Top 300 Workshop Flashcards
1
Q
Labetalol
MOA
A
Adrenergic receptor blocking agent that possesses blocking activities for both nonselective, competitive beta-adrenergic receptors and selective, competitive a1 adrenergic receptors in a single substance
2
Q
Labetalol SE
A
Orthostatic Hypotension
Nasal Congestion
Bronchospasm
Hyperkalemia
3
Q
Labetalol Class and IND
A
Beta Blocker
HTN & HTN Crisis
4
Q
Verapamil class and ind
A
CCB
AFib/flutter
HTN
Angina
5
Q
Verapamil MOA
A
L-type calcium channel inhibitor (slow-channel blocker) that selectively blocks the transmembrane influx of calcium ions into arterial smooth muscles including conductible and contractile myocardial cells, without affecting the concentration of serum calcium.
6
Q
Verapamil SE
A
Edema
HypOtension
Constipation
HA
7
Q
Triamterene/HCTZ
C&I
A
Tri-Pot Sparing diuretic
HCTZ-Thiazide diuretic
Edema and Hypertension
8
Q
Triamterene/HCTZ MOA
A
Triamterene, a potassium-sparing diuretic, inhibits the reabsorption of sodium in exchange for potassium and hydrogen ions by exerting a direct effect on the distal renal tubule.
Hydrochlorothiazide is an antihypertensive and diuretic agent that affects the electrolyte reabsorption at the distal renal tubule resulting in increased excretion of sodium and chloride in equal amounts. The antihypertensive action of thiazides is still unknown
9
Q
Tri/HCTZ SE
A
Hyperkalemia hyperuricemia Hypotension, electrolyte abnormalties hyperglycemia
10
Q
Tri/HCTZ BBW
A
May cause hyperkalemia which if uncorrected can be fatal
11
Q
Valsartan Class and Ind
A
ARB
HTN
12
Q
Valsartan MOA
A
nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist (ARB), selective for the AT1 receptor
13
Q
Valsartan SE
A
Hypotension
Increase BUN, SCr
Angioedema
14
Q
BBW Valsartan
A
PREGGO
15
Q
Quinapril Class and Ind
A
ACE-I
HTN
16
Q
Quinapril MOA
A
Quinapril hydrochloride is rapidly converted to quinaprilat, an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, that prevents the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II which is a potent vasoconstrictor agent
17
Q
Quinapril SE
A
Hyperkalemia
angioedema
cough
18
Q
Quinapril BBW
A
PREGGO
19
Q
Ramipril Class and IND
A
ACE-I
HTN
20
Q
Ramipril MOA
A
an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, is metabolized to a more potent ramiprilat (active drug)
21
Q
Ramipril SE
A
Hyperkalemia
angioedema
cough
22
Q
Ramipril BBW
A
PREGGO
23
Q
Lisinopril class IND
A
ACE-I
HTN
24
Q
Lisinopril MOA
A
Lisinopril is a long-acting ACE inhibitor. ACE inhibition prevents the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, which is a potent vasoconstrictor
25
Lisinopril SE
Hyperkalemia
Angioedema
cough
26
Lisinopril BBW
PREGGO
27
Losartan class IND
ARB
| HTN
28
Losartan MOA
nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonist (ARB), selective for the AT1 receptor
29
Losartan SE
Hypotension
Increased BUN, SCr
Angioedema
30
Losartan BBW
PREGGO
31
Chlorthalidone Class IND
Thiazide Diuretic
Edema
HTN
32
Chlorthalidone MOA
Chlorthalidone is a long-acting, oral monosulfanyl diuretic with antihypertensive activity, acting on the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron. Sodium and water depletion appear to provide a basis for its antihypertensive effect
33
Chlorthalidone SE
Hyperuricemia
Toxic epidermal necrolysis
jaundice
34
Clonidine class IND
Alpha 2 agonist
HTN crisis
ADHD
35
Clonidine MOA
stimulates alpha 2-adrenergic receptors in the brain resulting in reduced sympathetic outflow from the CNS and decreased peripheral resistance, renal vascular resistance, heart rate, and blood pressure
36
Clonidine SE
```
Xerostomia
HA
Somnolence,
Pruritis
Fatigue
```
37
Clonidine BBW
Hemodynamic instability
Hypotension
Bradycardia
38
Enalapril Class IND
ACE-I
| HTN
39
Enalapril MOA
Enalapril maleate inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) after hydrolysis to enalaprilat.
