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PHMD 201A > Top 200 Drugs Group 2 > Flashcards

Top 200 Drugs Group 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Drug class of atorvastatin

A

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor

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2
Q

Brand name of atorvastatin

A

Lipitor

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3
Q

Indication of atorvastatin

A

1) Primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
2) Secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with or at high risk for CAD
3) Familial hypercholesterolemia (homozygous or heterozygous)

Off label: Post heart or post renal transplantation

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4
Q

General mechanism of action for atorvastatin

A

competitively inhibit conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate (early rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis), increase in LDL receptors which bind and remove circulating LDL-cholesterol

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5
Q

Brigg’s Pregnancy Recommendation of atorvastatin

A

contraindicated - 1st trimester

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6
Q

Contraindications of atorvastatin

A

Hypersensitivity to atorvastatin
use in breastfeeding
active liver disease
unexplained persistent elevations of serum transaminases
(drug-drug interaction CYP inhibitors/inducers)

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7
Q

Key patient counseling points for atorvastatin

A

Avoid excessive alcohol, grapefruit, and grapefruit juice
Atorvastatin does not take the place of lifestyle changes (diet, exercise) to lower cholesterol levels
Notify HCP if unexplained muscle tenderness or weakness occurs.
may increase blood sugar

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8
Q

Box warnings of atorvastatin

A

none

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9
Q

Drug class of dapagliflozin

A

Antidiabetic Agent, Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitor

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10
Q

Brand name of dapagliflozin

A

Farxiga

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11
Q

Indications of dapagliflozin

A

1) Diabetes mellitus, type 2
2) Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
3) Chronic kidney disease

Off-label: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

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12
Q

General mechanism of action for dapagliflozin

A

inhibits SGLT2 in proximal renal tubes, which reduces reabsorption of filtered glucose from the tubular lumen

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13
Q

Brigg’s pregnancy recommendation for dapagliflozin

A

no human data - animal data suggests low risk

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14
Q

Contraindications for dapagliflozin

A

severe renal impairment
(avoid in combination w/ DPP4s)

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15
Q

Box warnings for dapagliflozin

A

none

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16
Q

Key patient counseling points for dapagliflozin

A

Take before the first meal of the day to help reduce post-meal hyperglycemia
Be aware of symptoms of dehydration (dizziness, low BP, decreased urination), and urinary tract infections and report to HCP.
can increase urination so take in the morning

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17
Q

Drug class of dulaglutide

A

Antidiabetic Agent, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP1) Receptor Agonist

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18
Q

Brand name of dulaglutide

A

Trulicity

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19
Q

Indication of dulaglutide

A

1) Diabetes mellitus, type 2

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20
Q

General mechanism of action of dulaglutide

A

agonist of human glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor and increases glucose-dependent insulin secretion and slows gastric emptying

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21
Q

Brigg’s pregnancy recommendation for dulaglutide

A

no human data - animal data suggest low risk

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22
Q

Contraindications for dulaglutide

A

1) Family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma
2) MEN2

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23
Q

Box warnings for dulaglutide

A

risk of thyroid cancers

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24
Q

Key patient counseling points for dulaglutide

A

SQ injection into upper arm, thigh, or abdomen, rotating injection sites
Administer weekly on the same day with or without food, can change administration day as long as 3 days have passed
Separate from insulin injections
Keep refrigerated, stable at room temp for 14 days
Be aware of symptoms of thyroid cancer (lump in neck, trouble breathing or swallowing) and kidney problems (decreased urination, blood in urine) and report to HCP.

