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Phar 722 Practice III > Top 50 drugs 722 > Flashcards

Top 50 drugs 722 Flashcards

1
Q

atorvastatin

A

Lipitor

HMG CoA Reductase inhibitor (statin)

Caution with grapefruit juice.

Labs months 1-3.

Nausea/dyspepsia/myalgia (refer)

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2
Q

lovastatin

A

Mevacor

HMG CoA Reductase inhibitor (statin)

Take in the evening (cholesterol synthesis).

Caution with grapefruit juice.

Labs months 1-3.

Nausea/dyspepsia/myalgia (refer)

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3
Q

pravastatin

A

Pravachol

HMG CoA Reductase inhibitor (statin)

Labs months 1-3.

Nausea/dyspepsia/myalgia (refer)

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4
Q

simvastatin

A

Zocor

HmG CoA Reductase inhibitor (statin)

Take in the evening (cholesterol synthesis).

Caution with grapefruit juice.

Labs months 1-3.

Nausea/dyspepsia/myalgia (refer)

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5
Q

atenalol

A

Tenormin

Beta blocker

Do NOT discontinue abruptly.

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6
Q

metoprolol tartrate

A

Lopressor

Beta blocker

Do NOT discontinue abruptly.

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7
Q

metoprolol succinate

A

Toprol XL

Beta blocker

Do NOT discontinue abruptly.

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8
Q

carvedilol

A

Coreg

Beta blocker

Do NOT discontinue abruptly.

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9
Q

amlodapine

A

Norvasc

Calcium channel blocker

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10
Q

diltiazem

A

Cardizem, Cardia

Calcium channel blocker

Constipation.

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11
Q

verapamil

A

Calan

Calcium channel blocker

Constipation.

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12
Q

lisinopril

A

Zestril, Prinivil

ACE inhibitor

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13
Q

enalopril

A

Vasotec

ACE inhibitor

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14
Q

benazepril

A

Lotensin

ACE inhibitor

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15
Q

losartan

A

Cozaar

Angiotensin Receptor blocker

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16
Q

olmesartan

A

Benicar

Angiotensin Receptor blocker

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17
Q

hydrochlorothiazide

A

Microzide, Hydroduril

Thiazide Diuretic - potassium wasting.

First line/first addition diuretic for HTN.

Take in the morning.

Photosensitivity*

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18
Q

chlorthalidone

A

Hygroton

Thiazide Diuretic - Potassium wasting.

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19
Q

furosemide

A

Lasix

Loop Diuretic - potassium wasting.

More commonly used for heart failure.

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20
Q

triamterene/HCTZ

A

Maxzide, Dyazide

Potassium sparing Diuretic (triamterene)

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21
Q

spironolactone

A

Aldactone

Potassium sparing Diuretic

Caution on potassium levels - Monitored? Supplements?

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22
Q

warfarin

A

Coumadin

Anti-coagulant

The goal of treatment with coumadin is to thin the blood to a specific level that is both safe and effective for your condition.

It will be important to avoid things that will make that difficult.

Tell me about any OTC medications, supplements, herbal products, or anything similar that you are currently taking…

Many producs are known to interact with coumadin. Ill have to look into X, Y, and Z to make sure everything is okay, and then I could give you a call back, how does that sound?

* Ensure no NSAIDs. *

Great, also, be sure to talk to us or your doctor before starting anything new, especially NSAIDs, which should not be taken with this medication.

Can you tell me about any dietary modifications did you and your physician discussed?

A consistent diet that provides roughly the same daily amount of Vitamin K will help this drug work the way it is supposed to.

What does the timeline of your INR appointment schedule with your physician look like?

Great, your physician will be watching your INR levels to make sure they are not too high or low. If they are too high, you may be at an increased risk for bleeding complications, and if they are too low, you increase the risk of developing blots.

Getting to tese appointments is an important part of taking this medication, and make sure to reach out if you experience any bleeding or things that are out of the ordinary.

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23
Q

clopidogrel

A

Plavix

Anti-platelet

Key Points

  • May want to avoid omeprazole - some studies indicate it can reduce Plavix’ effects.

Side Effects

  • Increased risk of bleeds < Warfarin.
  • Rash
  • Pruritus
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24
Q

metformin

A

Glucophage - Qd or Bid

Biguanide

Key Points

  • Monitor A1C and Renal function.
  • Lifestyle modifications.
  • Unlikely to cause hypoglycemia.

SE

  • N/V, Flatulence, and Diarrhea: These will probably happen at first, but will usually go away. It will help to take it with food, and if it doesn’t get better, you should see your doctor to make some changes.
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25
Q

regular insulin

A

No Brand

Short acting Insulin - 30 minutes prior to meal.

