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Top 100 drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Acetylcysteine

A
  • Antidote for paracetamol poisoning

- prevent renal injury due to renal contrast material

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2
Q

Activated charcoal

A
  • Reduce absorption of certain overdoses
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3
Q

Adenosine

A
  • For supraventricular tachycardia

SEs - bradycardia

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4
Q

Adrenaline

A

For anaphylaxis or cardiac arrest
AEs- headache, anxiety, palpitations, tremor
- can use another one if needed after 5-15 mins of first

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5
Q

Alginates and Antacids

A
  • Magnesium causes diarrhea
  • Alluminium causes constipations
  • Can reduce absorption of :
    >ACEis
    >bisphosphonates
    >PPis
    >Digoxin
    >Antibiotics
    >Levothyroxine
    leave a gap of alteast 2 hours with these drugs
    -can start its affect within 20 mins and last for hours
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6
Q

Allopurinol

A
  • most common side effect is skin rash
  • co-administration with amoxicillin, ACEis, and thiazides can increase hypersensitivity
    TAKEN AFTER MEALS
    DRINK PLENTY OF FLUIDS (1-2 L)
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7
Q

Aldosterone Antagonists

A

-Spirinolactone/Epelerone
TAKEN WITH FOOD
-can cause hyperkalemia (muscle weakness), gynacomastea

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8
Q

Alpha-Blockers

A
  • BPH
  • Tamsulosin/Alfuzosin
  • can cause postural hypotension
  • initially may cause dizziness, advise to take at bedtime
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9
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

Gentamycin/Amikacin

-can cause nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity

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10
Q

Aminosalicylates

A

Sulfasalazine/Mesalazine

- ASACOL(mesalazine) has a pH-sensitive coating, drugs like PPIs increase pH and can break coating prematurely

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11
Q

Amiodarone

A
  • avoid in hypotension, thyroid disease and heart block

- when taking, report any incidents of weight loss, breathlessness, jaundice, persistent cough, tiredness, restlessness

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12
Q

ACIs

A

-hypotension (after first dose)
- hyperkalemia
- dry cough
-rash
AVOID IN PREGNANCY
AVOID IN ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY
TAKEN WITH OR WITHOUT FOOD
AVOID TAKING NSAIDS

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13
Q

ARBs

A
  • can cause hyperkalemia/renal failure
  • AVOID IN PREGNANCY/BREASTFEEDING
  • AVOID IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
  • TAKEN WITHOR WITHOUT FOOD
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14
Q

Antidepressants

SSRIs

A
  • GI upset, weight gain/loss, rash , suicidal ideations, QT prolongation, lower seizure threshold
  • CAN INCREASE RISK OF BLEEDING
  • DO NOT STOP TREATMENT ABRUPTLY, even if they start feeling better
  • carryon with the medication for at least 6 months
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15
Q

Antidepressants

TCAs and others

A
  • can cause sexual dysfunction, sedation, withdrawl, hallucinations
  • symptoms will imrove over a few weeks
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16
Q

Antidepressants

Venlafaxine and Mirtazapine

A
  • mirtazapine given at night to reduce its sedative effects
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17
Q

Antiemetics

D2-receptor antagonits

A
  • Metoclopramide/Domperidone
  • causes diarrhea
  • metonia can cause EPSEs not domperidone
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18
Q

Antiemetics

H1-Receptor antagonists

A

-Cylizine, cinnarizine,promethazine
- DROWSINESS
- anticholinergic effects (dry mouth )
-

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19
Q

Antiemetics

PHENOTHIAZINES

A
  • Prochloroperazine, Chlorpromazine
  • DROWSINESS
  • ## POSTURAL - - - HYPOTENSION
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20
Q

Antiemetics

5-HT3- RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS

A
  • Ondansetron/Gransetron
  • constipation,diarhea, headaches
  • UNLIKELY TO CAUSE SIGNIFICANT SIDE EFFECTS
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21
Q

ANTIFUNGALS

A

-Clotrimazole, Fluconazole, Nystatin
- GI upset with Fluconazole AVOID IN PREGNANCY
-Fluconazole many interactions (inhibitor)
ORAL NYSTATIN taken after food, advise patient to hold it in the mouth to make sure contact with the lesions

