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Phar 722 Practice III > Top 50 drugs 722 > Flashcards

Top 50 drugs 722 Flashcards

1
Q

atorvastatin

A

Lipitor

HMG CoA Reductase inhibitor (statin)

Caution with grapefruit juice.

Labs months 1-3.

Nausea/dyspepsia/myalgia (refer)

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2
Q

lovastatin

A

Mevacor

HMG CoA Reductase inhibitor (statin)

Take in the evening (cholesterol synthesis).

Caution with grapefruit juice.

Labs months 1-3.

Nausea/dyspepsia/myalgia (refer)

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3
Q

pravastatin

A

Pravachol

HMG CoA Reductase inhibitor (statin)

Labs months 1-3.

Nausea/dyspepsia/myalgia (refer)

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4
Q

simvastatin

A

Zocor

HmG CoA Reductase inhibitor (statin)

Take in the evening (cholesterol synthesis).

Caution with grapefruit juice.

Labs months 1-3.

Nausea/dyspepsia/myalgia (refer)

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5
Q

atenalol

A

Tenormin

Beta blocker

Do NOT discontinue abruptly.

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6
Q

metoprolol tartrate

A

Lopressor

Beta blocker

Do NOT discontinue abruptly.

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7
Q

metoprolol succinate

A

Toprol XL

Beta blocker

Do NOT discontinue abruptly.

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8
Q

carvedilol

A

Coreg

Beta blocker

Do NOT discontinue abruptly.

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9
Q

amlodapine

A

Norvasc

Calcium channel blocker

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10
Q

diltiazem

A

Cardizem, Cardia

Calcium channel blocker

Constipation.

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11
Q

verapamil

A

Calan

Calcium channel blocker

Constipation.

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12
Q

lisinopril

A

Zestril, Prinivil

ACE inhibitor

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13
Q

enalopril

A

Vasotec

ACE inhibitor

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14
Q

benazepril

A

Lotensin

ACE inhibitor

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15
Q

losartan

A

Cozaar

Angiotensin Receptor blocker

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16
Q

olmesartan

A

Benicar

Angiotensin Receptor blocker

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17
Q

hydrochlorothiazide

A

Microzide, Hydroduril

Thiazide Diuretic - potassium wasting.

First line/first addition diuretic for HTN.

Take in the morning.

Photosensitivity*

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18
Q

chlorthalidone

A

Hygroton

Thiazide Diuretic - Potassium wasting.

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19
Q

furosemide

A

Lasix

Loop Diuretic - potassium wasting.

More commonly used for heart failure.

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20
Q

triamterene/HCTZ

A

Maxzide, Dyazide

Potassium sparing Diuretic (triamterene)

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21
Q

spironolactone

A

Aldactone

Potassium sparing Diuretic

Caution on potassium levels - Monitored? Supplements?

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22
Q

warfarin

A

Coumadin

Anti-coagulant

The goal of treatment with coumadin is to thin the blood to a specific level that is both safe and effective for your condition.

It will be important to avoid things that will make that difficult.

Tell me about any OTC medications, supplements, herbal products, or anything similar that you are currently taking…

Many producs are known to interact with coumadin. Ill have to look into X, Y, and Z to make sure everything is okay, and then I could give you a call back, how does that sound?

* Ensure no NSAIDs. *

Great, also, be sure to talk to us or your doctor before starting anything new, especially NSAIDs, which should not be taken with this medication.

Can you tell me about any dietary modifications did you and your physician discussed?

A consistent diet that provides roughly the same daily amount of Vitamin K will help this drug work the way it is supposed to.

What does the timeline of your INR appointment schedule with your physician look like?

Great, your physician will be watching your INR levels to make sure they are not too high or low. If they are too high, you may be at an increased risk for bleeding complications, and if they are too low, you increase the risk of developing blots.

Getting to tese appointments is an important part of taking this medication, and make sure to reach out if you experience any bleeding or things that are out of the ordinary.

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23
Q

clopidogrel

A

Plavix

Anti-platelet

Key Points

  • May want to avoid omeprazole - some studies indicate it can reduce Plavix’ effects.