40
Enalapril SE
Hyperkalemia
angioedema
cough
41
Enalapril BBW
PREGGO
42
Amlodipine Class IND
Dihydro-CCB
Stable Angina
Variant Angina
HTN
43
Amlodipine MOA
Amlodipine is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker that exerts its effect by blocking the transmembrane influx of calcium ions into cardiac and vascular smooth muscles
44
Amlodipine SE
```
Edema
Abdominal pain
nausea
fatigue
Somnolence
```
45
Benazepril class IND
ACE-I
| HTN
46
Benazepril MOA
Benazepril hydrochloride (prodrug) is hepatically cleaved to form its active drug benazeprilat, which is a more potent non-sulfhydryl angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor.
47
Benazepril SE
Hyperkalemia
Angioedema
cough
48
Benazepril BBW
PREGGO
49
HCTZ Class IND
Thiazide
| Edema HTN
50
HCTZ MOA
antihypertensive and diuretic agent that affects the electrolyte reabsorption at the distal renal tubule resulting in increased excretion of sodium and chloride in equal amounts. The antihypertensive action of thiazides is still unknown.
51
HCTZ SE
Hypotension
| hyperglycemia
52
Olmesartan Class IND
ARB
| HTN
53
Olmesartan MOA
Olmesartan blocks the vasoconstrictor effects of angiotensin II by selectively blocking the binding of angiotensin II to the AT1 receptor in vascular smooth muscle.
54
Olmesartan SE
Hypotension
| Renal Issues
55
Olmesartan BBW
PREGGO
56
Hydralazine Class IND
Vasodilators
Essential HTN
CHF
Preggo induced HTN
57
Hydralazine MOA
exhibiting a peripheral-vasodilating effect through a direct relaxation of vascular smooth muscle
58
Hydralazine SE
```
Ha
tachycardia
NVD
edema
Angina pectoris
```
59
Atorvastatin Class IND
Statins
| Hyperlipidemia
60
Atorvastatin MOA
selectively and competitively inhibits HMG-CoA reductase, a rate-limiting enzyme that converts 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A to mevalonate, a sterol and cholesterol precursor
61
Atorvastatin SE
Diarrhea
Rhabdomyolysis
Arthralgia
62
STATINS ARE CI IN
Preggo
63
Ezetimibe class IND
Cholesterol absorption inhibitor
Hyperlipidemia
Familial hypercholesterolemia
64
Ezetimibe MOA
Ezetimibe reduces blood cholesterol by acting at the brush border of the small intestine to inhibit the absorption of cholesterol, leading to a decrease in the delivery of intestinal cholesterol to the liver. This reduces hepatic cholesterol stores and increases the clearance of cholesterol from the blood
65
Fenofibrate class and IND
Fibrate
| Hyperlipidemia
66
Fenofibrate MOA
activation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha).
67
Fenofibrate SE
```
LFT abnormalties
abdominal pain
nausea
backache
rhabdomyolysis
```
68
Gemfibrozil class and ind
Fibrate
| Hyperlipidemia
69
Gemfibrozil MOA
exhibits its lipid-lowering effect mostly via stimulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha, which causes a decrease in triglyceride levels and an increase in high-density lipoprotein levels, with a modest decrease in low-density lipoprotein
70
Gemfibrozil SE
Abdominal pain
increase LFTs
drug-induced myopathy
rhabdomyolysis
71
Lovastatin Class and INd
Statin
| Hyperlipidemia
72
Lovastatin MOA
It prevents the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate which is rate limiting step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol.