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22
Q

ANTIHISTAMINES

A
  • Cetirizine/loratadine/fexofenadine/chlorphenamine
  • SEDATION
  • DOES NOT HELP WITH NASAL CONGESTION
  • AVOID WITH ALCOHOL, MAKES MORE SEDATING
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23
Q

ANTIMOTILITY DRUGS

A
  • Loperamide, Codeine Phosphate
  • AVOIDED if C.Diff
  • do not take for more than 5 days
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24
Q

Antimuscarinics

BRONCHODILATORS

A
  • Ipratropium, Tiotropium, Glycoppyronim
  • QID OR PRN
  • DRY MOUTH
  • CAUTION WITH CLOSE ANGLE GLAUCOMA (can raise intraocular pressure)
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25
Antimuscarinics | GENITOURINARY
- Oxybutinin/Tolterodine/Solifenacin - to control overactive bladders - DRY MOUTH, CONSTIPATION, DROWSINESS/CONFUSION( avoid in elderly) C/I - closed angle glaucoma, UTI
26
Antipsychotics | FIRST GENERATION
- Haloperidol, Prochlorperazine, Chlorpromazine - EPSEs/DROWSINESS/HYPOTENSION/ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION - AVOID IN DEMENTIA AND PARKINSONS
27
Antipsychotics | SECOND GENERATION
- Quetiapine/Olanzapine/Risperidone/Clozapine - SEDATION/WEIGHT GAIN/DIABETES/SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION - ARGRANULOCYTOSIS (with clozapine)
28
Aspirin
- GI irritation, bronchospasm - TAKE AFTER FOOD - NOT UNDER 16 YEARS (reyes syndrome) - AVOID IN 3RD TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY - AVOID IN GOUT (can trigger acute attack)
29
Benzodiazepines
- Diazepam, Temazepam, Lorazepam, Chlordiazepxide, Midazolam - DROWSINESS/SEDATION
30
Beta2-agonists
- -- Salbutamol,Salmeterol,Formoterol,Terbutaline | - PALITATIONS/ANXIETY/TREMORS
31
Beta-Blockers
- FATIGUE/COLD EXTREMITIES, HEADACHE, NAUSEA, SLEEP DISTURBANCE , IMPOTENCE - AVOID in asthma - not used with verapamil/diltiazem - taken at equivalent intervals everyday
32
Bishosphonates
- can cause OESOPHAGITIS , OSTEONECROSIS OF THE JAW - absorption reduced by calcium, antacids and iron salts - SWALLOED WHOLE 30 MINS BEFORE BREAKFAST WITH LOTS OF WATER AND STAY UPRIGHT FOR 30 MINS AFTER
33
Calcium and Vitamin D
-calcium can cause dyspepsia, constipation -Calcium reduces absorption of : >BISPHOSPHONATES >TETRACYCLINES >SYNTHROID >IRON SEPERATED BY AT LEAST 4 HOURS
34
CCBs
-ANKLE SWELLING, FLUSHING, HEADACHES, PALPITATIONS
35
Carbamazepine
- GI UPSET, SKIN RASH - PREGNANCY - should take folic acid before conceiving - INHIBITOR
36
Cephalosporins and Carbapenems
- Cephalexin, Cefotaxime, Meropenem, Ertapenem - for UTIs or respiratory tract infections - Cross sensitivity to penicillin-allergic patients - GI upset - CAREFUL WITH PATIENTS AT RISK OF C.DIFF
37
Clopidogrel
- can cause BLEEDING - GI upset, Dyspepsia, Abdoominal pain, diarrhoea - efficacy reduced by inhibitors as its a prodrug and needs to be metabolised by C p450 enzyme - WITH OR WITHOUT FOOD
38
Compound (beta2-agonist ) inhalers
- Symbicort,Seretide - ICS+LABA - ORAL THRUSH - RINSE MOUTH AND GARGLE
39
Corticosteroids (systemic)
- Osteoporosis, mood changes, immunosuppression, skin thinning - AVOID IN CHILDREN (can suppress growth ) - reduce immune response to vaccines
40
Corticosteroids(inhaled)
- Oral Candidiasis - adrenal suppression, growth suppression, osteoporosis - BID DOSING