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25
Q

Drug class for empagliflozin

A

antidiabetic agent, Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitor

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26
Q

Brand name for empagliflozin

A

Jardiance

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27
Q

Indication for empagliflozin

A

1) diabetes mellitus
2) chronic kidney disease
3) heart failure

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28
Q

General mechanism of action for empagliflozin

A

inhibits SGLT2 in proximal renal tubes, which reduces reabsorption of filtered glucose from the tubular lumen

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29
Q

Briggs pregnancy recommendation for empagliflozin

A

avoid

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30
Q

Contraindications for empagliflozin

A

hypersensitivity to empagliflozin

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31
Q

Box warnings for empagliflozin

A

none

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32
Q

Key patient counseling points for empagliflozin

A

Take before the first meal of the day to help reduce post-meal hyperglycemia
Be aware of symptoms of dehydration (dizziness, low BP, decreased urination), and urinary tract infections and report to HCP.
can increase urination so take in the morning

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33
Q

Drug class of ezetimibe

A

Antihyperlipidemic, Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor

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34
Q

Brand name of ezetimibe

A

Zetia

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35
Q

Indications of ezetimibe

A

1) Familial hypercholesterolemia-homozygous, with atorvastatin or simvastatin
2) Mixed hyperlipidemia
3) Primary hypercholesterolemia

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36
Q

General mechanism of action of ezetimibe

A

localizes at the brush border of the small intestine and inhibits the absorption of cholesterol, leading to a decrease in the delivery of intestinal cholesterol to the liver. This causes a reduction of hepatic cholesterol stores and an increase in clearance of cholesterol from the blood; this distinct mechanism is complementary to that of statins and of fenofibrate.

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37
Q

Briggs Pregnancy Recommendation of ezetimibe

A

Limited human data—animal data suggest moderate risk

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38
Q

Contraindications of ezetimibe

A

Hypersensitivity to ezetimibe
gallbladder disease
severe hepatic dysfunction
concurrent use with a statin in a pregnant or nursing mother

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39
Q

Box warnings of ezetimibe

A

none

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40
Q

Key patient counseling points for ezetimibe

A

Take with or without food and may be taken at the same time as a concurrent statin. In patients receiving a bile acid sequestrant concurrently, ezetimibe should be taken at least 2 h before or 4 h after the bile acid sequestrant is taken.

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41
Q

Drug class of fenofibrate

A

Antihyperlipidemic

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42
Q

Brand name of fenofibrate

A

Antara, Fenoglide, Lipofen, Lofibra, Tricor, Trilipix

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43
Q

Indications of fenofibrate

A

Hypertriglyceridemia, Frederickson types 4 and 5 hyperlipidemia

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44
Q

General mechanism of action of fenofibrate

A

Fibric acid derivatives activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), which increases lipolysis and elimination of triglyceride-rich particles from plasma by activating lipoprotein lipase and reducing production of apoprotein C-III (an inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase activity). The resulting fall in triglycerides produces an alteration in the size and composition of LDL from small, dense particles to large buoyant particles. These larger particles have a greater affinity for cholesterol receptors and are catabolized rapidly.

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45
Q

Briggs Pregnancy Recommendation of fenofibrate

A

Limited human data—animal data suggest risk

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46
Q

Contraindications of fenofibrate

A

Hypersensitivity, gallbladder disease, severe renal or hepatic dysfunction, nursing mothers

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47
Q

Box warnings of fenofibrate

A

none

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48
Q

Key patient counseling points for fenofibrate

A

Fenoglide tablets and Lipofen R capsules should be given with food; others can be taken without food. Take 1 h before or 4-6 h after a bile acid binding resin. Products are not interchangeable. Do not use if you have severe kidney disease or liver disease.

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49
Q

Drug class of gemfibrozil

A

Antihyperlipidemic, Fibric Acid

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50
Q

Brand name of gemfibrozil

A

Lopid

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51
Q

Indications of gemfibrozil

A

1) Coronary arteriosclerosis; prophylaxis-familial combined hyperlipidemia
2) Familial type V hyperlipoproteinemia-Fredrickson type IV hyperlipoproteinemia

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52
Q

General mechanism of action of gemfibrozil

A

Fibric acid derivatives activate PPAR-α, which increases lipolysis and elimination of triglyceride-rich particles from plasma by activating lipoprotein lipase and reducing production of apoprotein C-III (an inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase activity). Activation of PPAR-α also induces an increase in the synthesis of apoproteins A-I and A-II and HDL-cholesterol.