73
Lovastatin SE
Diarrhea
rhabdomyolysis
arthralgia
74
Pravastatin Class IND
Statin
| Hyperlipidemia
75
Pravastatin MOA
It prevents the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate which is rate limiting step in the biosynthesis of cholesterol.
76
Pravastatin SE
Diarrhea
rhabdomyolysis
arthralgia
77
Omega-3-acid Ethyl Esters MOA
The mechanism of action is not entirely understood, however, possible mechanisms of action include the inhibition of acyl coenzyme A:1,2-diacylglycerol acyltransferase and increased peroxisomal beta-oxidation in the liver
78
Omega SE
Burping
Indegestion
Taste sense altered
79
Omega 3 Indication
Hypertriglyceridemia
80
Clopidogrel IND
Acute STEMI
Unstable angina
NSTEMI
81
Clopidogrel MOA
that inhibits platelet aggregation by selectively and irreversibly binding to the adenosine diphosphate (ADP) P2Y12 receptor on platelets
82
Clopidogrel SE
Bleeding
83
Clopidogrel BBW
Consider use of another platelet P2Y12 inhibitor in patients identified as CYP2C19 poor metabolizers
84
Dabigatran class IND
Direct thrombin inhibitor
VTE (treatment and prevention)
Nonvalvular AFib
Post-op thromboprophylaxis
85
Dabigatran SE
Dyspepsia
| bleeding
86
Dabigatran BBW
Thrombotic events
| Premature D/C increases risk for thrombotic events
87
Enoxaparin class and IND
LMWH
Prophylaxis of VTE
VTE/Unstable angina/NTEMI/ STEMI
Off-label: VTE in pregnancy
88
Enoxaparin MOA
Enoxaparin sodium is a low molecular weight heparin which has anti-factor Xa and anti-thrombin (anti-factor IIa) activities that confer antithrombotic properties
89
Enoxaparin SE
Bleeding, anemia, thrombocytopenia, increased LFTs, injection site rxn
90
Enoxaparin BBW
patients who have spinal or epidural anesthesia or spinal puncture carries an increased risk of bleeding and bruising. This bleeding and bruising may lead to long-term or permanent paralysis
91
Prasugrel class and IND
P2Y12 Inhibitor
| Percutaneous coronary intervention for ACS
92
Prasugrel MOA
Prasugrel is a thienopyridine which inhibits platelet activation and aggregation via irreversible inhibition of the platelet P2Y12 adenosine diphosphate (ADP) receptor
93
Prasugrel SE
Bleeding, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, AFib, bradyarrhythmia, neoplasm of colon
94
Prasugrel BBW
Prasugrel can cause significant and sometimes fatal bleeding. Do not use prasugrel in patients with active pathological bleeding or a history of transient ischemic attack or stroke.***
95
Rivaroxaban class and IND
Direct Xa inhibitor
DVT/PE treatment
Nonvalvular AFib
96
Rivaroxaban MOA
Rivaroxaban selectively inhibits factor Xa without the need of a cofactor (eg, anti-thrombin III) for activity
97
Rivaroxaban SE
Bleeding, syncope, drug withdrawal (Stroke, non-CNS embolism)
98
Rivaroxaban BBW
Premature discontinuation of any oral anticoagulant, including rivaroxaban, increases the risk of thrombotic events.
99
Warfarin class IND
Vit K anticoag
Thromboembolic complications (Prophylaxis and Tx)
MI
100
Isosorbide class IND
Vascular dilator
| Stable angina: Prophylaxis
101
Isosorbide MOA
It exerts its effect by relaxing vascular smooth muscles resulting in dilatation of peripheral arteries and veins, especially the veins.