41
Corticosteroids (topical)
-Skin thinning, contact dermatitis
42
Digoxin
- GI upset, rash, blurred (yellow) vision, bradycardia | - WITH OR WITHOUT FOOD
43
Dipyridamole
- headaches, flushing, GI symptoms | - WITH FOOD
44
Diuretics (LOOP)
- can cause dehydration | - TAKEN IN MORNING
45
Diuretics (K+ sparing)
- GI upset | - TAKE in morning
46
Diuretics (thiazide and thiazide-like)
- HYPONATREMIA, HYPOKALEMIA - IMPOTENCE IN MEN -AVOID NSAIDS
47
Dopaminergic Drugs (for Parkinsons)
- Levodopa, Pramipexol, Ropinirole | - NAUSEA, DROWSINESS, CONFUSION, HALLUCINATION, HYPOTENSION
48
Emollients
- help replace water content in dry skin - APPLY IN DIRECTION OF HAIR GROWTH TO REDUCE THE RISK OF FOLLICULITIS - CAN TAKE SEVERAL DAYS/WEEKS FOR EFFECT
49
Fibrinolytic Drugs
- Altepase/Streptokinase - nausea, vomiting, bruising - INTRACRANIAL HAEMORRAGE MUST BE EXCLUDED BEFORE STARTING THIS
50
Gabapentin and Pregablin
- Neuropathic pain, GAD, migraine prophylaxis - DROWSINESS, DIZZINESS, ATAXIA (improve within first few weeks of treatment) - DOSE DECREASED IN RENAL IMPAIRMENT
51
H2-receptor antagonists
- Ranitidine - less side effects (constipation/diarrhoea), headache - BEFORE, WITH OR AFTER FOOD
52
Heparins and Fondaparinux
- Enoxaparin, Dalteparin, Fondaparinux, UFH | - main SE is BLEEDING
53
Insulin
- Aspart/Glargine/Biphasic/Soluble - main SE is HYPOGLYCEMIA - Tell patients the signs of hypoglycemia
54
Iron
- iron is best absorbed in its ferrous form in duodenum and jejunum - take with ascorbic acid (vit. C) for more absorption - black stools - GI UPSET - CAN REDUCE ABSORPTION OF SYNTHROID AND BISPHOSPHONATES (separate at least 2 hours) - better absorbed on empty stomach but can have with food to prevent GI upset
55
Laxatives | BULK FORMING
- Ispaghula husk, Methylcellulose, Sterculia - FLATULENCE - TAKE AROUND MEAL TIMES - WITH PLENTY OF WATER
56
Laxatives | OSMOTIC
- Lactulose, Phosphate Enema | - FLATULENCE, ABDOMINAL CRAMPS
57
Laxatives | Stimulant
- Senna , Bisacodyl, Glycerol, Docsuate sodium - have good liquid intake, 6-8 glasses if liquid per day - ABDOMINAL CRAMPS/FLATULENCE SEs but will get better over time
58
Lidocaine
-initial burning sensation
59
Macrolides
- Erythromycin, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin - NAUSEA, AB PAIN, DIARRHIEA - WITH OR WITHOUT FOOD - Report if any rash occurs
60
Metformin
- increases sensitivity to insulin - GI UPSET, NAUSEA, TASTE DISTURBANCE, ANOREXIA, DIARRHOEA - WITH FOOD
61
Methotrexate
- for rheumatoid arthritis - SORE MOUTH, GI UPSET, BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION - TERATOGENIC
62
Metronidazole
- GI UPSET | - NO ALCOHOL even after 48 hours of last dose
63
Naloxone
- opioid toxicity
64
Nicorandil
- prevention and treatment of chest pain in people with stable angina - FLUSHING, DIZZINESS,HEADACHES
65
NRT and related drugs
- Nicotine, Varenicline, Bupropion - LOCAL IRRITATION, GI UPSET -patches applied in morning on dry hairless skin and taken off at night to prevent insomnia - applied to a different site each day to prevent local irritation -
66
Nitrates
- isosorbide mononitrate, glyceryl trinitrate - FLUSHING, HEADACHES, HYPOTENSION - because of postural hypotension, advise to sit down and rest before and for 5 mins after taking SL GTN
