
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2
Q

Dexamethasone

A

0.75-9mg po qd for adults with: allergies, asthma, collagen disorder, endocrine, eye, GI, skin, ITP, hyperCa2+ of malignancy, MSK, mycosis fungoides, nephrotic syndrome without uremia, meningeal TB.
Acute MS: 30mg po qd x 1wk, then 12mg po qod x 1mo

Peds with:
Croup: 0.6mg/kg as a single dose

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3
Q

Flomax

A

aka tamsulosin

BPH: 0.4 mg po qd; can inc to 0.8 mg po qd after 2-4wks if needed

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4
Q

Prednisone

A

Asthma, allergies, day 2+ of COPD exacerbation, MS exacerbation, inflammation, Sjogren’s, RA: 40-60mg po qd
Graft-vs-host: 1-2 mg/kg/d po

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5
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

Bioterror/scary ID: 400mg IV q12h (anthrax- x60d, plague - x14d, tularemia- x10d, lower resp infection- x10d)

Pyelonephritis: 1000mg po qd x 10d
Typhoid fever, infectious diarrhea, nonsevere SSTI, cat scratch: 500mg po q12h x 10d
Bacterial meningitis, HACEK endocarditis: 1000mg/d IV divided q12h
Bacterial prostatitis: 500mg po q12h x 28d
Febrile neutropenia: 400mg IV q8h + Zosyn 50mg/kg q4h, x 10d
HAP, severe lower resp infection, complicated UTI: 400mg IV q8h x 10d
Complicated abd infection: 400mg IV q12h + Flagyl, x 10d

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6
Q

Zoloft

A

aka sertraline
Depression, binge-eating disorder, noncardiac chest pain, dysthymia, OCD, premature ejaculation: start 50mg po qd, can inc qwk up to 200mg/d.
Panic disorder, PTSD, social phobia: start 25mg po qd, can inc qwk up to 200mg/d.
avoid Serotonin Syndrome, SJS

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7
Q

Pravastatin

A

Hyperlipidemia, CVA ppx, coronary arteriosclerosis ppx: 40mg po qd, inc up to 80mg/d if needed.
avoid preg, elderly, renal/liver disease

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8
Q

Gabapentin

A

Fibromyalgia: start 300mg po qhs, inc over 6wks to max 2400mg/d.
DM peripheral neuropathy: 1200 to 3600 mg/d po divided q8h
Partial seizure, post-herpetic neuralgia: 300mg po once on day one, bid day 2, tid day 3+
avoid DRESS

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9
Q

Tramadol

A

Pain: 50-100mg q4-6h PRN; max 400mg/d.

avoid abrupt d/c

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10
Q

Montelukast

A

aka Singulair

Allergic rhinitis, asthma: 10mg po qpm

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11
Q

Escitalopram

A

Depression: 10mg po qd
Mixed anxiety/depression, OCD: 10-20mg po qd
PMDD: 5mg day 1 ovulation, 10mg day 2, then 20mg qd until menses
avoid Serotonin Syndrome, abrupt d/c

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12
Q

Citalopram

A

Depression: start 20mg po qd, inc to 40mg po qd (max) no sooner than 1wk
OCD: start 20 mg po qd, inc qwk up to 60mg po qd
PMDD: 20mg po qd
avoid Serotonin Syndrome, long QT

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13
Q

Carvedilol

A

Acute STEMI, HTN: 6.25mg po bid; titrate up to 25mg bid

Chronic angina: 25-50mg po bid

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14
Q

Xanax

A

aka alprazolam
Anxiety, panic disorder: 0.5mg po tid (max TDD 4mg)
avoid abrupt d/c

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15
Q

Warfarin

A

Antiphospholipid syndrome, afib, VTE, PE, recurrent CVA/MI, valve replacement ppx: 2-5mg po qd, titrate to INR 2-3.

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16
Q

Meloxicam

A

OA: start at 5mg po qd, titrate to 10mg/d
RA: start at 7.5mg po qd, titrate to 15mg/d

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17
Q

Trazodone

A

Insomnia: 50-100mg po qhs
Depression: ER - 150mg po qpm fasting; can inc by 75mg q3d. Max 375mg/d.
avoid Serotonin Syndrome

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18
Q

Atorvastatin

A

Hypercholesterolemia, hypertrigs, cardiac event ppx: start 10-20mg po qd unless >45% reduction in LDL-C needed - then start 40mg po qd; reassess/titrate 2-4wks. Up to 80mg/d.