102
Isosorbide SE
```
Hypotension
Edema
HF
MI
AFib
```
103
Nebivolol class and IND
Beta Blocker
| HTN Off-Label CHF
104
Nebivolol MOA
Nebivolol is a long-acting cardioselective beta-1 adrenoceptor antagonist without membrane stabilizing or intrinsic sympathomimetic activities
105
Nebivolol SE
NV
HA
Somnolence
106
Nitroglycerin class IND
Organic Nitrate Vasodilating Agent
| Prevention of MI and acute MI
107
Nitroglycerin MOA
Nitroglycerin, an organic nitrate, is a vasodilating agent that relieves tension on vascular smooth muscle and dilates peripheral veins and arteries. It increases guanosine 3'5' monophosphate (cyclic GMP) in smooth muscle and other tissues by stimulating guanylate cyclase through formation of free radical nitric oxide.
108
Nitroglycerin SE
Hypotension
Flushing
HA
109
Propranolol class IND
BetaBlocker
HTN
Essential Tremors
Migraines
110
Propranolol MOA
Propranolol hydrochloride is a nonselective beta-blocker that reduces chronotropic, inotropic and vasodilator responses to beta-adrenergic stimulation by competing for available binding sites that stimulate the beta-adrenergic receptors.
111
Propranolol SE
D/V, hypoglycemia, bronchospasms, withdrawal symptoms
112
Propranolol BBW
Dont stop abruptly, exacerbations of angina pectoris and MI have occured.
113
Digoxin Class IND
Cardiac glycosides
AFib HF
114
Digoxin MOA
Digoxin inhibits sodium-potassium ATPase, which increases intracellular sodium concentration leading to increased intracellular calcium concentration.
115
Digoxin SE
NV
HA
Mental Disorders
Thrombocytopenia
116
Diltiazem class IND
CCB
Atrial arrhythmia
HTN
PSV tachycardia
Stable Angina
117
Diltiazem MOA
Diltiazem hydrochloride is a slow calcium channel blocker that blocks calcium ion influx during depolarization of cardiac and vascular smooth muscle.
118
Diltiazem SE
Peripheral edema
Bradyarrhythmia
HA
119
Amiodarone class IND
Antiarrhythmic
Ventricular Arrhythmia (Tx and prophylaxis)
120
Amiodarone MOA
Amiodarone HCl is an antiarrhythmic drug with predominant class III effects of lengthening cardiac action potential and blocking myocardial potassium channels leading to slowed conduction and prolonged refractoriness
121
Amiodarone SE
Hypotension, photosensitivity, visual disturbance, pulmonary toxicity, blue/grey skin
122
Amiodarone BBW
serious lung problems, liver problems, worsening of your irregular heart rate, and loss of vision
** its all of the monitoring parameters
123
Atenolol Class and IND
Beta blocker
HTN
Acute MI
Angina Pectoris
124
Atenolol MOA
Atenolol is a synthetic beta(1)-selective adrenoreceptor blocking agent without membrane stabilizing or intrinsic sympathomimetic activities.