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53
Q

Briggs Pregnancy Recommendation of gemfibrozil

A

Limited human data—animal data suggest risk

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54
Q

Contraindications of gemfibrozil

A

Hypersensitivity to gemfibrozil, concurrent repaglinide or simvastatin, gallbladder disease, severe renal or hepatic dysfunction
(not with statin)

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55
Q

Box warnings of gemfibrozil

A

none

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56
Q

Key patient counseling points of gemfibrozil

A

Take 30 min before breakfast and dinner. Instruct patient to report signs/symptoms of rhabdomyolysis, jaundice (yellowing of skin or eyes), or renal failure.

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57
Q

Drug class of glimepiride

A

Second-Generation Sulfonylurea, Antidiabetic

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58
Q

Brand name of glimepiride

A

Amaryl

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59
Q

Indication of glimepiride

A

1) Diabetes mellitus, type 2

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60
Q

General mechanism of action of glimepiride

A

enhance insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells, potentiate insulin action on several extrahepatic tissues
Long-term sulfonylureas increase peripheral utilization of glucose, suppress hepatic gluconeogenesis, and possibly increase the sensitivity and/or number of peripheral insulin receptors.

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61
Q

Briggs Pregnancy Recommendation of glimepiride

A

Limited human data—animal data suggest low risk

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62
Q

Contraindications of glimepiride

A

Hypersensitivity to sulfonylureas, diabetic ketoacidosis

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63
Q

Box warnings of glimepiride

A

none

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64
Q

Key patient counseling points of glimepiride

A

Monitor blood glucose in frequent intervals (2-4 times per d); if <70 mg/dL, eat candy or sugar and contact HCP, Take with food or milk in the morning, Use a sunscreen and avoid sunlamps and tanning beds. Do not drink alcohol; may cause a disulfiram reaction.

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65
Q

Drug class for glipizide

A

Second-Generation Sulfonylurea, Antidiabetic

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66
Q

Brand name for glipizide

A

Glucotrol

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67
Q

Indication for glipizide

A

Diabetes mellitus

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68
Q

General mechanism of action for glipizide

A

enhance insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells and potentiate insulin action on several extrahepatic tissues
Long-term sulfonylureas increase peripheral utilization of glucose, suppress hepatic gluconeogenesis, and possibly increase the sensitivity and/or number of peripheral insulin receptors.

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69
Q

Briggs pregnancy recommendation for glipizide

A

Limited human data—animal data suggest low risk

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70
Q

Contraindications for glipizide

A

1) Hypersensitivity to sulfonylureas
2) diabetic ketoacidosis
3) type 1 diabetes

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71
Q

Box warnings for glipizide

A

none

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72
Q

Key patient counseling points for glipizide

A

Monitor blood glucose in frequent intervals (2-4 times per d); if <70 mg/dL, eat candy or sugar and contact HCP.
Use a sunscreen and avoid sunlamps and tanning beds.
Do not drink alcohol; may cause a disulfiram reaction.
Take 30 min before morning meal.
Do not chew or crush extended-release formulation.

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73
Q

Drug class for insulin aspart

A

rapid acting insulin

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74
Q

Brand name for insulin aspart

A

Novolog (orange box)

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75
Q

Indication for insulin aspart

A

1) diabetes mellitus, type 1 and 2

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76
Q

General mechanism of action for insulin aspart

A

promotes cellular uptake of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids, and their conversion to glycogen, triglycerides, and proteins.

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77
Q

Briggs pregnancy recommendation for insulin aspart

A

compatible

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78
Q

Contraindications for insulin aspart

A

1) hypersensitivity
2) hypoglycemic episode

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79
Q

Box warnings for insulin aspart

A

none

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80
Q

Key patient counseling points for insulin aspart

A

Monitor blood glucose in frequent intervals (2-4 times/d); if <70 mg/dL, eat non–sugar-free candy, glucose tablets, or drink a glass of juice and contact prescriber.
Store unopened vials in refrigerator.
Keep open vials at room temperature if it is painful to inject cold insulin.
Dispose needles in sharps container.
Do not share needles (risk of transmission of infectious diseases).
Rotate injection sites.