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26
Q

lispro

A

Humalog, Novolog

Rapid acting Insulin - 15 minutes before, or immediately after meal.

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27
Q

glargine

A

Lantus

Long acting Insulin - once at same time every day.

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28
Q

Lantus Solostar Pen

A

Know how.

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29
Q

Humalog Kwikpen

A

Know how.

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30
Q

cyclobenzaprine

A

Flexeril

Muscle relaxant

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31
Q

tizanidine

A

Zanaflex

Muscle relaxant

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32
Q

tramadol

A

Ultram

Narcotic-like

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33
Q

oxycodone / APAP

A

Percocet

Opioid

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34
Q

hydrocodone / APAP

A

Norco, Lortab,

Vicodin Opioid

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35
Q

fentayl patch

A

Duragesic

Opioid

Not to be used for first time opioid therapy!

Replace every 72hrs for chronic pain.

Put it in places you can reach easily, and rotate.

To dispose: fold in half, drop off at disposal site.

Do not apply external heat.

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36
Q

oxycodone immediate release

A

Oxycodone IR

Opioid

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37
Q

oxycodone extended release

A

Oxycontin

Opioid

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38
Q

fluoxetine

A

Prozac

SSRI

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39
Q

paroxetine

A

Paxil

SSRI

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40
Q

sertraline

A

Zoloft

SSRI

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41
Q

citalopram

A

Celexa

SSRI

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42
Q

bupropion

A

Wellbutrin (depression), Zyban (smoking cessation) - but could be taking either/or for either/or.

Aminoketone

Dosing varies - make sure it is correct.

Take in the morning.

Key Points

  • CI in seizure disorder at doses over 300mg/day

SE

  • Insomnia
  • Weight loss - not that usual.
  • Dry mouth
  • HA
  • Tachycardia
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43
Q

venlefaxine

A

Effexor

SNRI - Think NE like effects.

Key Points

  • Take in the AM.
  • Titrate up.
  • May increase bleed risk with anti-coags.
  • CI with MAOIs

SE

  • Insomnia.
  • Loss of appetite.
  • Constipation
  • Hypertension at doses > 300mg/day.
  • Increased sweating.
44
Q

lorazepam

A

Ativan

Benzodiazepine

45
Q

alprazolam

A

Xanax

Benzodiazepine

46
Q

zolpidem

A

Ambien

Sedative/hypnotic

Take right before bedtime

Plan a full night of sleep

SE

  • Caution residual somnolence
  • Dizziness
  • Parasomnias - very uncommon.
47
Q

methylphenidate

A

Methylin, Metadate

ADHD

48
Q

ampthetamine salt combination

A

Adderall

Adderall ADHD

49
Q

gabapentin

A

Neurontin

GABA analog

Tons of indications.

Dosing all over the place, usually tapered up.

Find out what is going on.

Regardless, caution with other CNS depressants.

SE

  • Drowsiness/Sedation
  • dizziness
  • Fatigue
  • Ataxia
  • Confusion @ higher doses
50
Q

albuterol HFA

A

Ventolin, PorAir

SABA

51
Q

fluticasone HFA

A

Flovent

Corticosteroid

52
Q

fluticasone HFA / salmeterol

A

Advair

Corticosteroid / LABA

53
Q

tiotropium

A

Spiriva HandiHaler

Anticholinergic

54
Q

ipratropium / albuterol

A

Combivent Respimat

Anticholinergic / SABA

55
Q

prednisone

A

Oral corticosteroid

Very effective and good for short term use to treat inflammation/allergy type problems.

Tolerated well in the short term.

Take early in the day - may cause trouble sleeping.

Tapering dose common, take all at once.

SE possible:

  • Insomnia
  • Agitation
  • Hunger
  • Fluid retention
  • Increased BP and BG @ high doses - caution.
56
Q

triamcinolone

A

Kenalog

Topical corticosteroid

BID to TID

In most cases, they are to use it for a couple weeks and then stop if its all good. Some people are supposed to do it long term - find out whats up.

Key Points

  • Apply sparingly
  • Avoid occlusive dressing unless instructed.
  • Typically no more than 10-14 days

SE

  • Skin atrophy
  • Burning (not common)
  • Contact dermatitis (not common)
57
Q

amoxicillin

A

Amoxil

Beta-lactam antibiotic

58
Q

amoxicillin / clavulanate

A

Augmentin

Beta-lactam antibiotic

59
Q

cephalexin

A

Keflex

Beta-lactam antibiotic

60
Q

sulfamethoxazole / trimethoprim

A

Bactrim, Septra

Sulfonamide antibiotic

Drink plenty of water - crytallization.