125
Atenolol SE
Bradyarrhythmia, hypotension, fatigue, depression, withdrawal symptoms
126
Bisoprolol class IND
Beta Blocker
HTN Angina pectoris CHF AFib
127
Bisoprolol MOA
cardioselective inhibitor of beta(1)-adrenoceptor, has no significant intrinsic sympathomimetic activity or membrane stabilizing activity in its therapeutic dosage. It also exhibits beta(2)-adrenoceptor inhibition and a negative chronotropic effect
128
Bisoprolol SE
D/HA
| fatigue
129
Carvedilol class IND
Beta Blocker
HTN HF
Impaired left ventricular function
MI
130
Carvedilol MOA
nonselective beta-adrenergic blocking agent with alpha 1-adrenergic blocking activity and no intrinsic sympathomimetic activity
131
Carvedilol SE
Bradyarrhythmia, hypotension, peripheral edema, fatigue, ED
132
Furosemide Class IND
Loop Diuretic
CHF-edema
HTN
Pulmonary edema
Ascites
133
Furosemide MOA
potent diuretic that works by blocking the absorption of sodium and chloride in the kidney tubules (proximal and distal tubules, also in the loop of Henle), causing a profound increase in urine output
134
Furosemide SE
Electrolyte abnormalities, orthostatic hypotension, hyperuricemia
135
Furosemide BBW
if given in excessive amounts, can lead to a profound diuresis with water and electrolyte depletion
136
Metoprolol Succinate or Tartrate Class IND
Beta Blocker
HTN
Angina Pectoris
CHF
137
Metoprolol MOA
beta-adrenergic blocker with selective activity on beta-1 adrenoreceptors located mainly in cardiac muscles
138
Metoprolol SE
Bradyarrhythmia, hypotension, depression, fatigue, withdrawal symptoms
139
Spirinolactone Class IND
```
Aldosterone receptor Antagonist
Cirrhosis of liver- edema
Edema
Hyperaldosteronism
HTN-add on
HF
```
140
SpirinolactoneMOA
inhibits the effect of aldosterone by competing for the aldosterone-dependent sodium-potassium exchange site in the distal tubule cells. This increases the secretion of water and sodium, while decreasing the excretion of potassium
141
Spirinolactone SE
Gynecomastia, N/V/D, disorders of menstruation, ED, hyperkalemia
142
Valsartan/sacubitril IND
HTN
143
Valsartan/sacubitril MOA
Sacubitril is a prodrug metabolized to the active metabolite LBQ657, which inhibits neprilysin, thereby increasing levels of peptides (such as natriuretic peptides). Valsartan is an angiotensin receptor blocker that selectively blocks the AT1 receptor and inhibits angiotensin-II dependent aldosterone release
144
Valsartan/sacubitril SE
Hypotension, hyperkalemia, angioedema, dizziness
145
Valsartan/sacubitril BBW
PREGGO
146
Apixaban class IND
Factor Xa inhibitor
AFib
DVT (Tx and Prophylaxis)
147
Apixaban MOA
reversible and selective active site inhibitor of free and clot-bound FXa, resulting in decreased thrombin generation and thrombus formation.
148
Apixaban SE
Bleeding
| Hematoma
149
Apixaban BBW
Premature discontinuation of apixaban or any oral anticoagulant increases the risk of thrombotic events
150
Candesartan class IND
ARB
HTN
151
Candesartan MOA
angiotensin II receptor antagonist (ARB), selective for the AT1 receptor.
152
Candesartan SE
Hypotension, backache, dizziness
153
Candesartan BBW
PREGGO
154
Edoxaban class IND
Factor Xa inhibitor
AFib
DVT Prophylaxis
Pulmonary embolism
155
Edoxaban MOA
selective inhibitor of factor Xa, reduces generation of thrombin and thrombus formation by inhibiting free factor Xa, prothrombinase activity, and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation
156
Edoxaban SE
Rash, bleeding, anemia
157
Edoxaban BBW
Edoxaban should not be used in patients with nonvalvular arterial fibrillation who have a CrCl greater than 95 mL/min due to an increased risk of ischemic stroke. Premature discontinuation of oral anticoagulant therapy may increase the risk of ischemic events.
158
Fosinopril class IND
ACE-I
HTN
159
Fosinopril MOA
an ester prodrug of a specific and competitive angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, fosinoprilat.