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19
Q

LT4

A

Hypothyroid: start 1.6 mcg/kg/d, then titrate up by 12.5-25mcg increments q4-6wks until euthyroid
Myxedema coma: 500mcg IV x 1, then 50-100mcg IV qd until po is possible
avoid crushing tabs, use with weight loss meds

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20
Q

Lisinopril

A

HTN: start 10mg po qd and titrate to 40mg po qd
AMI: 5mg po qd x 2d, then 10mg po qd x 6+wk
CHF: 5mg po qd, titrating gradually to 20mg po qd
Diabetic nephropathy, nondiabetic kidney disease: 10-40mg po qd
avoid preg

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21
Q

Omeprazole

A

GERD, esophageal stricture, erosive esophagitis, duodenal ulcer: 20mg po qd
Part of H. pylori triple Tx: 20mg po bid + clarithro + amoxi

22
Q

MXR

A

Pre-DM: 850mg po qd x 1mo; 850mg po bid maintenance
DM, PCOS: 500mg po qam x 1 wk; 500mg po bid x 1 wk, 1000mg po qam + 500mg po qpm x 1 wk; 1000mg po bid maintenance
avoid low eGFR, abrupt d/c

23
Q

Amlodipine

A

HTN, coronary arteriosclerosis, LVH, stable or variant angina: 5mg po qd, titrate up to 10mg po qd after 2wks
Raynaud’s, silent myocardial ischemia, diabetic nephropathy: 10mg po qd

24
Q

Simvastatin

A

Hypertrigs, mixed hyperlipidemia, primary hypercholesterolemia: start 10-20mg po qd, up to 40 mg/d
Familial hypercholesterolemia, CVA/ACS ppx: 40mg po qd

25
Q

Hydrocodone/APAP

A

Pain: 5mg/325mg 1-2 tabs q4-6h PRN pain, max #8 tabs/d

avoid prescribing it at all, watch for withdrawal/addiction, avoid abrupt d/c

26
Q

Metoprolol

A

AMI: 25-50mg po q6-12h, gradually transitioning to 200mg qd; or, 5mg IV q2min x 3
HTN: 25-100mg po qd, titrate up to effect
Angina: 100mg po qd; or, 5mg IV q2min x 3 then 25-50mg po q6h (choose this one for NSTEMI)
CHF: 25mg po qd x 2wk, then double dose qowk to highest tolerated or 200mg/d
Thyrotoxicosis: 25-50mg po qid
avoid abrupt d/c (or else angina/MI!)

27
Q

Losartan

A

T2D-nephropathy: 50mg po qd
T1D-nephropathy: 100mg po qd
Non-diabetic kidney disease: 100mg po qam
HTN, CVA with LVH: 50mg po qd; max 100mg/d.
CHF: start 25-50mg po qd, then titrate to 50-150mg po qd (max).
avoid preg

28
Q

Azithromycin

A

This is a good one to check the database on. Highlights:

  • Gram for the chlam (and gonorrhea, chancroid, urethritis, cervicitis)
  • Start at 500mg po and then check online for: acute infective exacerbation of COPD, babesiosis, SABE ppx, acute bacterial sinusitis, Bartonellosis, CAP, CF, uncomplicated SSTI, Lyme, mycobacterium, PID, pertussis, strep throat, and traveler’s diarrhea.
  • 1 drop 1% soln: bid x 2d, then qd x 5d for bacterial conjunctivitis.
29
Q

Ambien

A

Insomnia: 5mg po qhs only if 7-8hr sleep time available; max 10mg/d. Can also use 6.25mg CR (max 12.5mg/d).
avoid elderly, using more than minimum needed

30
Q

HCTZ

A

HTN: 12.5-25mg po qd; can inc to 50mg if needed

31
Q

Lasix

A

aka Furosemide
CHF exacerbation, pulm edema, edema: 20-80mg po, then can repeat or inc by 20-40mg in 6-8hr. Up to 600 mg/d.
avoid: metabolic alkalosis

32
Q

Protonix

A

aka pantoprazole
NSAID-induced GI: 20-40mg po qd x 6mo
GERD: 20mg po qd x 8wk
Erosive esophagitis: 40mg po qd
ZES: 40mg po bid or 80mg IV infusion q12h (can continue up to 2 yrs po or 6d IV)
Recurrent GIB: 80 mg IV bolus, then 8 mg/hr x 72hr
Can be part of H. pylori triple Tx at 40-80mg po qd

