Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Top 100 Drugs > Top 100 drugs > Flashcards

Top 100 drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Acetylcysteine

A
  • Antidote for paracetamol poisoning

- prevent renal injury due to renal contrast material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Activated charcoal

A
  • Reduce absorption of certain overdoses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Adenosine

A
  • For supraventricular tachycardia

SEs - bradycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Adrenaline

A

For anaphylaxis or cardiac arrest
AEs- headache, anxiety, palpitations, tremor
- can use another one if needed after 5-15 mins of first

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Alginates and Antacids

A
  • Magnesium causes diarrhea
  • Alluminium causes constipations
  • Can reduce absorption of :
    >ACEis
    >bisphosphonates
    >PPis
    >Digoxin
    >Antibiotics
    >Levothyroxine
    leave a gap of alteast 2 hours with these drugs
    -can start its affect within 20 mins and last for hours
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Allopurinol

A
  • most common side effect is skin rash
  • co-administration with amoxicillin, ACEis, and thiazides can increase hypersensitivity
    TAKEN AFTER MEALS
    DRINK PLENTY OF FLUIDS (1-2 L)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Aldosterone Antagonists

A

-Spirinolactone/Epelerone
TAKEN WITH FOOD
-can cause hyperkalemia (muscle weakness), gynacomastea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Alpha-Blockers

A
  • BPH
  • Tamsulosin/Alfuzosin
  • can cause postural hypotension
  • initially may cause dizziness, advise to take at bedtime
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

Gentamycin/Amikacin

-can cause nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Aminosalicylates

A

Sulfasalazine/Mesalazine

- ASACOL(mesalazine) has a pH-sensitive coating, drugs like PPIs increase pH and can break coating prematurely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Amiodarone

A
  • avoid in hypotension, thyroid disease and heart block

- when taking, report any incidents of weight loss, breathlessness, jaundice, persistent cough, tiredness, restlessness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ACIs

A

-hypotension (after first dose)
- hyperkalemia
- dry cough
-rash
AVOID IN PREGNANCY
AVOID IN ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY
TAKEN WITH OR WITHOUT FOOD
AVOID TAKING NSAIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ARBs

A
  • can cause hyperkalemia/renal failure
  • AVOID IN PREGNANCY/BREASTFEEDING
  • AVOID IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
  • TAKEN WITHOR WITHOUT FOOD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Antidepressants

SSRIs

A
  • GI upset, weight gain/loss, rash , suicidal ideations, QT prolongation, lower seizure threshold
  • CAN INCREASE RISK OF BLEEDING
  • DO NOT STOP TREATMENT ABRUPTLY, even if they start feeling better
  • carryon with the medication for at least 6 months
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Antidepressants

TCAs and others

A
  • can cause sexual dysfunction, sedation, withdrawl, hallucinations
  • symptoms will imrove over a few weeks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Antidepressants

Venlafaxine and Mirtazapine

A
  • mirtazapine given at night to reduce its sedative effects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Antiemetics

D2-receptor antagonits

A
  • Metoclopramide/Domperidone
  • causes diarrhea
  • metonia can cause EPSEs not domperidone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Antiemetics

H1-Receptor antagonists

A

-Cylizine, cinnarizine,promethazine
- DROWSINESS
- anticholinergic effects (dry mouth )
-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Antiemetics

PHENOTHIAZINES

A
  • Prochloroperazine, Chlorpromazine
  • DROWSINESS
  • ## POSTURAL - - - HYPOTENSION
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Antiemetics

5-HT3- RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS

A
  • Ondansetron/Gransetron
  • constipation,diarhea, headaches
  • UNLIKELY TO CAUSE SIGNIFICANT SIDE EFFECTS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ANTIFUNGALS

A

-Clotrimazole, Fluconazole, Nystatin
- GI upset with Fluconazole AVOID IN PREGNANCY
-Fluconazole many interactions (inhibitor)
ORAL NYSTATIN taken after food, advise patient to hold it in the mouth to make sure contact with the lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ANTIHISTAMINES

A
  • Cetirizine/loratadine/fexofenadine/chlorphenamine
  • SEDATION
  • DOES NOT HELP WITH NASAL CONGESTION
  • AVOID WITH ALCOHOL, MAKES MORE SEDATING
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

ANTIMOTILITY DRUGS

A
  • Loperamide, Codeine Phosphate
  • AVOIDED if C.Diff
  • do not take for more than 5 days
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Antimuscarinics