81
Q

Drug class for insulin degludec

A

long acting insulin

82
Q

Brand name for insulin degludec

A

Tresiba

83
Q

Indication for insulin degludec

A

1) diabetes mellitus

84
Q

General mechanism of action for insulin degludec

A

promotes cellular uptake of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids, and their conversion to glycogen, triglycerides, and proteins.

85
Q

Briggs pregnancy recommendation for insulin degludec

A

compatible

86
Q

Contraindications for insulin degludec

A

1) hypersensitivity
2) hypoglycemic episode

87
Q

Box warnings for insulin degludec

A

none

88
Q

Key patient counseling points for insulin degludec

A

Monitor blood glucose in frequent intervals (2-4 times/d); if <70 mg/dL, eat non–sugar-free candy, glucose tablets, or drink a glass of juice and contact prescriber.
Store unopened vials in refrigerator.
Keep open vials at room temperature if it is painful to inject cold insulin.
Dispose needles in sharps container.
Do not share needles (risk of transmission of infectious diseases).
Rotate injection sites.

89
Q

Drug class for insulin glargine

A

long acting insulin

90
Q

Brand name for insulin glargine

A

Lantus

91
Q

Indications for insulin glargine

A

1) diabetes mellitus

92
Q

General mechanism of action for insulin glargine

A

promotes cellular uptake of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids, and their conversion to glycogen, triglycerides, and proteins.

93
Q

Briggs pregnancy recommendation for insulin glargine

A

compatible

94
Q

Contraindications for insulin glargine

A

1) hypersensitivity
2) hypoglycemic episode

95
Q

Box warnings for insulin glargine

A

none

96
Q

Key patient counseling points for insulin glargine

A

Monitor blood glucose in frequent intervals (2-4 times/d); if <70 mg/dL, eat non–sugar-free candy, glucose tablets, or drink a glass of juice and contact prescriber.
Store unopened vials in refrigerator.
Keep open vials at room temperature if it is painful to inject cold insulin.
Dispose needles in sharps container.
Do not share needles (risk of transmission of infectious diseases).
Rotate injection sites.

97
Q

Drug class of insulin human

A

short acting insulin

98
Q

Brand name of insulin human

A

Humulin R

99
Q

Indication of insulin human

A

1) diabetes mellitus

100
Q

General mechanism of action for insulin human

A

promotes cellular uptake of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids, and their conversion to glycogen, triglycerides, and proteins.

101
Q

Briggs pregnancy recommendation for insulin human

A

compatible

102
Q

Contraindications of insulin human

A

1) hypersensitivity
2) hypoglycemic episode

103
Q

Box warnings of insulin human

A

none

104
Q

Key patient counseling points of insulin human

A

Monitor blood glucose in frequent intervals (2-4 times/d); if <70 mg/dL, eat non–sugar-free candy, glucose tablets, or drink a glass of juice and contact prescriber.
Store unopened vials in refrigerator.
Keep open vials at room temperature if it is painful to inject cold insulin.
Dispose needles in sharps container.
Do not share needles (risk of transmission of infectious diseases).
Rotate injection sites.

105
Q

Drug class of insulin isophane human

A

intermediate acting insulin

106
Q

Brand name of insulin isophane human

A

Humulin N

107
Q

Indications of insulin isophane human

A

1) diabetes mellitus

108
Q

General mechanism of action of insulin isophane human

A

promotes cellular uptake of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids, and their conversion to glycogen, triglycerides, and proteins.

