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Pharmacy Practice Skills > Top 200 > Flashcards

Top 200 Flashcards

1
Q

Benzodiazepines Mechanism of action

A 
cause central nervous system depression to relieve anxiety symptoms
Mechanism of action for what class of drugs?
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2
Q

Alprazolam

Brand name?

A

Xanax

Generic Name?

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3
Q

Clonazepam

Brand name?

A

Klonopin

Generic name?

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4
Q

Diazepam

Brand name?

A

Valium

Generic Name?

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5
Q

Lorazepam

Brand name?

A

Ativan

Generic Name?

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6
Q

Benzodiazepines Generic Drug Names

A

Alprazolam
Clonazepam
Diazepam
Lorazepam

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7
Q

What is the schedule for benzodiazepines?

A

Schedule IV controlled substances (C-IV)

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8
Q

Benzodiazepines

Common Adverse Effects

A

Fatigue/sedation

Dizziness

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9
Q

Benzodiazepines

Rare Adverse Effects

A

Confusion
Memory and recall impairment
Respiratory depression (enhanced risk w/ opioids)

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10
Q

Benzodiazepines

Counseling points

A

Take as needed for symptomatic relief
Avoid use with alcohol
If using chronically, do not stop abruptly

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11
Q

Benzodiazepines

Clinical pearls

A

Do not treat the underlying cause of anxiety

Must be tapered off slowly to prevent withdrawal symptoms

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12
Q

Antihistamine

Mechanism of Action

A

Causes sedation to relieve symptoms of anxiety

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13
Q

Antihistamine

Generic Drug Names

A

Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride

Hydroxyzine Pamoate

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14
Q

Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride

Brand Name?

A

Atarax

Generic name?

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15
Q

Hydroxyzine Pamoate

Brand name?

A

Vistaril

Generic name?

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16
Q

Antihistamine

Common adverse effects

A

Fatigue

Dry mouth

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17
Q

Antihistamine

Rare adverse effects

A

Confusion
Memory and recall impairment
Respiratory depression

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18
Q

Antihistamine

Counseling points

A

Take as needed for symptomatic relief

Should not be used long-term

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19
Q

Antihistamine

Clinical pearls

A

Does not treat the underlying cause of anxiety

The pamoate salt form has greater anti-anxiety effect than the hydrochloride form

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20
Q

What is the mechanism of action for the antianxiety miscellaneous drugs

A

the mechanism is unknown, but may be due to its affinity for serotonin receptors

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21
Q

Antianxiety miscellaneous drugs

Generic name

A

Buspirone

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22
Q

Buspirone

Brand name?

A

BuSpar

Generic name?

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23
Q

Buspirone

Common Adverse Effects

A

Dizziness
Drowsiness
Nausea
Excitement

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24
Q

Buspirone

Rare adverse effects

A

Risk of serotonin Syndrome (enhanced risk with other serotonergic agents)

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25
Q

Buspirone

Counseling points

A

Take with or without food, but must be consistent

Takes 2-4 weeks for effect

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26
Q

Buspirone

Clinical pearls

A

No potential for abuse, tolerance, or physiological dependence

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27
Q

What are the symptoms for depression?

A

Suicidal ideation
loss of Interest in previously enjoyed activities
feelings of Guilt/shame
decreased Concentrating
Appetite changes (over-or under-eating)
Psychomotor symptoms (sluggish or agitated)
Sleep changes (insomnia or hypersomnia)

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28
Q

What is considered the cause of depression?

A

The cause is not fully understood but thought to involve decreased amount or imbalance of neurotransmitters dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine

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29
Q

SSRIs

Mechanism of Action

A

Prevent the reuptake and maintaining the level of serotonin in the neuronal synapse

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30
Q

SSRIs

Generic Drug Names

A 
Citalopram
Escitalopram
Fluoxetine
Paroxetine
Sertraline
Vilazodone
Vortioxetine
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31
Q

Citralopram

Brand name?

A

Celexa

Generic name?

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32
Q

Escitalopram

Brand name?

A

Lexapro

Generic name?

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33
Q

Fluoxetine

Brand name?

A

Prozac

Generic name?

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34
Q

Paroxetine

Brand name?

A

Paxil

Generic name?

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35
Q

Sertraline

Brand name?

A

Zoloft

Generic name?

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36
Q

Vilazodone

Brand name?

A

Viibryd

Generic name?

37
Q

Vortioxetine

Brand name?

A

Trintellix

Generic name?

38
Q

What does SSRI stand for? What are they used for?

A

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

Depression

39
Q

Anti-anxiety Drug classes

A

Buspirone
Antihistamine
Miscellaneous

40
Q

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

Common Adverse Effects

A

Sexual dysfunction
Fatigue and insomnia
Dry mouth
Headache

41
Q

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

Rare Adverse Effects

A

Hyponatremia
Bleeding (additive risk w/ anticoagulants)
Serotonin syndrome

42
Q

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

Counseling points

A

Take 1-2 weeks to feel a benefit and 6-8 weeks for full effect on mood
Take fluoxetine in AM (most activating)
Take paroxetine in PM (most sedating)
Take all others in AM but if causing sedation take in PM

43
Q

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

Clinical pearls

A

Sertraline is preferred in patient s with cardiac risk

Vilazodone and vortioxetine have mixed MOAs (serotonin receptors)

44
Q

What does SNRIs stand for?