BRONCHODILATORS

A
  • Ipratropium, Tiotropium, Glycoppyronim
  • QID OR PRN
  • DRY MOUTH
  • CAUTION WITH CLOSE ANGLE GLAUCOMA (can raise intraocular pressure)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Antimuscarinics

GENITOURINARY

A
  • Oxybutinin/Tolterodine/Solifenacin
  • to control overactive bladders
  • DRY MOUTH, CONSTIPATION, DROWSINESS/CONFUSION( avoid in elderly)
    C/I - closed angle glaucoma, UTI
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Antipsychotics

FIRST GENERATION

A
  • Haloperidol, Prochlorperazine, Chlorpromazine
  • EPSEs/DROWSINESS/HYPOTENSION/ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION
  • AVOID IN DEMENTIA AND PARKINSONS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Antipsychotics

SECOND GENERATION

A
  • Quetiapine/Olanzapine/Risperidone/Clozapine
  • SEDATION/WEIGHT GAIN/DIABETES/SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION
  • ARGRANULOCYTOSIS (with clozapine)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Aspirin

A
  • GI irritation, bronchospasm
  • TAKE AFTER FOOD
  • NOT UNDER 16 YEARS (reyes syndrome)
  • AVOID IN 3RD TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY
  • AVOID IN GOUT (can trigger acute attack)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Benzodiazepines

A
  • Diazepam, Temazepam, Lorazepam, Chlordiazepxide, Midazolam
  • DROWSINESS/SEDATION
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Beta2-agonists

A
  • – Salbutamol,Salmeterol,Formoterol,Terbutaline

- PALITATIONS/ANXIETY/TREMORS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Beta-Blockers

A
  • FATIGUE/COLD EXTREMITIES, HEADACHE, NAUSEA, SLEEP DISTURBANCE , IMPOTENCE
  • AVOID in asthma
  • not used with verapamil/diltiazem
  • taken at equivalent intervals everyday
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Bishosphonates

A
  • can cause OESOPHAGITIS
    , OSTEONECROSIS OF THE JAW
  • absorption reduced by calcium, antacids and iron salts
  • SWALLOED WHOLE 30 MINS BEFORE BREAKFAST WITH LOTS OF WATER AND STAY UPRIGHT FOR 30 MINS AFTER
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Calcium and Vitamin D

A

-calcium can cause dyspepsia, constipation
-Calcium reduces absorption of :
>BISPHOSPHONATES
>TETRACYCLINES
>SYNTHROID
>IRON
SEPERATED BY AT LEAST 4 HOURS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

CCBs

A

-ANKLE SWELLING, FLUSHING, HEADACHES, PALPITATIONS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Carbamazepine

A
  • GI UPSET, SKIN RASH
  • PREGNANCY - should take folic acid before conceiving
  • INHIBITOR
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Cephalosporins and Carbapenems

A
  • Cephalexin, Cefotaxime, Meropenem, Ertapenem
  • for UTIs or respiratory tract infections
  • Cross sensitivity to penicillin-allergic patients
  • GI upset
  • CAREFUL WITH PATIENTS AT RISK OF C.DIFF
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Clopidogrel

A
  • can cause BLEEDING
  • GI upset, Dyspepsia, Abdoominal pain, diarrhoea
  • efficacy reduced by inhibitors as its a prodrug and needs to be metabolised by C p450 enzyme
  • WITH OR WITHOUT FOOD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Compound (beta2-agonist ) inhalers

A
  • Symbicort,Seretide
  • ICS+LABA
  • ORAL THRUSH
  • RINSE MOUTH AND GARGLE
39
Q

Corticosteroids (systemic)

A
  • Osteoporosis, mood changes, immunosuppression, skin thinning
  • AVOID IN CHILDREN (can suppress growth )
  • reduce immune response to vaccines
40
Q

Corticosteroids(inhaled)

A
  • Oral Candidiasis
  • adrenal suppression, growth suppression, osteoporosis
  • BID DOSING
41
Q

Corticosteroids (topical)

A

-Skin thinning, contact dermatitis

42
Q

Digoxin

A
  • GI upset, rash, blurred (yellow) vision, bradycardia

- WITH OR WITHOUT FOOD

43
Q

Dipyridamole

A
  • headaches, flushing, GI symptoms

- WITH FOOD

44
Q

Diuretics (LOOP)

A
  • can cause dehydration

- TAKEN IN MORNING

45
Q

Diuretics (K+ sparing)

A
  • GI upset

- TAKE in morning

46
Q

Diuretics (thiazide and thiazide-like)

