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Pharmacy Practice Skills > Top 200 > Flashcards

Top 200 Flashcards

1
Q

Benzodiazepines Mechanism of action

A 
cause central nervous system depression to relieve anxiety symptoms
Mechanism of action for what class of drugs?
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2
Q

Alprazolam

Brand name?

A

Xanax

Generic Name?

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3
Q

Clonazepam

Brand name?

A

Klonopin

Generic name?

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4
Q

Diazepam

Brand name?

A

Valium

Generic Name?

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5
Q

Lorazepam

Brand name?

A

Ativan

Generic Name?

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6
Q

Benzodiazepines Generic Drug Names

A

Alprazolam
Clonazepam
Diazepam
Lorazepam

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7
Q

What is the schedule for benzodiazepines?

A

Schedule IV controlled substances (C-IV)

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8
Q

Benzodiazepines

Common Adverse Effects

A

Fatigue/sedation

Dizziness

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9
Q

Benzodiazepines

Rare Adverse Effects

A

Confusion
Memory and recall impairment
Respiratory depression (enhanced risk w/ opioids)

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10
Q

Benzodiazepines

Counseling points

A

Take as needed for symptomatic relief
Avoid use with alcohol
If using chronically, do not stop abruptly

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11
Q

Benzodiazepines

Clinical pearls

A

Do not treat the underlying cause of anxiety

Must be tapered off slowly to prevent withdrawal symptoms

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12
Q

Antihistamine

Mechanism of Action

A

Causes sedation to relieve symptoms of anxiety

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13
Q

Antihistamine

Generic Drug Names

A

Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride

Hydroxyzine Pamoate

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14
Q

Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride

Brand Name?

A

Atarax

Generic name?

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15
Q

Hydroxyzine Pamoate

Brand name?

A

Vistaril

Generic name?

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16
Q

Antihistamine

Common adverse effects

A

Fatigue

Dry mouth

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17
Q

Antihistamine

Rare adverse effects

A

Confusion
Memory and recall impairment
Respiratory depression

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18
Q

Antihistamine

Counseling points

A

Take as needed for symptomatic relief

Should not be used long-term

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19
Q

Antihistamine

Clinical pearls

A

Does not treat the underlying cause of anxiety

The pamoate salt form has greater anti-anxiety effect than the hydrochloride form

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20
Q

What is the mechanism of action for the antianxiety miscellaneous drugs

A

the mechanism is unknown, but may be due to its affinity for serotonin receptors

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21
Q

Antianxiety miscellaneous drugs

Generic name

A

Buspirone

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22
Q

Buspirone

Brand name?

A

BuSpar

Generic name?

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23
Q

Buspirone

Common Adverse Effects

A

Dizziness
Drowsiness
Nausea
Excitement

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24
Q

Buspirone

Rare adverse effects

A

Risk of serotonin Syndrome (enhanced risk with other serotonergic agents)

