Top 200 Flashcards
A drug used for GERD, esophagitis, Zolinger-Ellison Syndrome; prodrugs activated by acidity (so do not combo with H2 Blockers), H+/K+ ATPase blockers; chronic use increase risk of gastric atrophy, H.pylori/CAP/HAP/C.diff infection…risk hypochorhydria, decreased absorption of iron/B12/Ca/Mg (should get baseline Mg before starting). PPI.
Esomeprazole (Nexium)
A drug used for GERD, esophagitis, Zolinger-Ellison Syndrome; prodrugs activated by acidity (so do not combo with H2 Blockers), H+/K+ ATPase blockers; chronic use increase risk of gastric atrophy, H.pylori/CAP/HAP/C.diff infection…risk hypochorhydria, decreased absorption of iron/B12/Ca/Mg (should get baseline Mg before starting). PPI.
Omeprazole (Prilosec)
A drug used for GERD, esophagitis, Zolinger-Ellison Syndrome; prodrugs activated by acidity (so do not combo with H2 Blockers), H+/K+ ATPase blockers; chronic use increase risk of gastric atrophy, H.pylori/CAP/HAP/C.diff infection…risk hypochorhydria, decreased absorption of iron/B12/Ca/Mg (should get baseline Mg before starting). PPI.
Pantoprazole (Protonix)
A drug used for GERD, esophagitis, Zolinger-Ellison Syndrome; prodrugs activated by acidity (so do not combo with H2 Blockers), H+/K+ ATPase blockers; chronic use increase risk of gastric atrophy, H.pylori/CAP/HAP/C.diff infection…risk hypochorhydria, decreased absorption of iron/B12/Ca/Mg (should get baseline Mg before starting). PPI.
Dexlansoprazole (Dexilant)
A drug used for GERD, esophagitis, Zolinger-Ellison Syndrome; prodrugs activated by acidity (so do not combo with H2 Blockers), H+/K+ ATPase blockers; chronic use increase risk of gastric atrophy, H.pylori/CAP/HAP/C.diff infection…risk hypochorhydria, decreased absorption of iron/B12/Ca/Mg (should get baseline Mg before starting). PPI.
Lansoprazole (Prevacid)
A drug used for GERD, esophagitis, Zolinger-Ellison Syndrome; prodrugs activated by acidity (so do not combo with H2 Blockers), H+/K+ ATPase blockers; chronic use increase risk of gastric atrophy, H.pylori/CAP/HAP/C.diff infection…risk hypochorhydria, decreased absorption of iron/B12/Ca/Mg (should get baseline Mg before starting). PPI.
Rabeprazole (Aciphex)
Mild-moderate intermittent GERD, prophylaxis before meals/exercise, effective in combo with antacids; renally excreted so caution in renal impairment
Ranitidine (Zantac)
Mild-moderate intermittent GERD, prophylaxis before meals/exercise, effective in combo with antacids; renally excreted so caution in renal impairment
Famotidine (Pepcid)
Anti-inflammatory, glucocorticoid replacement in adrenal insufficiency etc.
Prednisone (Deltasone) - (Corticosteroid)
Anti-inflammatory, glucocorticoid replacement in adrenal insufficiency etc.
Methylprednisone (Medrol) - (Corticosteroid)
Chemo, autoimmune dz, abortion, molar pregnancy etc.
Methotrexate (MTX) - (Immunomodulator)
N/V from chemo/radiation/surgery/gastroenteritis/migraines (NOT motion sickness)
Ondansetron (Zofran) - (5-HTE)
N/V and prokinetic effects (promotes gastric emptying and SI peristalsis)
Metoclopramide (Reglan) - (Dopamine blocker D2)
N/V associated with motion sickness, vestibulocochlear dz i.e. vertigo
Promethazine (Phenergan) - (antihistamine H1 and D2 blocker)
N/V associated with motion sickness, vestibulocochlear dz i.e. vertigo
Meclizine (Dramamine) - (antihistamine)
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor. Competitive inhibition of rate-limiting enzyme for cholesterol synthesis; pleiotropic effects (CV, renal, endocrine, bone); best taken at bedtime or with dinner. Monitor AST/ALT prior/12 wks after starting/every 6mo; CYP 450 3A4 inhibitors (except Rosu and Prav); C/I in pregnancy, liver and renal dz.
Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor. Competitive inhibition of rate-limiting enzyme for cholesterol synthesis; pleiotropic effects (CV, renal, endocrine, bone); best taken at bedtime or with dinner. Monitor AST/ALT prior/12 wks after starting/every 6mo; CYP 450 3A4 inhibitors (except Rosu and Prav); C/I in pregnancy, liver and renal dz.
Simvastatin (Zocor)
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor. Competitive inhibition of rate-limiting enzyme for cholesterol synthesis; pleiotropic effects (CV, renal, endocrine, bone); best taken at bedtime or with dinner. Monitor AST/ALT prior/12 wks after starting/every 6mo; CYP 450 3A4 inhibitors (except Rosu and Prav); C/I in pregnancy, liver and renal dz.