Side Effects

  • Increased risk of bleeds < Warfarin.
  • Rash
  • Pruritus
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24
Q

metformin

A

Glucophage - Qd or Bid

Biguanide

Key Points

  • Monitor A1C and Renal function.
  • Lifestyle modifications.
  • Unlikely to cause hypoglycemia.

SE

  • N/V, Flatulence, and Diarrhea: These will probably happen at first, but will usually go away. It will help to take it with food, and if it doesn’t get better, you should see your doctor to make some changes.
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25
regular insulin
No Brand Short acting Insulin - 30 minutes prior to meal.
26
lispro
Humalog, Novolog Rapid acting Insulin - 15 minutes before, or immediately after meal.
27
glargine
Lantus Long acting Insulin - once at same time every day.
28
Lantus Solostar Pen
Know how.
29
Humalog Kwikpen
Know how.
30
cyclobenzaprine
Flexeril Muscle relaxant
31
tizanidine
Zanaflex Muscle relaxant
32
tramadol
Ultram Narcotic-like
33
oxycodone / APAP
Percocet Opioid
34
hydrocodone / APAP
Norco, Lortab, Vicodin Opioid
35
fentayl patch
Duragesic Opioid Not to be used for first time opioid therapy! Replace every 72hrs for chronic pain. Put it in places you can reach easily, and rotate. To dispose: fold in half, drop off at disposal site. Do not apply external heat.
36
oxycodone immediate release
Oxycodone IR Opioid
37
oxycodone extended release
Oxycontin Opioid
38
fluoxetine
Prozac SSRI
39
paroxetine
Paxil SSRI
40
sertraline
Zoloft SSRI
41
citalopram
Celexa SSRI
42
bupropion
Wellbutrin (depression), Zyban (smoking cessation) - but could be taking either/or for either/or. Aminoketone Dosing varies - make sure it is correct. Take in the morning. Key Points * _CI in seizure_ disorder at doses over _300mg/day_ SE * Insomnia * Weight loss - not that usual. * Dry mouth * HA * Tachycardia
43
venlefaxine
Effexor S**_N_**RI - Think NE like effects. Key Points * Take in the AM. * Titrate up. * May increase bleed risk with anti-coags. * CI with MAOIs SE * Insomnia. * Loss of appetite. * Constipation * Hypertension at doses \> 300mg/day. * Increased sweating.
44
lorazepam
Ativan Benzodiazepine
45
alprazolam
Xanax Benzodiazepine
46
zolpidem
Ambien Sedative/hypnotic Take right before bedtime Plan a full night of sleep SE * Caution residual somnolence * Dizziness * Parasomnias - very uncommon.
47
methylphenidate
Methylin, Metadate ADHD
48
ampthetamine salt combination
Adderall Adderall ADHD
49
gabapentin
Neurontin GABA analog Tons of indications. Dosing all over the place, usually tapered up. Find out what is going on. Regardless, caution with other CNS depressants. SE * Drowsiness/Sedation * dizziness * Fatigue * Ataxia * Confusion @ higher doses
50
albuterol HFA
Ventolin, PorAir SABA
51
fluticasone HFA
Flovent Corticosteroid
52
fluticasone HFA / salmeterol
Advair Corticosteroid / LABA
53
tiotropium
Spiriva HandiHaler Anticholinergic
54
ipratropium / albuterol
Combivent Respimat Anticholinergic / SABA
55
prednisone
Oral corticosteroid Very effective and good for short term use to treat inflammation/allergy type problems. Tolerated well in the short term. Take early in the day - may cause trouble sleeping. Tapering dose common, take all at once. SE possible: * Insomnia * Agitation * Hunger * Fluid retention * Increased BP and BG @ high doses - caution.
56
triamcinolone
Kenalog Topical corticosteroid BID to TID In most cases, they are to use it for a couple weeks and then stop if its all good. Some people are supposed to do it long term - find out whats up. Key Points * Apply sparingly * Avoid occlusive dressing unless instructed. * Typically no more than 10-14 days SE * Skin atrophy * Burning (not common) * Contact dermatitis (not common)
57
amoxicillin
Amoxil Beta-lactam antibiotic
58
amoxicillin / clavulanate
Augmentin Beta-lactam antibiotic
59
cephalexin
Keflex Beta-lactam antibiotic
60
sulfamethoxazole / trimethoprim
Bactrim, Septra Sulfonamide antibiotic Drink plenty of water - crytallization. Photosensitivity big here.