A

Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors

45
Q

What does NE stand for?

A

Norepinephrine

46
Q

Desvenlafaxine

Brand name?

A

Pristiq

Generic name?

47
Q

Duloxetine

Brand name?

A

Cymbalta

Generic name?

48
Q

Venlafaxine

Brand name?

A

Effexor

Generic name?

49
Q

Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)

Mechanism of Action

A

prevent the reuptake & maintaining the levels of serotonin and NE in the neuronal synapse

50
Q

Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)

Common adverse effects

A

Similar to SSRIs (serotonin effect)
Increased heart rate and blood pressure
Feeling excitable (much less sedation than SSRIs due to NE effect)

51
Q

Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)

Rare adverse effects

A

Hyponatremia
Bleeding (additive risk with anticoagulants)
Serotonin syndrome

52
Q

Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)

Counseling points

A

Take 1-2 weeks to feel a benefit and 6-8 weeks for full effect on mood
Take in AM

53
Q

Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)

Clinical pearls

A

Duloxetine can also be used for neurologic pain

54
Q

What does TCAs stand for?

A

Tricyclic antidepressants

55
Q 
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
Mechanism of action
A

Inhibit reuptake or serotonin and NE (also block acetylcholine and histamine receptors, leading to side effects)

56
Q

Amitriptyline

Brand name?

A

Elavil (brand d/c)

Generic name?

57
Q

Doxepin

Brand name?

A

Silenor

Generic name?

58
Q

Nortriptyline

Brand name?

A

Pamelor

Generic name?

59
Q 
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
Common adverse effects
A 
Orthostasis
Tachycardia
Weight gain
Dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation (anticholinergic)
Major sedation
60
Q 
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
Rare adverse effects
A

Overdoes can cause fatal arrhythmias (QT prolongation) - monitor for suicidal ideation

61
Q 
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
Counseling points
A

Takes 1-2 weeks to feel a benefit and 6-8 weeks for full effect on mood
Take in PM

62
Q 
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
Clinical pearls
A

Amitriptyline and doxepin are slightly more effective than nortriptyline, but have worse side effects

63
Q

What does NDRI stand for?

A

Norepinephrine/Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor

64
Q

Norepinephrine/Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor (NDRI)

Mechanism of action

A

prevents the reuptake and maintaining the levels of dopamine and NE in the neuronal synapse

65
Q

Bupropion

Brand name?

A

Wellbutrin (SR,XL)
Zyban (brand d/c)
Generic name?

66
Q

Bupropion

Common adverse effects

A

Dry mouth

Insomnia, restlessness (similar to SNRIs because of NE effect)

67
Q

Bupropion

Rare adverse effects

A

Seizures (dose-related) - contraindicated in seizure disorder or anorexia/ bulemia

68
Q

Bupropion

Counseling points

A

Takes 1-2 weeks to feel a benefit and 6-8 weeks for full effect on mood
Take in AM

69
Q

Bupropion

Clinical pearls

A

Also used for smoking cessation

70
Q

What are the drugs in the antidepressant miscellaneous class?

A

Mirtazapine

Trazodone

71
Q

Mirtazapine

Brand name?

A

Remeron

Generic name?

72
Q

Trazodone

Brand name?

A

Desyrel

Generic name?

73
Q

Mirtazapine

Mechanism of action

A

Tricyclic Antidepressant (TCA) with alpha-2-adrenergic antagonistic effect in the CNS, increasing the release of serotonin and NE

74
Q

Trazodone

Mechanism of action

A

Inhibits serotonin reuptake and blocks histamine and alpha-1 adrenergic receptors

75
Q

Mirtazapine

Common adverse effects

A

Weight gain, increased appetite
Major sedation
dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation (anticholinergic)

76
Q

Mirtazapine

Rare adverse effects

A

Agranulocytosis (life-threatening blood disorder)

77
Q

Mirtazapine

Counseling points

A

Takes 1-2 weeks to feel a benefit and 6-8 weeks for full effect on mood

78
Q

Mirtazapine

Clinical pearls

A

Often used in oncology and skilled nursing to help with sleep and appetite stimulation

79
Q

Trazodone

Common Adverse effects

A

Major sedation

Sexual dysfunction

80
Q

Trazodone

Rare Adverse Effects

A

Priapism

81
Q

Trazodone

Counseling points

A

Take in PM

82
Q

Trazodone

Clinical pearls

A

Most often used off-label for sleep

83
Q

Anti-Anxiety Drug Classes

A

Benzodiazepines
Antihistamines
Miscellaneous

84
Q

Antidepressants Drug Classes

A

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
Norepinephrine/Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor (NDRI)
Miscellaneous

85
Q

Selective Serotonin reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

Generic Drug Names

A 
Citalopram
Escitalopram
Fluoxetine
Paroxetine
Sertraline
Vilazodone
Vortioxetine
86
Q

Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)

Generic Drug Names

A

Desvenlafaxine
Duloxetine
Venlafaxine

87
Q 
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
Generic Drug Names
A

Amitriptyline
Doxepin
Nortriptyline

88
Q

Norepinephrine/Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor (NDRI)

Generic Drug Names

A

Bupropion

Pharmacy Practice Skills (1 decks)

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