33
Q

Methylprednisolone

A

aka Methylpred if IV
Asthma: 40-80mg po, or IV over several mins if severe, until PEF = 70% or more of personal best
IBD, ITP, HyperCa2+ of malignancy, temporal arteritis, primary TB, or any other inflammatory issue: 10-40mg IM, or IV over several mins

34
Q

Clopidogrel

A

aka Plavix
Pre-PCI STEMI/NSTEMI: 600mg po + ASA before or at time of PCI
Post-PCI STEMI/NSTEMI: 75mg po qd + ASA 81mg x 12mo
Acute NSTEMI: load 300mg po, then 75mg po qd maintenance + 81mg ASA
VTE ppx (recent MI, CVA): 75mg po qd

35
Q

Augmentin

A

aka Amoxi-clavulanate
Acute OM, sinusitis, SSTI, UTI: 500mg po q12h or 250mg q8h
CAP: 2 ER tabs po q12h x 7-10d
Lower resp: 875mg po q12h or 500mg q8h

36
Q

Allopurinol

A

Gout: 100mg po qd, inc qwk at 100mg/d intervals until SrUric Acid 6 or less. Max 800mg/d.
Recurrent renal caliculi: 200mg po qd; titrate up to U/A effect. Max 800mg/qd.
(IV version for CA pts with inc uric acid only)

37
Q

Bupropion

A

aka Wellbutrin
Depression: 100mg po bid x 3d to start; max 150mg tid
ER: 150mg po qam x 3d to start; can inc to 300mg qam

38
Q

Lisinopril-HCTZ

A

HTN: 20mg/12.5mg po qd; titrate after 2wks. Max 80mg/50mg.

39
Q

Atenolol

A

AMI: 5mg IV over 5min, then again 10min later; then 10min later, 50mg po; then 12h later, another 50mg po; then 100mg po qd x 7d or disposition.
HTN, chronic angina: start at 50mg po qd; inc to 100mg po qd after one week if needed
Migraine ppx: 100mg po qd

40
Q

Cialis

A

aka Tadalafil
ED: 2.5mg po qd or 10mg po x 1 PRN
Pulm HTN: 40mg po qd

41
Q

Duloxetine

A

aka Cymbalta
Diabetic neuropathy: 60mg po qd
Fibromyalgia/MSK pain/chemo pain: start 30mg po qd x 1wk and inc to 60mg po qd if needed
Anxiety: same as fibro, but max dose is 120mg qd
Depression: titrate up from 20mg po qd; average is 60mg qd; max is 120mg qd.
avoid Serotonin Syndrome, abrupt d/c

42
Q

Fluoxetine

A

aka Prozac, Sarafem
Depression, panic disorder, PMDD: 20mg po qam
OCD: 20-60mg po qam
Bulimia: 60mg po qam
Bipolar: 20mg po + 5mg olanzapine
avoid Serotonin Syndrome, abrupt d/c, SJS

43
Q

Fenofibrate

A

(dose varies by brand; these are doses for Tricor)
Hypercholesterolemia: 160mg po qd with food
Hypertrigs: 54-160 mg po qd with food, titrating up at 4- and 8-week repeat lipid panels

44
Q

Crestor

A

aka Rosuvastatin

Hyperlipidemia, hypertrigs, cardiac event ppx: 10-20mg po qd

45
Q

Venlafaxine

A

Anxiety: ER tab 37.5-75 mg/d po qd (max 225mg/d)
Depression: 75 mg/d po divided bid or tid (max 225mg/d)
avoid: Serotonin Syndrome

46
Q

Adderall

A

aka dextroamphetamine-amphetamine
ADHD: 5mg po qd-bid to start, then inc by 5mg qwk to effect (max 40mg/d)
Narcolepsy: 5-60 mg/d po, divided into q4-6h

47
Q

Cyclobenzaprine

A

aka Flexeril

10mg po qhs

48
Q

KCl

A

Hypokalemia <2 mEq/L: up to 40 mEq/hr infusion WITH CARDIAC MONITORING; max 400 mEq/d

49
Q

Ranitidine

A

Gastric ulcer, hypersecretion, GERD, ZES: 150mg po bid

Erosive esophagitis: 150mg po qid, then maintain at bid

50
Q

Albuterol

A

aka: Ventolin, ProAir
2. 5 to 5mg q20min x 1 hr; or 2.5 to 10mg q1-4h PRN
avoid: hypoK+, hypergly, tachy

Need-to-Know Drugs (2 decks)

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