61
ciprofloxacin
Cipro Fluoroquinolone antibiotic
62
clindamycin
Cleocin Lincosamide antibiotic Risk c. diff - if diarrhea not resolving, do not self-treat.
63
doxycycline
Vibramycin Tetracycline antibiotic Not under 8 Take with plenty of water - esophogeal irritation.
64
azithromycin
Zithromax Macrolide antibiotic
65
ethinyl estradiol / norgestimate
Combination OCP
66
ethinyl estradiol / levonorgestrel
Combination OCP
67
ethinyl estradiol / norethindrone
Combination OCP
68
ethinyl estradiol / drosperinone
Combination OCP
69
latanoprost
Xalatan Prostanoid Receptor Agonist
70
tobramycin
Tobradex Aminoglycoside antibiotic
71
gentamycin
Gentak Aminoglycoside antibiotic
72
erythromycin ointment
Romycin, Ilotycin Aminoglycoside antibiotic?
73
acyclovir
Zovirax Antiviral
74
valacyclovir
Valtrex Antiviral
75
alendronate
Fosamax Bisphosphonate (for Osteoporosis)
76
tamsulosin
Flomax Alpha-blocker (for BPH)
77
levothyroxine
Synthroid, Levoxyl Thyroid Hormone Replacement
78
polyethylene glycol
GoLytely Bowel Prep Osmotic Laxative
79
sildenafil
Viagra Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitor (for ED)
80
vardenafil
Levitra Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitor (for ED)
81
tadalafil
Cialis Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitor (for ED)
82
Epinephrine - EpiPen
Know how / when to use
83
epinephrine - Adrenaclick
Know how / when to use
84
Epinephrine - AuviQ
Know how / when to use
85
General for Antihypertensive Agents
Lifestyle Modifications : Weight control and DASH diet, moderate alcohol, reduce sodium intake, and smoke cessation if applicable. Encourage home blood pressure monitoring. Common SE: Dizziness.
86
General for HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
Take simvastatin and lovastatin in the evening: highest rate of cholesterol synthesis whle sleeping. Caution drinking grapefruit juice with simvastatin, lovastatin, and atorvastatin. Lifestyle modifications Repeat labs for months 1, 2, and 3: make sure that the medication is working at the current dose and check for changes in Liver enzymes. Common SE: Nausea/dyspepsia, Increased Liver enzymes, and Myalgia; Refer - normal SE, but make sure it is not due to a separate underlying issue.
87
General for Beta-Blockers
Key Points: * Monitor HR. * Do NOT discontinue abruptly. Side Effects: * Exercise intolerance * Sexual dysfunction * Fatigue
88
General for Calcium Channel Blockers
Key Points: * Monitor HR * Monitor BP Side Effects: * Edema - May add diuretic. * Fatigue * Constipation - Verapamil especially.
89
General for Diuretics
Key Points: * Monitor electrolytes. * Some are potassium sparing, some are potassium wasting. Side Effects: * Urinations - take early in day. * Photosensitivity * Possible rash
90
General for ACE-I
Key Points * Monitor electrolytes: raises potassium. * First-dose hypotensions: worse if dehydrated. Side Effects * Cough: may take up a while to develop, not dangerous, just annoying. Consider changing medications, OTC intervention. * Dizziness. * Angioedema: rare.
91
General for ARBs
Key Points * Monitor electrolytes. * First-dose hypotension: worse if dehydrated. Side Effects * Dizziness * Angioedema * Doesn't seem to cause cough like ACE-I
92
General for Insulins
Key Points * Encourage home BG monitoring: Therapy often will depen on / change due to what they report. * What to do if low BG: Sugar packet in lip. * Proper pen/vial technique and storage: If not using/unopened - fridge. If using/opened - good for about a month. * Find out what they know about their situation and reinforce what you see necessary. Side Effects * Hypoglycemia * Weight gain - likely.
93
General for Muscle Relaxants
Key Points * Not "pain relievers" really. * Avoid other CNS depressants: alcohol, benzodiazepines, antihistamines, etc. * Avoid abrupt withdrawal if using for a chronic issue. Side Effects - especially cyclobenzaprine * Dry mouth * Hypotension * Dizziness * Sedation - take at night. Caution driving, etc. Not so much a problem with tizanidine.