A
  • HYPONATREMIA, HYPOKALEMIA
  • IMPOTENCE IN MEN

-AVOID NSAIDS

47
Q

Dopaminergic Drugs (for Parkinsons)

A
  • Levodopa, Pramipexol, Ropinirole

- NAUSEA, DROWSINESS, CONFUSION, HALLUCINATION, HYPOTENSION

48
Q

Emollients

A
  • help replace water content in dry skin
  • APPLY IN DIRECTION OF HAIR GROWTH TO REDUCE THE RISK OF FOLLICULITIS
  • CAN TAKE SEVERAL DAYS/WEEKS FOR EFFECT
49
Q

Fibrinolytic Drugs

A
  • Altepase/Streptokinase
  • nausea, vomiting, bruising
  • INTRACRANIAL HAEMORRAGE MUST BE EXCLUDED BEFORE STARTING THIS
50
Q

Gabapentin and Pregablin

A
  • Neuropathic pain, GAD, migraine prophylaxis
  • DROWSINESS, DIZZINESS, ATAXIA (improve within first few weeks of treatment)
  • DOSE DECREASED IN RENAL IMPAIRMENT
51
Q

H2-receptor antagonists

A
  • Ranitidine
  • less side effects (constipation/diarrhoea), headache
  • BEFORE, WITH OR AFTER FOOD
52
Q

Heparins and Fondaparinux

A
  • Enoxaparin, Dalteparin, Fondaparinux, UFH

- main SE is BLEEDING

53
Q

Insulin

A
  • Aspart/Glargine/Biphasic/Soluble
  • main SE is HYPOGLYCEMIA
  • Tell patients the signs of hypoglycemia
54
Q

Iron

A
  • iron is best absorbed in its ferrous form in duodenum and jejunum
  • take with ascorbic acid (vit. C) for more absorption
  • black stools
  • GI UPSET
  • CAN REDUCE ABSORPTION OF SYNTHROID AND BISPHOSPHONATES (separate at least 2 hours)
  • better absorbed on empty stomach but can have with food to prevent GI upset
55
Q

Laxatives

BULK FORMING

A
  • Ispaghula husk, Methylcellulose, Sterculia
  • FLATULENCE
  • TAKE AROUND MEAL TIMES
  • WITH PLENTY OF WATER
56
Q

Laxatives

OSMOTIC

A
  • Lactulose, Phosphate Enema

- FLATULENCE, ABDOMINAL CRAMPS

57
Q

Laxatives

Stimulant

A
  • Senna , Bisacodyl, Glycerol, Docsuate sodium
  • have good liquid intake, 6-8 glasses if liquid per day
  • ABDOMINAL CRAMPS/FLATULENCE SEs but will get better over time
58
Q

Lidocaine

A

-initial burning sensation

59
Q

Macrolides

A
  • Erythromycin, Azithromycin, Clarithromycin
  • NAUSEA, AB PAIN, DIARRHIEA
  • WITH OR WITHOUT FOOD
  • Report if any rash occurs
60
Q

Metformin

A
  • increases sensitivity to insulin
  • GI UPSET, NAUSEA, TASTE DISTURBANCE, ANOREXIA, DIARRHOEA
  • WITH FOOD
61
Q

Methotrexate

A
  • for rheumatoid arthritis
  • SORE MOUTH, GI UPSET, BONE MARROW SUPPRESSION
  • TERATOGENIC
62
Q

Metronidazole

A
  • GI UPSET

- NO ALCOHOL even after 48 hours of last dose

63
Q

Naloxone

A
  • opioid toxicity
64
Q

Nicorandil

A
  • prevention and treatment of chest pain in people with stable angina
  • FLUSHING, DIZZINESS,HEADACHES
65
Q

NRT and related drugs

A
  • Nicotine, Varenicline, Bupropion
  • LOCAL IRRITATION, GI UPSET
    -patches applied in morning on dry hairless skin and taken off at night to prevent insomnia
  • ## applied to a different site each day to prevent local irritation
66
Q

Nitrates

A
  • isosorbide mononitrate, glyceryl trinitrate
  • FLUSHING, HEADACHES, HYPOTENSION
  • because of postural hypotension, advise to sit down and rest before and for 5 mins after taking SL GTN
67
Q

Nitrofurantoin

A
  • GI UPSET
  • not in PREGNANCY
  • TAKE WITH FOOD OR MILK
  • change in URINE color (dark yellow/brown)
68
Q

NSAIDs

A
  • GI risks/ CV risks
  • WITH FOOD
  • most common side effect is indigestion
69
Q

Ocular Lubricants (artificial tears)