109
Q

Briggs pregnancy recommendation of insulin isophane human

A

compatible

110
Q

Contraindications of insulin isophane human

A

1) hypersensitivity
2) hypoglycemic episode

111
Q

Box warnings of insulin isophane human

A

none

112
Q

Key patient counseling points of insulin isophane human

A

Monitor blood glucose in frequent intervals (2-4 times/d); if <70 mg/dL, eat non–sugar-free candy, glucose tablets, or drink a glass of juice and contact prescriber.
Store unopened vials in refrigerator.
Keep open vials at room temperature if it is painful to inject cold insulin.
Dispose needles in sharps container.
Do not share needles (risk of transmission of infectious diseases).
Rotate injection sites.

113
Q

Drug class of insulin lispro

A

rapid acting insulin

114
Q

Brand name of insulin lispro

A

Humalog

115
Q

Indications of insulin lispro

A

1) diabetes mellitus

116
Q

General mechanism of action of insulin lispro

A

promotes cellular uptake of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids, and their conversion to glycogen, triglycerides, and proteins.

117
Q

Briggs pregnancy recommendation for insulin lispro

A

compatible

118
Q

Contraindications for insulin lispro

A

1) hypersensitivity
2) hypoglycemic episode

119
Q

Box warnings for insulin lispro

A

none

120
Q

Key patient counseling points for insulin lispro

A

Monitor blood glucose in frequent intervals (2-4 times/d); if <70 mg/dL, eat non–sugar-free candy, glucose tablets, or drink a glass of juice and contact prescriber.
Store unopened vials in refrigerator.
Keep open vials at room temperature if it is painful to inject cold insulin.
Dispose needles in sharps container.
Do not share needles (risk of transmission of infectious diseases).
Rotate injection sites.

121
Q

Drug class of liraglutide

A

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1-Receptor Agonist

122
Q

Brand name of liraglutide

A

Victoza, Saxenda

123
Q

Indications of liraglutide

A

1) Diabetes mellitus type 2
2) Chronic weight management

124
Q

General mechanism of action of liraglutide

A

Analog of glucagon-like peptide-1, which increases glucose-dependent insulin secretion, decreases inappropriate glucagon secretion, slows gastric emptying, and increases satiety.

125
Q

Briggs Pregnancy Recommendation of liraglutide

A

No human data—animal data suggest risk

126
Q

Contraindications of liraglutide

A

Hypersensitivity, multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2, history or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma

127
Q

Box warnings of liraglutide

A

Increased risk of thyroid cancer

128
Q

Key patient counseling points of liraglutide

A

Monitor blood glucose periodically (typically daily, more frequently if administered with sulfonylurea or insulin). If <70 mg/dL, eat non–sugar-free candy, glucose tablets, or drink a glass of juice and contact prescriber. Administer in upper arm, thigh, or abdomen. Change needle for each injection; do not share pens, even if needle is changed. If also using insulin, administer with separate injection in a nonadjacent area. Can be injected without regard to meals.

129
Q

Drug class of lovastatin

A

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor

130
Q

Brand name of lovastatin

A

Altoprev

131
Q

Indications of lovastatin

A

1) Coronary arteriosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia, primary and mixed
2) Familial hypercholesterolemia, heterozygous

132
Q

General mechanism of action of lovastatin

A

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors competitively inhibit conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, an early rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis.

133
Q

Briggs Pregnancy Recommendation of lovastatin

A

Contraindicated—1st trimester

134
Q

Contraindications of lovastatin

A

Hypersensitivity to lovastatin
active liver disease
use in breastfeeding
concomitant use with strong CYP3A4/5 inhibitors
unexplained persistent elevation of liver enzymes

135
Q

Box warnings of lovastatin

A

none

136
Q

Drug class of metformin

A

Biguanide, Hypoglycemic

137
Q

Brand name of metformin

A

Glucophage

138
Q

Indication of metformin

A

1) diabetes mellitus, type 2

139
Q

General mechanism of action of metformin

A

reduces hepatic glucose production and enhances glucose utilization by muscle

140
Q

Briggs pregnancy recommendation for metformin

A

Human data suggest low risk

141
Q

Contraindications of metformin

A

1)Hypersensitivity to metformin
2) contrast media
3) eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2
4) metabolic acidosis

