T.O.P Flashcards
is a set of related assumptions that allows scientists to use logical
deductive reasoning to formulate testable hypotheses
Theory
is the branch
of study concerned with observation and classification of data and with the verification of general laws through the testing of hypotheses.
Science
is an educated guess or prediction specific enough for its validity to be tested through
the use of the scientific method.
Hypothesis
is a classification of things according to their natural relationships
Taxonomy
is one that defines units in terms of
observable events or behaviors that can be measured
Operational definition
It holds that behavior is a function of
past experiences
Causality
It is an explanation of behavior in terms
of future goals or purposes
Teleology
The
_______ of a measuring instrument is the extent to which it yields consistent
results.
reliability
is the degree to which an instrument measures what it is supposed to
measure.
validity
it includes all those relatively permanent traits or characteristics
that render some consistency to a person’s behavior.
personality
comes from the Latin persona, or the mask that
people present to the outside world, but psychologists see personality as
much more than outward appearances.
personality
a disorder typically characterized by paralysis or the improper
functioning of certain parts of the body.
hysteria
the process of removing hysterical
symptoms through “talking them out.
catharsis
What are the three provinces of the mind?
- Id
- Ego
- Superego
It is the most primitive part of the mind
Id
It is the pleasure principle
Id
It is the reality principle
Ego
It is the idealistic principle
Superego
a stimulus within the
person, It operate as a constant motivational force.
Drives
It represents the moral and ideal aspects
of personality
Superego
Freud used the word _________ for the sex drive
libido
Besides
the genitals, the mouth and anus are especially capable of producing sexual pleasure and are called
Erogenous zones
What do you call a condition where Infants are primarily self-centered, with their libido invested almost exclusively on their own ego.
Primary narcissism
is the need for sexual pleasure by inflicting pain or humiliation on another person.
Sadism
experience
sexual pleasure from suffering pain and humiliation inflicted either by themselves
or by others.
Masochism
it is a felt,
affective, unpleasant state accompanied by a physical sensation that warns the
person against impending danger.
anxiety
It is defined as apprehension about an unknown danger
neurotic anxiety
It is a anxiety where it stems from the conflict between
the ego and the superego.
moral anxiety
It is
defined as an unpleasant, nonspecific feeling involving a possible danger.
realistic anxiety
The most basic defense mechanism, because it is involved in each of the others,
Repression
One of the ways in which a repressed impulse may become conscious is through
adopting a disguise that is directly opposite its original form.
Reaction formation
A repressed impulse where people can redirect their unacceptable urges onto a variety of people or objects
so that the original impulse is disguised or concealed.
Displacement
A defense mechanism that is when the prospect of taking
the next step becomes too anxiety provoking, the ego may resort to the strategy
of remaining at the present, more comfortable psychological stage.
Fixation
