top 200 drugs Flashcards
Esomeprazole, Omeprazole, Pantoprazole, Lansoprazole, Rabeprazole, Dexlanoprazole
PPI
Use: acid reflux, stomach/ duodenal ulcers, PUD, GERD, esophagitis, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, Helicobacter infection , heartburn
Pantoprazole
PPI
Erosive esophagitis , GERD
Rabeprazole
PPI
NON-enzymatic reduction pathway metabolized
Esomeprazole, Omeprazole, Pantoprazole, Lansoprazole, Dexlanoprazole
P450 metabolized
Gemfibrozil
Fenofibrate
PPAR alpha agonists
Fibrates/ Antihyperlipidemic Drugs
MOA: inhibit lipolysis, decrease VLDL, increase HDL, prevent major coronary events
ADR of Gemfibrozil and Fenofibrate
Hepatotoxic, avoid in women, Native American, obese, neutropenia
Ezetimbe
Cholesterol absorption inhibitor
Decrease total cholesterol, LDL, TG, increase HDL
- May raise AST/ ALT with combo of statin
Niacin
Antihyperlipidemic Drug
Inhibit FFA mobilization from adipose tissue
Mixed hyperlipoproteinemia , raise HDL lower TG
This + statin = myopathy
Worsens glucose tolerance
C/I - gout pud liver DM
Omega 3
Fish oil; reduce TG
Irbesartan
A2RB
For HTN in diabetic with thiazide diuertic
NO cough,
C/I : pregnancy, renal stenosis
Ranitidine
Famotidine
H2 BLOCKER Drugs
Heartburn, acid indigestion, stomach ulcers, GERD, Zollinger
- GERD, Hives, Helicobacter
act as preventive doses before exercise/meals
intermittent to mild GERD
Prednisone
Corticosteroids
asthma, COPD, allergies, ulcerative colitis, crohns, hives, inflammation, arthritis, lupus
Methylprednisolone
Corticosteroid
arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, ulcerative colitis, endocrine disorders
Methotrexate
Immunomodulator
RA, psoriasis, cancers,
Antifolate
Abortion , molar pregnancy
Ondansetron
5-HT3 Antagonist
Treatment and prevention for postop n/v
Chemotherapy induced vomit
Metoclopramide
Dopamine Blocker
N/V, gastroparesis
-Promote gastric emptying, increase SI peristalsis (prokinetic effects)
-C/I = GI perforation, obstruction, hemorrhage
- Extrapyramidal effects
- CV = HTN, HPOTN, Brady, AV block
- agranulocytosis
Promethazine
Antihistamine
N/V, motion sickness
- Must use SLOW IV PUSH, DANGER for extravasation
- ADR- parkinsonian, neuroleptic malignant syndrome
Meclizine
Antihistamine
Motion sickness, vertigo
Simvastatin, Pravastatin, Atorvastatin, Rosuvastatin
HMG COA- REDUCTASE INHIBITORS
Lower cholesterol to reduce heart disease
- C/I= pregnancy, liver dz, renal dz
Pioglitazone
TZD
Used in Type 2 Diabetes
- Increase insulin sensitivity
- BBW: CHF (edema, rapid weight gain)
Sitagliptan
DPP-4 Inhibitor
Type 2 Diabetes
- Increase insulin secretion
- no weight gain, no hypoglycemia
Metformin
1 for DM 2
No weight gain, rare hypolgycemia
Lactic acidosis risk
Increase insulin sensitivity and decrease hepatic glucose production.
Glipizide
Glyburide
Sulfonylurea
DM 2
Weight gain, hypoglycemia
Increase insulin secretion,
Insulin
Basal
DM #1
Hypoglycemia, Hypokalemia, weight gain
Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Melociam,
NSAID
- Fever, mild-moderate pain
- anti-inflammatory
- GI and CV effects
Hydrocodone/APAP, Codeine/APAP, Oxycodone/APAP
Opiod-combo
Pain relief
Risk of hepatotoxicity
Oxycodone
Opiod
Less effective than morphine
Pain relief
Methadone
Opiod
Analgesic and substitute for morphine/heroin
-Long-acting chronic pain control
Equal potency to morphine, but less euphoria
Fentanyl
Opiod
- Stronger than morphine
- moderate to severe pain
- use if CV unstable
- pt education about patch risk of breathing problems
Tramadol
Opiod
- Mild to moderate pain
- inhibit NE/ serotonin CNS uptake
Buprenorphine
Partial Opiod Agonist
- Moderate to severe chronic pain
- Tx OPIOD ADDICTION
- 20x more potent than morphine
Gabapentin
GABA Analogue
- Seizure
- neuropathic pain : peripheral neuropathy from diabetes, post-herpes
Cyclobenzaprine
Muscle Relaxer - Muscle injury/ spasm - Off label use for fibromyalgia ADR: drowsiness C/I : increased risk of serotonin syndrome with MAOI
Carisoprodol
Muscle Relaxer
- Pain
- Abuse potential
- ADR: drowsy
- Barbituate effects
Ibandronate
Alendronate
Bisphosphonate
- Osteoporosis
- Monthly
- Weekly
- increase bone mineral density
Vitamin D
Supplement
Rickets, osteomalacia, IBD, elderly/obese, breast fed babies
- rare toxicity, associate with hypercalcemia
Potassium
Supplement
Hypokalemia : muscle cramp, flat T wave
Hyperkalemia : paralyzed, peak T wave, wide QRS
-involved in resting cell-membrane potential, hormone secretion, GI motility, fluid/electrolyte balance
Folic Acid
Supplement
Megaloblastic macrocytic anemia, NTDs
- MTX, metformin cause deficiencies
Allopurinol
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor
- prevent gout attacks
- reduce uric acid in blood
- ADR : SJS
Colchicine
Toxic Plant Extract
- Prevent gout, mitotic inhibitor
- C/I in renal failure
Raloxifene
SERM
Postmenopausal osteoporosis, prevent risk of invasive BCA
BBW- blood clot risk, must take Vitamin D and calcium