Rosuvastatin (Crestor)
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor. Competitive inhibition of rate-limiting enzyme for cholesterol synthesis; pleiotropic effects (CV, renal, endocrine, bone); best taken at bedtime or with dinner. Monitor AST/ALT prior/12 wks after starting/every 6mo; CYP 450 3A4 inhibitors (except Rosu and Prav); C/I in pregnancy, liver and renal dz.
Pravastatin (Pravachol)
Lowers TG; inhibits lipolysis, increases lipoprotein lipase (LPL); reduces major coronary events. PPARα agonist, fibrate. Hepatotoxicity, neutropenia, myopathy (C/I if CPK 10x normal); avoid in women, Native American, obese.
Fenofibrate (TriCor)
Lowers TG; inhibits lipolysis, increases lipoprotein lipase (LPL); reduces major coronary events. PPARα agonist, fibrate. Hepatotoxicity, neutropenia, myopathy (C/I if CPK 10x normal); avoid in women, Native American, obese.
Gemfibrozil (Lopid)
Inhibits SI absorption of cholesterol. Decreases total cholesterol, LDL-C and TG; increases HDL. May increase ALT/AST elevation in combo with statin.
Ezetimibe (Zetia)
Mixed hyperlipoproteinemia; adjunct to raise HDL and decrease TG. C/I in gout/PUD/liver dz/DM; myopathy and hepatotoxicity risk with statins, hypotn with BP lowering drugs, worsens glucose tolerance.
Niacin (Niaspin)
Fish oil. Decrease CHD events; lower TG, raises LDL at high dose, minimal effect on HDL.
Omega 3 (Lovaza)
A2RB. HTN; renal protective and can be First Line for DM pt. No cough like with ACEI; C/I in preg and renal stenosis.
Irbesartan (Avapro)
DMII First Choice; hepatic gluconeogenesis inhibition, increased insulin sensitivity. Lactic acidosis risk; C/I in renal impairment and metabolic acidosis; no weight gain, rarely hypoglycemia.
Metformin (Glucophage)
Sulfonylurea. DMII; increases insulin secretion, high dose decreases glucagon release and hepatic gluconeogenesis; not effective if severe diabetic with few viable beta cells. Hypoglycemia, weight gain; give 30min prior to 1st main meal.
Glipizide (Glucotrol)
Sulfonylurea. DMII; increases insulin secretion, high dose decreases glucagon release and hepatic gluconeogenesis; not effective if severe diabetic with few viable beta cells. Hypoglycemia, weight gain.
Glyburide (Diabeta)
DM I. Hypoglycemia, weight gain, hypokalemia.Basal insulin.
Insulin (Lantus)
DMII; increased insulin sensitivity in fat/liver/skeletal muscle; increased LDL&HDL. Black box CHF; rapid weight gain, edema, new onset HF; C/I alcoholism, liver dz/elevated enzymes, HF class III/IV.
Pioglitazone (Actos)
DDP-4 Inhibitor. DMII; prevents degradation of GLP-1, increases insulin and decreases glucagon release. Adjust for CrCl; no weight gain, no hypoglycemia.
Sitagliptin (Januvia)
Hypothyroid First Choice; brands not interchangeable. C/I in thyrotoxicosis; several drug interactions (lithium, amiodarone, warfarin, OCP/estrogen, separate dosing from drugs altering absorption, watch out for drugs increasing metab.
Levothyroxine (Synthroid)
Non-selective COX inhibitor; lower risk for GI damage. Fever, mild-mod pain, anti-inflammation; effects due to inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis; can use Misoprostol to tx NSAID-induced GI damage; caution NSAID use in asthma/renal impairment/thrombocytopenia, all carry a warning for GI and CV adverse effects
Ibuprofen (Advil)
Non-selective COX inhibitor; the preferred for long-term use in pt at-risk for cardiovascular complications. Fever, mild-mod pain, anti-inflammation; effects due to inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis; can use Misoprostol to tx NSAID-induced GI damage; caution NSAID use in asthma/renal impairment/thrombocytopenia, all carry a warning for GI and CV adverse effects.
Naproxen (Aleve)
Selective COX-2 inhibitor; extensive 1st pass metab into its active metabolite. Fever, mild-mod pain, anti-inflammation; effects due to inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis; can use Misoprostol to tx NSAID-induced GI damage; caution NSAID use in asthma/renal impairment/thrombocytopenia, all carry a warning for GI and CV adverse effects.
Nabumetone (Relafen)
Highly selective COX-2 inhibitor; Black box: MI or stroke risk. Fever, mild-mod pain, anti-inflammation; effects due to inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis; can use Misoprostol to tx NSAID-induced GI damage; caution NSAID use in asthma/renal impairment/thrombocytopenia, all carry a warning for GI and CV adverse effects.