142
Q

Box warnings of metformin

A

lactic acidosis

143
Q

Key patient counseling points for metformin

A

Take with meals, helps avoid GI side effects
Drink plenty of liquids to improve elimination of metformin. Avoid alcohol; this increases the risk of lactic acidosis.
Watch for B12 deficiency

144
Q

Drug class for metformin/sitagliptin

A

Biguanide/DPP-4 inhibitor

145
Q

Brand name for metformin/sitagliptin

A

JanumetI

146
Q

Indications for metformin/sitagliptin

A

1) diabetes mellitus, type 2

147
Q

General mechanism of action for metformin/sitaglitpin

A

Inhibit breakdown of incretin hormones responsible for stimulating pancreas to produce insulin - increase insulin to help control blood sugar; also signals liver to stop producing sugar when blood sugar is high; reduce sugar absorbed by stomach and produced by liver

148
Q

Briggs pregnancy recommendation for metformin/sitagliptin

A

no good data, use with caution

149
Q

Contraindications for metformin/sitagliptin

A

Renal dysfunction
Metabolic acidosis

150
Q

Box warnings for metformin/sitagliptin

A

lactic acidosis

151
Q

Key patient counseling points for metformin/sitagliptin

A

Can cause lactic acidosis, pancreatitis; side effects include hypoglycemia, kidney problems, joint pain

152
Q

Drug class for pioglitazone

A

Thiazolidinedione Antidiabetic

153
Q

Brand name for pioglitazone

A

Actos

154
Q

Indication for pioglitazone

A

1) diabetes mellitus

off label: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

155
Q

General mechanism of action for pioglitazone

A

peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonist used to improve insulin sensitivity in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2
Insulin-dependent glucose disposal in skeletal muscle is improved and hepatic glucose production is decreased

156
Q

Briggs pregnancy recommendation for pioglitazone

A

No human data—animal data suggest moderate risk

157
Q

Contraindications for pioglitazone

A

1) Hypersensitivity to pioglitazone
2) NYHA III/IV heart failure

158
Q

Box warnings for pioglitazone

A

heart failure risk

159
Q

Key patient counseling points for pioglitazone

A

Monitor blood glucose in frequent intervals (2-4 times per d). May take without regard to food.
May require several weeks for maximum effect.
Seek care for bone pain, yellowing of skin or eyes, eye pain, or shortness of breath.

160
Q

Drug class for pravastatin

A

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor

161
Q

Brand name for pravastatin

A

Pravachol

162
Q

Indications for pravastatin

A

1) Cerebrovascular accident (prevention), coronary arteriosclerosis (primary or secondary prevention)
2) Familial hypercholesterolemia
3) Hyperlipidemia

163
Q

General mechanism of action for pravastatin

A

competitively inhibit conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, an early rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis
increase in LDL receptors, which bind and remove circulating LDL-cholesterol
Production of LDL-cholesterol decreases because of decreased production of VLDL-cholesterol or increased VLDL removal by LDL receptors.

164
Q

Briggs pregnancy recommendation for pravastatin

A

Weigh risks and benefits

165
Q

Contraindications for pravastatin

A

1) Hypersensitivity to pravastatin
2) use in breastfeeding
3) active liver disease

166
Q

Box warnings for pravastatin

A

none

167
Q

Key patient counseling points for pravastatin

A

Take in the evening.
Avoid concurrent heavy alcohol use.
Pravastatin does not take the place of diet and exercise to lower cholesterol levels.
(drug-drug interactions with CYP inhibitors/inducers)
monitor for muscle pain/weakness

168
Q

Drug class for rosuvastatin

A

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor

169
Q

Brand name for rosuvastain

A

Crestor, Ezallor

170
Q

Indications for rosuvastatin

A

1) Hyperlipidemia, prevention of cardiovascular disease
2) Familial hypercholsterolemia

171
Q

General mechanism of action for rosuvastatin

A

competitively inhibit conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, an early rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis
increase in LDL receptors, which bind and remove circulating LDL-cholesterol
Production of LDL-cholesterol decreases because of decreased production of VLDL-cholesterol or increased VLDL removal by LDL receptors.