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25
Buspirone | Counseling points
Take with or without food, but must be consistent | Takes 2-4 weeks for effect
26
Buspirone | Clinical pearls
No potential for abuse, tolerance, or physiological dependence
27
What are the symptoms for depression?
Suicidal ideation loss of Interest in previously enjoyed activities feelings of Guilt/shame decreased Concentrating Appetite changes (over-or under-eating) Psychomotor symptoms (sluggish or agitated) Sleep changes (insomnia or hypersomnia)
28
What is considered the cause of depression?
The cause is not fully understood but thought to involve decreased amount or imbalance of neurotransmitters dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine
29
SSRIs | Mechanism of Action
Prevent the reuptake and maintaining the level of serotonin in the neuronal synapse
30
SSRIs | Generic Drug Names
``` Citalopram Escitalopram Fluoxetine Paroxetine Sertraline Vilazodone Vortioxetine ```
31
Citralopram | Brand name?
Celexa | Generic name?
32
Escitalopram | Brand name?
Lexapro | Generic name?
33
Fluoxetine | Brand name?
Prozac | Generic name?
34
Paroxetine | Brand name?
Paxil | Generic name?
35
Sertraline | Brand name?
Zoloft | Generic name?
36
Vilazodone | Brand name?
Viibryd | Generic name?
37
Vortioxetine | Brand name?
Trintellix | Generic name?
38
What does SSRI stand for? What are they used for?
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors | Depression
39
Anti-anxiety Drug classes
Buspirone Antihistamine Miscellaneous
40
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) | Common Adverse Effects
Sexual dysfunction Fatigue and insomnia Dry mouth Headache
41
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) | Rare Adverse Effects
Hyponatremia Bleeding (additive risk w/ anticoagulants) Serotonin syndrome
42
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) | Counseling points
Take 1-2 weeks to feel a benefit and 6-8 weeks for full effect on mood Take fluoxetine in AM (most activating) Take paroxetine in PM (most sedating) Take all others in AM but if causing sedation take in PM
43
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) | Clinical pearls
Sertraline is preferred in patient s with cardiac risk | Vilazodone and vortioxetine have mixed MOAs (serotonin receptors)
44
What does SNRIs stand for?
Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors
45
What does NE stand for?
Norepinephrine
46
Desvenlafaxine | Brand name?
Pristiq | Generic name?
47
Duloxetine | Brand name?
Cymbalta | Generic name?
48
Venlafaxine | Brand name?
Effexor | Generic name?
49
Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) | Mechanism of Action
prevent the reuptake & maintaining the levels of serotonin and NE in the neuronal synapse
50
Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) | Common adverse effects
Similar to SSRIs (serotonin effect) Increased heart rate and blood pressure Feeling excitable (much less sedation than SSRIs due to NE effect)
51
Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) | Rare adverse effects
Hyponatremia Bleeding (additive risk with anticoagulants) Serotonin syndrome
52
Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) | Counseling points
Take 1-2 weeks to feel a benefit and 6-8 weeks for full effect on mood Take in AM
53
Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) | Clinical pearls
Duloxetine can also be used for neurologic pain
54
What does TCAs stand for?
Tricyclic antidepressants
55
``` Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) Mechanism of action ```
Inhibit reuptake or serotonin and NE (also block acetylcholine and histamine receptors, leading to side effects)
56
Amitriptyline | Brand name?
Elavil (brand d/c) | Generic name?
57
Doxepin | Brand name?
Silenor | Generic name?
58
Nortriptyline | Brand name?
Pamelor | Generic name?
59
``` Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) Common adverse effects ```
``` Orthostasis Tachycardia Weight gain Dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation (anticholinergic) Major sedation ```
60
``` Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) Rare adverse effects ```
Overdoes can cause fatal arrhythmias (QT prolongation) - monitor for suicidal ideation
61
``` Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) Counseling points ```
Takes 1-2 weeks to feel a benefit and 6-8 weeks for full effect on mood Take in PM
62
``` Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) Clinical pearls ```
Amitriptyline and doxepin are slightly more effective than nortriptyline, but have worse side effects
63
What does NDRI stand for?
Norepinephrine/Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor
64
Norepinephrine/Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor (NDRI) | Mechanism of action
prevents the reuptake and maintaining the levels of dopamine and NE in the neuronal synapse
65
Bupropion | Brand name?
Wellbutrin (SR,XL) Zyban (brand d/c) Generic name?
66
Bupropion | Common adverse effects
Dry mouth | Insomnia, restlessness (similar to SNRIs because of NE effect)
67
Bupropion | Rare adverse effects
Seizures (dose-related) - contraindicated in seizure disorder or anorexia/ bulemia
68
Bupropion | Counseling points
Takes 1-2 weeks to feel a benefit and 6-8 weeks for full effect on mood Take in AM
69
Bupropion | Clinical pearls
Also used for smoking cessation
70
What are the drugs in the antidepressant miscellaneous class?
Mirtazapine | Trazodone
71
Mirtazapine | Brand name?
Remeron | Generic name?
72
Trazodone | Brand name?
Desyrel | Generic name?
73
Mirtazapine | Mechanism of action
Tricyclic Antidepressant (TCA) with alpha-2-adrenergic antagonistic effect in the CNS, increasing the release of serotonin and NE
74
Trazodone | Mechanism of action
Inhibits serotonin reuptake and blocks histamine and alpha-1 adrenergic receptors
75
Mirtazapine | Common adverse effects
Weight gain, increased appetite Major sedation dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation (anticholinergic)
76
Mirtazapine | Rare adverse effects
Agranulocytosis (life-threatening blood disorder)
77
Mirtazapine | Counseling points
Takes 1-2 weeks to feel a benefit and 6-8 weeks for full effect on mood
78
Mirtazapine | Clinical pearls
Often used in oncology and skilled nursing to help with sleep and appetite stimulation
79
Trazodone | Common Adverse effects
Major sedation | Sexual dysfunction
80
Trazodone | Rare Adverse Effects
Priapism
81
Trazodone | Counseling points
Take in PM
82
Trazodone | Clinical pearls
Most often used off-label for sleep
83
Anti-Anxiety Drug Classes
Benzodiazepines Antihistamines Miscellaneous
84
Antidepressants Drug Classes
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) Norepinephrine/Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor (NDRI) Miscellaneous
85
Selective Serotonin reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) | Generic Drug Names
``` Citalopram Escitalopram Fluoxetine Paroxetine Sertraline Vilazodone Vortioxetine ```
86
Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) | Generic Drug Names
Desvenlafaxine Duloxetine Venlafaxine
87
``` Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) Generic Drug Names ```
Amitriptyline Doxepin Nortriptyline
88
Norepinephrine/Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor (NDRI) | Generic Drug Names
Bupropion

Pharmacy Practice Skills (1 decks)

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