Photosensitivity big here.

61
Q

ciprofloxacin

A

Cipro

Fluoroquinolone antibiotic

62
Q

clindamycin

A

Cleocin

Lincosamide antibiotic

Risk c. diff - if diarrhea not resolving, do not self-treat.

63
Q

doxycycline

A

Vibramycin

Tetracycline antibiotic

Not under 8

Take with plenty of water - esophogeal irritation.

64
Q

azithromycin

A

Zithromax

Macrolide antibiotic

65
Q

ethinyl estradiol / norgestimate

A

Combination OCP

66
Q

ethinyl estradiol / levonorgestrel

A

Combination OCP

67
Q

ethinyl estradiol / norethindrone

A

Combination OCP

68
Q

ethinyl estradiol / drosperinone

A

Combination OCP

69
Q

latanoprost

A

Xalatan

Prostanoid Receptor Agonist

70
Q

tobramycin

A

Tobradex

Aminoglycoside antibiotic

71
Q

gentamycin

A

Gentak

Aminoglycoside antibiotic

72
Q

erythromycin ointment

A

Romycin, Ilotycin

Aminoglycoside antibiotic?

73
Q

acyclovir

A

Zovirax

Antiviral

74
Q

valacyclovir

A

Valtrex

Antiviral

75
Q

alendronate

A

Fosamax

Bisphosphonate (for Osteoporosis)

76
Q

tamsulosin

A

Flomax

Alpha-blocker (for BPH)

77
Q

levothyroxine

A

Synthroid, Levoxyl

Thyroid Hormone Replacement

78
Q

polyethylene glycol

A

GoLytely Bowel Prep Osmotic Laxative

79
Q

sildenafil

A

Viagra

Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitor (for ED)

80
Q

vardenafil

A

Levitra

Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitor (for ED)

81
Q

tadalafil

A

Cialis

Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitor (for ED)

82
Q

Epinephrine - EpiPen

A

Know how / when to use

83
Q

epinephrine - Adrenaclick

A

Know how / when to use

84
Q

Epinephrine - AuviQ

A

Know how / when to use

85
Q

General for Antihypertensive Agents

A

Lifestyle Modifications : Weight control and DASH diet, moderate alcohol, reduce sodium intake, and smoke cessation if applicable.

Encourage home blood pressure monitoring.

Common SE: Dizziness.

86
Q

General for HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors

A

Take simvastatin and lovastatin in the evening: highest rate of cholesterol synthesis whle sleeping.

Caution drinking grapefruit juice with simvastatin, lovastatin, and atorvastatin.

Lifestyle modifications

Repeat labs for months 1, 2, and 3: make sure that the medication is working at the current dose and check for changes in Liver enzymes.

Common SE: Nausea/dyspepsia, Increased Liver enzymes, and Myalgia; Refer - normal SE, but make sure it is not due to a separate underlying issue.

87
Q

General for Beta-Blockers

A

Key Points:

  • Monitor HR.
  • Do NOT discontinue abruptly.

Side Effects:

  • Exercise intolerance
  • Sexual dysfunction
  • Fatigue
88
Q

General for Calcium Channel Blockers

A

Key Points:

  • Monitor HR
  • Monitor BP

Side Effects:

  • Edema - May add diuretic.
  • Fatigue
  • Constipation - Verapamil especially.
89
Q

General for Diuretics

A

Key Points:

  • Monitor electrolytes.
  • Some are potassium sparing, some are potassium wasting.

Side Effects:

  • Urinations - take early in day.
  • Photosensitivity
  • Possible rash
90
Q

General for ACE-I

A

Key Points

  • Monitor electrolytes: raises potassium.
  • First-dose hypotensions: worse if dehydrated.

Side Effects

  • Cough: may take up a while to develop, not dangerous, just annoying. Consider changing medications, OTC intervention.
  • Dizziness.
  • Angioedema: rare.
91
Q

General for ARBs

A

Key Points

  • Monitor electrolytes.
  • First-dose hypotension: worse if dehydrated.

Side Effects

  • Dizziness
  • Angioedema
  • Doesn’t seem to cause cough like ACE-I
92
Q

General for Insulins

A

Key Points

  • Encourage home BG monitoring: Therapy often will depen on / change due to what they report.
  • What to do if low BG: Sugar packet in lip.
  • Proper pen/vial technique and storage: If not using/unopened - fridge. If using/opened - good for about a month.
  • Find out what they know about their situation and reinforce what you see necessary.

Side Effects

  • Hypoglycemia
  • Weight gain - likely.
93
Q

General for Muscle Relaxants

A

Key Points

  • Not “pain relievers” really.
  • Avoid other CNS depressants: alcohol, benzodiazepines, antihistamines, etc.
  • Avoid abrupt withdrawal if using for a chronic issue.