A
  • gels retain for longer than solutions

- ointments are highly viscous will have greater protection but will cause blurred vision

70
Q

Estrogens and Progestrogens

A
  • contraception may cause IRREGULAR BLEEDING and MOOD CHANGES
71
Q

Opioids

compound preparations

A
  • with or without food

- co-codamol . co-dydramol

72
Q

Opioids

A
  • can cause respiratory depression

- CONSTIPATION

73
Q

OXYGEN

A
  • dry throat
74
Q

Paracetamol

A
  • max 4g daily

- every 6 hours

75
Q

Penicillins

A
  • seek medical advice if rash occurs

- GI upset

76
Q

Phenytoin

A
  • can cause change in appearance, skin coarsening, acne, gum hypertrophy
  • ENZYME INDUCER
  • WITH OR AFTER FOOD
77
Q

Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors

A
  • Sildenafil (Viagra)
  • FLUSHING, HEADACHE, DIZZINES, HYPOTENSION, PALPITATIONS
  • ONSET DELAYED IF TAKEN WITH FOOD
  • taken an hour before sex
78
Q

Prostaglandin analogue eye drops

A
  • Latansoprost/Bimatoprost
  • to lower intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma
  • BLURRED VISION, OCULAR IRRITATION , PERMANENT CHANGE IN EYE COLOR
  • BEST TO ADMINISTER IN THE EVENING
  • REMOVE CONTACT LENSES , can put back after 15 mins
79
Q

Proton Pump Inhibitors

A
  • GI UPSET, HEADACHE
  • ## increased risk of C. diff in patients taking ppis
80
Q

Quinine

A
  • prevention of nigh-time leg cramps
  • Malaria
  • TERATOGENIC (do not give in first trimester)
81
Q

Quinolones

A
  • Ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin, levofloxacin
  • GI UPSET
  • PROLONG QT INTERVAL
82
Q

Statins

A
  • GI DISTURBANCES/ HEADACHE/ MYOPATHY
  • AVOID IN PREGNANCY AND BREASTFEEDING
  • TAKEN IN EVENING (higher effect when dietary intake is lowest|)
  • Avoid grapefruit juice if taking simva or atorva
83
Q

Sulfonylureas

A
  • Gliclazide
  • stimulates pancreatic insulin secretion
  • GI UPSET, HYPOGLYCEMIA
  • TAKE WITH FOOD
84
Q

Tetracyclines

A
  • NAUSEA, VOMMITING, DIARRHEA
  • PHOTOSENSITIVITY
  • DISCOLORATION OF ENAMEL
  • NOT IN PREGNANCY/ BREASTFEEDING
85
Q

Tetracyclines

A
  • NAUSEA, VOMMITING, DIARRHEA
  • PHOTOSENSITIVITY
  • DISCOLORATION OF ENAMEL
  • NOT IN PREGNANCY/ BREASTFEEDING OR UNDER 12 YEARS
  • SWALLOWED WHOLE WITH PLENTY OF WATER TO STOP THEM FROM GETTING STUCK IN ESOPHAGUS AND CAUSING ULCERATION
86
Q

Thiazolidinedones

A
  • Pioglitazone
  • GI UPSET, ANEMIA
  • TAKEN IN MORNING WITH GLASS OF WATER
  • WITH OR WITHOUT FOOD
87
Q

Thyroid Hormones

A
  • 4 hours separation required with antacids, iron, calcium
88
Q

Trimethoprim

A
  • first choice for UTI
  • GI UPSET, SKIN RASH

-CI in first trimester of pregnancy

89
Q

Valproate

A
  • GI UPSET, NEUROLOGICAL AND PSYCHIATRIC EFFECTS
  • AVOIDED IN FIRST TRIMESTER, CONCEPTION AND WOMEN OF CHILD BEARING AGE
  • TAKE WITH FOOD to avoid SEs
90
Q

Vancomycin

A
  • RED MAN SYNDROME

- OTOTOXICITY, NEPHROTOXICITY

91
Q

Warfarin

A
  • BLEEDING
  • NOT USED IN FIRST TRIMESTER

-TAKE IT SAME TIME EVERYDAY

92
Q

Z-DRUGS

A
  • Zopiclone, Zolpidem

- SLEEPINESS, TASTE DISTURBANCE, GI UPSET

93
Q

5 Alpha- reductase inhibitors

A
  • Finasteride, Dutasteride
  • BPH
  • IMPOTENCE, REDUCED LIBIDO
  • Can cause hair growth

Top 100 Drugs (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions