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IB Design Technology > Top 5- Innovation > Flashcards

Top 5- Innovation Flashcards

1
Q

Categories of Innovation (3)

A

Sustaining, Disruptive, Process

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2
Q

Roger’s characteristics of innovation and consumers (6)

A

Acronym: RACCOT (Relative advantage, complexity, compatibility, observability, trialability)

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3
Q

Innovation Strategies (7)

A

Acronym: AI ATTA CTP MP

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4
Q

Act of insight

A

Eureka moment- sudden image of a potential solution is formed in the mind, after thinking about a problem.

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5
Q

Adaptation

A

A solution to a problem in one field is used to provide a new idea for a design problem in another.

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6
Q

Analogy

A

An idea from one context is used to stimulate ideas for solving a problem in another context.

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7
Q

Chance

A

An unexpected discovery leads to a new idea

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8
Q

Technology transfer

A

Technological advances that form the basis of new designs may be applied to the development of different types of products/systems.

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9
Q

Technology push

A

Scientific research leads to advances in technology that underpin new ideas.

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10
Q

Market pull

A

A new idea is needed as a result of demand from the marketplace.

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11
Q

Lone inventor

A

An individual working outside/inside an org who is committed solely to the invention of a novel product.

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12
Q

Intellectual property (IP)

A

Intangible property; Creations of the mind used in a commercial setting

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13
Q

Patent

A

A govt. agreement to give someone the right to make/sell a new invention for a certain no. of yrs.

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14
Q

Trademarks

A

A symbol/word/words legally registered by use as representing a company or product.

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15
Q

Design protection

A

Simple and cost-effective way to protect an innovative shape, appearance, or ornamentation

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16
Q

Copyright

A

A legal right that grants the creator of an original work exclusive ownership for its use and distribution (limited time, within geographical boundaries).

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17
Q

Copyrights receive __________ for their intellectual effort

A

compensation/remuneration

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18
Q

Service mark

A

A trademark to identify a service

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19
Q

Shelved technology

A

Technology that is shelved. Sometimes shelved technologies will be rediscovered or taken off the shelf.

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20
Q

Innovation

A

Business of putting an invention in the marketplace and making it a success

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21
Q

Sustaining innovation

A

A new/improved product that meets the needs of consumers and sustains manufacturers

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22
Q

Disruptive innovation

A

A product or type of technology that challenges existing companies to ignore or embrace technical change.

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23
Q

Process innovation

A

An improvement in the org/manufacturing method leading to reduced costs or benefits to consumers

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24
Q

Innovation strategies for design (3)

A

Architectural, Modular, Configurational

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25
Q

Architectural innovation

A

The tech. of components stays the same, but the configuration changes to produce a new design.

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26
Q

Modular innovation

A

The basic configuration stays the same, but 1 or more key components are changed

27
Q

Configurational innovation

A

A change is made in both tech. and organization

28
Q

Innovation strategies for markets (2)

A

Diffusion, Suppression

29
Q

Diffusion

A

Process where a market will accept a new idea or product. The acceptance rate can be increased

30
Q

Suppression

A

Process where a new idea or adoption of a product by the market is actively slowed

31
Q

Product champion

A

An influential individual within an org, who develops enthusiasm for an idea/inventions and champions it in the org.

32
Q

Entrepreneur

A

An influential individual who can take an invention to market, by financing its development, production & diffusion.

33
Q

Multidisciplinary approach to innovation

A

The inventor is also the product champion and entrepreneur

34
Q

Stages of a Product Life Cycle (PLC)

A

Launch, Growth, Maturity/Saturation, Decline

35
Q

Launch

A

Slow sales and little profit

36
Q

Growth

A

Diffusion starts and sales expand

37
Q

Maturity

A

Sales peak but remain steady so max. profit is achieved.

38
Q

Decline

A

Market is saturated, sales start to reduce as well as profit

39
Q

Types of Obsolescence (4)

A

Planned, Functional, Style/Trend, Technological

40
Q

Planned Obsolescence

A

A product becomes outdated consciously either to ensure a continuing market or to ensure that safety factors and new tech. can be included into later versions of the product

41
Q

Style/Fashion Obsolescence

A

Fashions and trends change over time, which can result in a product no longer being desirable

42
Q

Functional Obsolescence

A

Over time, products wear and tear. If parts/related services are no longer available, the product can no longer work in the way it originally did.

43
Q

Technological Obsolescence

A

When a new tech. supersedes an existing tech., the existing tech. falls out of use quickly

44
Q

Product generations

A

A company releases a new group of products that have advanced features compared to an earlier group

45
Q

Product versioning

A

A company produces different models of the same product, and then charges different prices for each model.

46
Q

Product Bundling

A

Combining multiple products and selling the items as a package (eg. computer + software)

47
Q

Relative Advantage (Roger’s)

A

The degree to which a new product is superior to those already on the market.

48
Q

Compatibility

A

How compatible with the users lifestyle and environment

49
Q

Complexity

A

How difficult is it to learn how to use the innovation?

50
Q

Observability

A

How easy is it to see the product and the benefits of using it?

51
Q

Trialability

A

How easy is it for users to give it a test run or try before they commit?

52
Q

Social roots of consumerism (liv)

A

Lifestyle, Identity, Values

53
Q

Categories of Consumers

A

Acronym: I AM LOL (Innovators, Early adopters early majority, late majority, laggards)

54
Q

Innovators

A

Risk takers- first individuals to adopt an innovation

55
Q

Early adopters

A

Hedgers- Second fastest category to adopt an innovation

56
Q

Early majority

A

Waiters- Tend to take more time to consider adopting new innovations and draws from feedback before purchase

57
Q

Late majority

A

Skeptics- Adopts the innovation after it has been established in the market and is seldom willing to take risks

58
Q

Laggards

A

Slow pokes- Last to adopt the innovation, they prefer traditions and are unwilling to take risks

59
Q

TA

A

A specific group of people within the target market at which a product or the marketing message of a product is aimed at.

60
Q

Target market

A

When determining the target market, market sectors and segments need to be identified.

61
Q

Market Analysis

A

An appraisal of economic viability of the proposed design from a market perspective, taking into account costs and pricing.

62
Q

User need

A

The essential requirements that a product must satisfy in relation to the user

63
Q

Competitor

A

Any company or product that can fulfil similar functions for a similar market.

IB Design Technology (10 decks)

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