94
General for Opioids
Key Points * Abuse/dependance - Counseling technique. * _Avoid other CNS depressants_: alcohol, benzodiazepines, antihistamines, etc. * _APAP max dosing_ - around 3500mg/day. Side Effects * Sedation - caution driving, etc. * _Constipation_ - the big one. Counsel on prevention and what to do if it happens.
95
General for Antidepressants
Do NOT discontinue abruptly. Increases in Suicidal Ideation * Make sure they have followup appointment planned. * Bring up anything abnormal before then. * Relatively uncommon. * More comon in younger people. 4-6 Weeks for full effects - depression * Other issues may show improvement sooner. * Don't stop b/c you dont think it is working, or b/c you feel better. Possible Sedation * Ask how doctor recommended. Suggest morning trial dose to assess effects. * Except Bupropion and Fluoxetine. Sexual Dysfunction * Except Bupropion
96
General for SSRIs
Key Points * AM or PM depending on patient. * Start in morning, assess. * After 4-6 weeks, adjust dose if necessary. * Mention, may cause bleed risk with anti-coags. * CI with MAOIs. SE - Well tolerated, some may occur at first, then resolve. * Nausea * HA * Restlessness * Possible sexual dysfunction
97
General for Benzodiazepines
Usually prescribed for situational reasons. Can be used long term. Make sure to ask. Avoid other CNS depressants. Taper off if taking long term. SE * Somnolence/dizziness - caution. * Abuse. * Withdrawal * Antergograde Amnesia * May be used for this purpose; surgery, etc.
98
General for ADHD Medications
Dose depends on formulation. Time of day - not too late for second dose if BID. Make sure they know they will need new prescriptions. Monitor BP, HR, and height/weight for kids. Potential for dependency/abuse * Only use this for you. * Only use this the way you are supposed too. SE * Loss of appetitie * Insomnia * Irritability * HA * Nausea
99
General for SABAs
PRN - unless for specific things like exercise. Key Points * Inhalation technique * This is "for rescue" * If using more than two times per week, reevaluate maintenance SE - transient * HA * Tachycardia * Tremor/shakiness * Lightheadedness
100
General for Corticosteroids +/- LABA
BID Key Points * Rinse mouth after use. * Use it every day. * Inhalation technique SE - well tolerated, minimal systemic * Thrush/URI - may see Nystatin prescribed. * Cough/hoarseness * HA
101
General for Anticholinergic +/- SABA
Make sure they know how to use the inhalers May cause dry mouth, cough/hoarseness, bitter taste, URI.
102
General for Antibiotics
Take exactly how prescribed. Finish whole course, even if feeling better. May cause nausea/mild diarrhea. * Can take with food; avoid dairy with some. * Cipro Double-check allergies. c. diff risk - especially with broad spectrum. * May recommend probiotic.
103
Bowel Prep Osmotic Laxative
Read packet from prescriber and follow directions exatly - may differ from what is on the bottle. Do add water until it is time b/c it will only stay good for 48hrs once you do. Plan on not leaving the house once you start taking it - it will work well.
104
Latanoprost
Xalatan Once daily at night. Technique - Washa hands. Shake bottle. Tilt head back. Pull eye lid down. Add correct number of drops to pouch. Do not touch dropper to eye. Close eye for 2 minutes while applying pressure to inside corner. Close bottle right away. Washs hands again. SE: Mild irritation, blurred vision, eyelash growth, iris color change.
105
Tobramycin (Tobradex), Gentamicin (Gentak), Erythromycin (Romycin, Ilotycin)
Technique - Washa hands. Shake bottle. Tilt head back. Pull eye lid down. Add correct number of drops to pouch. Do not touch dropper to eye. Close eye for 2 minutes while applying pressure to inside corner. Close bottle right away. Wash hands again. Mild irritation and blurred vision.

Phar 722 Practice III (2 decks)

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