Celecoxib (Celebrex)
Partially selective COX inhibitor, selective for COX-2 at lower therapeutic doses (non-selective at high). Fever, mild-mod pain, anti-inflammation; effects due to inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis; can use Misoprostol to tx NSAID-induced GI damage; caution NSAID use in asthma/renal impairment/thrombocytopenia, all carry a warning for GI and CV adverse effects.
Meloxicam (Mobic)
Opioid combo. Pain relief; combos are an attempt to improve analgesic effect/limit adverse effects etc.Any combo with APAP: risk of hepatotoxicity.
Hydrocodone/APAP
Opioid combo. Pain relief; combos are an attempt to improve analgesic effect/limit adverse effects etc.Any combo with APAP: risk of hepatotoxicity.
Oxycodone/APAP (Percocet)
Opioid combo. Pain relief; combos are an attempt to improve analgesic effect/limit adverse effects etc.Any combo with APAP: risk of hepatotoxicity.
Codeine/APAP (Tylenol #2)
Pain relief. Less effective than morphine. Opioid.
Oxycodone (OxyContin)
Opioid. Analgesic and substitute for morphine/heroin for controlled withdrawal, long-acting chronic pain control. Equal potency to morphine but less euphoria; longer half-life so also increased toxicity risk, caution with wide range of “dose-equivalents”
Methadone (Dolophine)
Opioid. For anesthesia too in combo with Droperidol; caution with patch form pt education.
Fentanyl (Duragesic)
Opioid. Weak Mu agonist, inhibits NE/serotonin CNS re-uptake.
Tramadol (Ultram)
Analgesic; partial Mu agonist, can be used to treat opioid addiction. 20x potent as morphine, similar ADR to morphine; respiratory depression concern.
Buprenorphine (Suboxone)
GABA Analogue. Seizures, neuropathic pain (i.e. peripheral neuropathy from diabetes, post-herpes, central neuropathy). Somnolence, ataxia, nystagmus; renally excreted (may need dosage adjustment).
Gapapentin (Neurontin)
Relieve pain caused by muscle injury/spasms (off-label use for fibromyalgia). Central acting; ADRs drowsiness, dry mouth, tachycardia; C/I with MAOI use (i.e. increased risk of serotonin syndrome). Muscle relaxant.
Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)
Relieve pain caused by muscle injuryspasms; has barbituate effects and abuse potential/withdrawal reaction. Central acting; ADRs drowsiness, dizzy, tachycardia. Muscle relaxant.
Carisoprodol (Soma)
Osteoporosis tx and prevention; inhibits osteoclasts to increase bone mineral density; take 30min before meal and stay upright for 30min bc is corrosive to esophagus; C/I in hypocalcemia, renal insufficiency. Bisphosphonate.
Ibandronate (Boniva)
Osteoporosis tx and prevention; inhibits osteoclasts to increase bone mineral density; take 30min before meal and stay upright for 30min bc is corrosive to esophagus; C/I in hypocalcemia, renal insufficiency. Bisphosphonate.
Alendronate (Foxamax)
Osteoporosis tx and prevention; inhibits osteoclasts to increase bone mineral density; take 30min before meal and stay upright for 30min bc is corrosive to esophagus; C/I in hypocalcemia, renal insufficiency. Bisphosphonate.
Risendronate (Actonel)
Deficiencies i.e. in rickets, osteomalacia, IBD, elderly/obese, vampires, babies exclusively breast-fed. Toxicity rare, but can be associated with hypercalcemia.
Vitamin D (Caltrate)
Involved in resting cell-membrane potential, hormone secretion, GI motility, acid/base homeostasis, mineralcorticoid action, BP control, renal concentrating ability, fluid/electrolyte balance (imbalance low/high can cause dangerous arrythmias). Hypokalemia: fatigue/muscle cramp/constipation, U-wave & flattened T; Hyperkalemia: paralysis, weakness, wide/no P wave, wide QRS, peaked T.
Potassium (K-Tab)
Deficiencies i.e. megaloblastic macrocytic anemia, NTDs from defiecient mothers. Many causes of deficiencies, meds can cause too i.e. MTX, sulfasalazine, metformin.
Folic Acid (Folvite)
Gout by reducing production of uric acid, prevents gout attacks but doesn’t tx them. Complex dosing, potential severe hypersensitivity syndrome (i.e. SJS, toxic epidermal necrolysis).
Allopurinol (Zyloprim)
Gout attack prevention and gout-specific pain relief (as anti-inflammatory effect); is a mitotic inhibitor. C/I in renal failure, toxicity can result in neuromyopathy with proximal weakness; peripheral neuropathy.
Colchicine (Colcrys)
Osteoporosis tx and prevention in post-menopausal women; decrease risk of invasive breast cancer in at-risk women. Black Box: blood clot risk; should have adequate calcium and vitamin D while on. SERM.
Raloxifene (Evista)