172
Q

Briggs Pregnancy recommendation for rosuvastatin

A

Weigh risks and benefits

173
Q

Contraindications for rosuvastatin

A

1) Hypersensitivity to rosuvastatin
2) active liver disease
3) use in breastfeeding

174
Q

Box warnings for rosuvastatin

A

none

175
Q

Key patient counseling points for rosuvastatin

A

Do not drink alcohol.
Rosuvastatin does not take the place of diet and exercise to lower cholesterol levels.
May be taken without regard for food.
monitor for muscle pain/weakness

176
Q

Drug class for semaglutide

A

Glucagon Like Peptide 1 (GLP1) receptor agonist

177
Q

Brand name for semaglutide

A

Ozempic, Wegovy, Rybelsus

178
Q

Indication for semaglutide

A

1) diabetes mellitus, type 2
2) weight loss

179
Q

General mechanism of action for semaglutide

A

Increases glucose-dependent insulin secretion, decreases inappropriate glucagon secretion, slows gastric emptying, and increases satiety.

180
Q

Briggs pregnancy recommendation for semaglutide

A

not recommended

181
Q

Contraindications for semaglutide

A

1) hypsersensitivity
2) familial history of thyroid cancers

182
Q

Box warnings for semaglutide

A

risk of thyroid cancers

183
Q

Key patient counseling points for semaglutide

A

Can cause thyroid tumors; side effects may include pancreatitis, changes in vision, hypoglycemia, kidney problems
all the usual injection site stuff

184
Q

Drug class for simvastatin

A

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor

185
Q

Brand name for simvastatin

A

Zocor

186
Q

Indication for simvastatin

A

1) Hyperlipidemia
2) Primary and secondary preventions of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
3) Familial hypercholesterolemia (homozygous)

187
Q

General mechanism of action for simvastatin

A

competitively inhibit conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, an early rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis
increase in LDL receptors, which bind and remove circulating LDL-cholesterol
Production of LDL-cholesterol decreases because of decreased production of VLDL-cholesterol or increased VLDL removal by LDL receptors.

188
Q

Briggs pregnancy recommendation for simvastatin

A

Weigh risks and benefits

189
Q

Contraindications for simvastatin

A

1) Hypersensitivity to simvastatin
2) active liver disease
3) use in breastfeeding

190
Q

Box warnings for simvastatin

A

none

191
Q

Key patient counseling points for simvastatin

A

Avoid excessive alcohol.
There are multiple significant drug-drug interactions with simvastatin. Consult a HCP prior to starting any new medications, including OTC and herbal drugs.
Simvastatin does not take the place of lifestyle changes (diet, exercise) to lower cholesterol levels.
monitor for muscle weakness

192
Q

Drug class for sitagliptin

A

Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor (DPP4), Antidiabetic

193
Q

Brand name for sitagliptin

A

Januvia

194
Q

Indication for sitagliptin

A

1) diabetes mellitus, type 2

195
Q

General mechanism of action for sitagliptin

A

inhibits the degradation of incretin hormones by DPP-4 and enhances the function of GLP-1 and GIP to increase insulin release and decrease glucagon levels in the circulation in a glucose-dependent manner.

196
Q

Briggs pregnancy recommendation for sitagliptin

A

Limited human data—animal data suggest low risk

197
Q

Contraindications for sitagliptin

A

1) hypersensitivity

198
Q

Box warnings for sitagliptin

A

none

199
Q

Key patient counseling points for sitagliptin

A

Monitor blood glucose in frequent intervals (2-4 times/d). Take with morning meal if once-daily dosing.
Take with morning and evening meal if twice-a-day dosing. When used in combination with insulin or sulfonylureas, risk of hypoglycemia may be increased.

PHMD 201A (1 decks)

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