160
Fosinopril SE
Hypotension, hyperkalemia, cough, angioedema
161
Fosinopril BBW
PREGGO
162
Irbesartan class IND
ARB
HTN
163
Irbesartan MOA
nonpeptide angiotensin II antagonist that selectively blocks the binding of angiotensin II to the AT 1 receptor
164
Irbesartan SE
Diarrhea, HA, angioedema
165
Irbesartan BBW
PREGGO`
166
Albuterol MOA
R-albuterol binds to beta-2-receptors in the bronchioles thereby leading to bronchodilation
167
Albuterol SE
Tachycardia, Tremors, Nervousness, nausea, hypokalemia
168
Albuterol IND
Asthma, Bronchospasm, excercise-induced asthma
169
Beclomethasone MOA
Multifactorial that reduces production of the enzyme, phospholipase A2 causing release of arachidonic acid that can increase production of pro-inflammatory mediators
170
Beclomethasone SE
NV, HA, sore throat, stuffy nose, cough, dryness, thrush
171
Beclomethasone IND
Asthma
172
Budesonide/formoterol MOA
Budesonide-glucocorticoid/mineralcorticoid activity, reduces inflammation
Formoterol- Binds to beta 2 receptors in the bronchioles to increase cAMP that cause a reduction in intracellular calcium leading to less actin and myosin interaction therebv leading to bronchodilation.
173
Budesonide/formeterol SE
Cough, Oral pharyngeal candidiasis, HA, nausea, tremors, nervousness, decreased growth velocity
174
Budesonide/formeterol IND
Asthma COPD
175
Fluticasone MOA
Corticosteroid-Multifactorial that reduces production of the enzyme, phospholipase A2 causing release of arachidonic acid that can increase production of pro-inflammatory mediators
176
Fluticasone SE
Irritation and burning to nasal passage, nosebleeds
177
Fluticasone IND
Allergic rhinitis, nasal polyps, non-allergic rhinitis
178
Fluticasone/Salmeterol MOA
Fluticasone-Corticosteroid ^
Salmeterol-Binds to beta 2 receptors in the bronchioles to increase cAMP that cause a reduction in intracellular calcium leading to less actin and myosin interaction thereby leading to bronchodilation.
179
Fluticasone/Salmeterol SE
HA, pharyngitis, nausea, oral candidiasis
180
Fluticasone/Salmeterol IND
Asthma, COPD
181
Ipratroprium bromide/Albuterol MOA
Binds to peripheral muscarinin antagonist and to beta-2-receptors in the bronchioles to increase cAMP that cause a reduction in intracellular calcium leading to less actin and myosin interaction thereby leading to bronchodilation.
182
Ipratroprium bromide/Albuterol SE
Tachycardia, bronchitis, cough, nausea, tremor, glaucoma
183
Ipratroprium bromide/Albuterol IND
COPD
| Off-label: ACute asthma exacerbation
184
Levalbuterol MOA
Binds to beta 2 receptors in the bronchioles to increase cAMP that cause a reduction in intracellular calcium leading to less actin and myosin interaction therebv leading to bronchodilation.
185
Mometasone MOA
Multifactorial that reduces production of the enzyme, phospholipase A2 causing release of arachidonic acid that can increase production of pro-inflammatory mediators
186
Mometasone SE
Irritation and burning to nasl passage, nosebleeds
187
Mometasone IND
Allergic rhinitis, Nasal polyps, Non-allergic rhinitis
188
Montelukast MOA
Multifactorial that reduces production of the enzyme, phospholipase A2 causing release of arachidonic acid that can increase production of pro-inflammatory mediators
189
Montelukast SE
Dizziness, HA, fatigue, dyspepsia
190
Montelukast IND
Allergic rhinitis, Asthma, Exercise-induced asthma
191
Tiotropium Bromide MOA
Binds to peripheral muscarinin antagonist and to beta-2-receptors in the bronchioles to increase cAMP that cause a reduction in intracellular calcium leading to less actin and myosin interaction thereby leading to bronchodilation.
192
Tiotropium Bromide SE
Tachycardia, bronchitis, cough, nausea, tremor, glaucoma
193
Tiotropium Bromide IND
Asthma COPD
194
Budesonide MOA
Multifactorial that reduces production of the enzyme, phospholipase A2 causing release of arachidonic acid that can increase production of pro-inflammatory mediators
195
Budesonide SE
Cough, thrush, HA, nausea
196
Budesonide IND
Asthma, COPD, Eosinophilc esophagitis