Side Effects - especially cyclobenzaprine

  • Dry mouth
  • Hypotension
  • Dizziness
  • Sedation - take at night. Caution driving, etc. Not so much a problem with tizanidine.
94
Q

General for Opioids

A

Key Points

  • Abuse/dependance - Counseling technique.
  • Avoid other CNS depressants: alcohol, benzodiazepines, antihistamines, etc.
  • APAP max dosing - around 3500mg/day.

Side Effects

  • Sedation - caution driving, etc.
  • Constipation - the big one. Counsel on prevention and what to do if it happens.
95
Q

General for Antidepressants

A

Do NOT discontinue abruptly.

Increases in Suicidal Ideation

  • Make sure they have followup appointment planned.
  • Bring up anything abnormal before then.
  • Relatively uncommon.
  • More comon in younger people.

4-6 Weeks for full effects - depression

  • Other issues may show improvement sooner.
  • Don’t stop b/c you dont think it is working, or b/c you feel better.

Possible Sedation

  • Ask how doctor recommended. Suggest morning trial dose to assess effects.
    • Except Bupropion and Fluoxetine.

Sexual Dysfunction

  • Except Bupropion
96
Q

General for SSRIs

A

Key Points

  • AM or PM depending on patient.
    • Start in morning, assess.
  • After 4-6 weeks, adjust dose if necessary.
  • Mention, may cause bleed risk with anti-coags.
  • CI with MAOIs.

SE - Well tolerated, some may occur at first, then resolve.

  • Nausea
  • HA
  • Restlessness
  • Possible sexual dysfunction
97
Q

General for Benzodiazepines

A

Usually prescribed for situational reasons.

Can be used long term. Make sure to ask.

Avoid other CNS depressants.

Taper off if taking long term.

SE

  • Somnolence/dizziness - caution.
  • Abuse.
  • Withdrawal
  • Antergograde Amnesia
    • May be used for this purpose; surgery, etc.
98
Q

General for ADHD Medications

A

Dose depends on formulation.

Time of day - not too late for second dose if BID.

Make sure they know they will need new prescriptions.

Monitor BP, HR, and height/weight for kids.

Potential for dependency/abuse

  • Only use this for you.
  • Only use this the way you are supposed too.

SE

  • Loss of appetitie
  • Insomnia
  • Irritability
  • HA
  • Nausea
99
Q

General for SABAs

A

PRN - unless for specific things like exercise.

Key Points

  • Inhalation technique
  • This is “for rescue”
  • If using more than two times per week, reevaluate maintenance

SE - transient

  • HA
  • Tachycardia
  • Tremor/shakiness
  • Lightheadedness
100
Q

General for Corticosteroids +/- LABA

A

BID

Key Points

  • Rinse mouth after use.
  • Use it every day.
  • Inhalation technique

SE - well tolerated, minimal systemic

  • Thrush/URI - may see Nystatin prescribed.
  • Cough/hoarseness
  • HA
101
Q

General for Anticholinergic +/- SABA

A

Make sure they know how to use the inhalers

May cause dry mouth, cough/hoarseness, bitter taste, URI.

102
Q

General for Antibiotics

A

Take exactly how prescribed.

Finish whole course, even if feeling better.

May cause nausea/mild diarrhea.

  • Can take with food; avoid dairy with some.
    • Cipro

Double-check allergies.

c. diff risk - especially with broad spectrum.
* May recommend probiotic.

103
Q

Bowel Prep Osmotic Laxative

A

Read packet from prescriber and follow directions exatly - may differ from what is on the bottle.

Do add water until it is time b/c it will only stay good for 48hrs once you do.

Plan on not leaving the house once you start taking it - it will work well.

104
Q

Latanoprost

A

Xalatan

Once daily at night.

Technique - Washa hands. Shake bottle. Tilt head back. Pull eye lid down. Add correct number of drops to pouch. Do not touch dropper to eye. Close eye for 2 minutes while applying pressure to inside corner. Close bottle right away. Washs hands again.

SE: Mild irritation, blurred vision, eyelash growth, iris color change.

105
Q

Tobramycin (Tobradex), Gentamicin (Gentak), Erythromycin (Romycin, Ilotycin)

A

Technique - Washa hands. Shake bottle. Tilt head back. Pull eye lid down. Add correct number of drops to pouch. Do not touch dropper to eye. Close eye for 2 minutes while applying pressure to inside corner. Close bottle right away. Wash hands again.

Mild irritation and blurred vision.

Phar 722 Practice III (2 decks)

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