67
Nitrofurantoin
- GI UPSET - not in PREGNANCY - TAKE WITH FOOD OR MILK - change in URINE color (dark yellow/brown)
68
NSAIDs
- GI risks/ CV risks - WITH FOOD - most common side effect is indigestion
69
Ocular Lubricants (artificial tears)
- gels retain for longer than solutions | - ointments are highly viscous will have greater protection but will cause blurred vision
70
Estrogens and Progestrogens
- contraception may cause IRREGULAR BLEEDING and MOOD CHANGES
71
Opioids | compound preparations
- with or without food | - co-codamol . co-dydramol
72
Opioids
- can cause respiratory depression | - CONSTIPATION
73
OXYGEN
- dry throat
74
Paracetamol
- max 4g daily | - every 6 hours
75
Penicillins
- seek medical advice if rash occurs | - GI upset
76
Phenytoin
- can cause change in appearance, skin coarsening, acne, gum hypertrophy - ENZYME INDUCER - WITH OR AFTER FOOD
77
Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors
- Sildenafil (Viagra) - FLUSHING, HEADACHE, DIZZINES, HYPOTENSION, PALPITATIONS - ONSET DELAYED IF TAKEN WITH FOOD - taken an hour before sex
78
Prostaglandin analogue eye drops
- Latansoprost/Bimatoprost - to lower intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma - BLURRED VISION, OCULAR IRRITATION , PERMANENT CHANGE IN EYE COLOR - BEST TO ADMINISTER IN THE EVENING - REMOVE CONTACT LENSES , can put back after 15 mins
79
Proton Pump Inhibitors
- GI UPSET, HEADACHE - increased risk of C. diff in patients taking ppis -
80
Quinine
- prevention of nigh-time leg cramps - Malaria - TERATOGENIC (do not give in first trimester)
81
Quinolones
- Ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin - GI UPSET - PROLONG QT INTERVAL
82
Statins
- GI DISTURBANCES/ HEADACHE/ MYOPATHY - AVOID IN PREGNANCY AND BREASTFEEDING - TAKEN IN EVENING (higher effect when dietary intake is lowest|) - Avoid grapefruit juice if taking simva or atorva
83
Sulfonylureas
- Gliclazide - stimulates pancreatic insulin secretion - GI UPSET, HYPOGLYCEMIA - TAKE WITH FOOD
84
Tetracyclines
- NAUSEA, VOMMITING, DIARRHEA - PHOTOSENSITIVITY - DISCOLORATION OF ENAMEL - NOT IN PREGNANCY/ BREASTFEEDING
85
Tetracyclines
- NAUSEA, VOMMITING, DIARRHEA - PHOTOSENSITIVITY - DISCOLORATION OF ENAMEL - NOT IN PREGNANCY/ BREASTFEEDING OR UNDER 12 YEARS - SWALLOWED WHOLE WITH PLENTY OF WATER TO STOP THEM FROM GETTING STUCK IN ESOPHAGUS AND CAUSING ULCERATION
86
Thiazolidinedones
- Pioglitazone - GI UPSET, ANEMIA - TAKEN IN MORNING WITH GLASS OF WATER - WITH OR WITHOUT FOOD
87
Thyroid Hormones
- 4 hours separation required with antacids, iron, calcium
88
Trimethoprim
- first choice for UTI - GI UPSET, SKIN RASH -CI in first trimester of pregnancy
89
Valproate
- GI UPSET, NEUROLOGICAL AND PSYCHIATRIC EFFECTS - AVOIDED IN FIRST TRIMESTER, CONCEPTION AND WOMEN OF CHILD BEARING AGE - TAKE WITH FOOD to avoid SEs
90
Vancomycin
- RED MAN SYNDROME | - OTOTOXICITY, NEPHROTOXICITY
91
Warfarin
- BLEEDING - NOT USED IN FIRST TRIMESTER -TAKE IT SAME TIME EVERYDAY
92
Z-DRUGS
- Zopiclone, Zolpidem | - SLEEPINESS, TASTE DISTURBANCE, GI UPSET
93
5 Alpha- reductase inhibitors
- Finasteride, Dutasteride - BPH - IMPOTENCE, REDUCED LIBIDO - Can cause hair growth

Top 100 Drugs (1 decks)

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