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Top 100 drugs Flashcards

1
Q

finasteride Class

A

5a-reductase inh

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2
Q

finasteride Mechanism

A

inh 5a-reductase (T ➝ DHT); DHT ↑ prostatic growth

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3
Q

finasteride Indications and Dose

A

Ⅰ benign prostatic hyperplasia (2nd line after a-blockers; 5mg OD) Ⅱ androgenetic alopecia in men (1mg OD)

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4
Q

finasteride Interactions

A

-

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5
Q

finasteride Side effects

A

antiandrogen - impotence & ↓ libido (transient), breast tenderness and gynaecomastia (see doctor), hair growth, breast cancer; depression and suicidal thoughts

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6
Q

finasteride Patient groups

A

✘pregnant women - avoid exposure (broken tablets and semen) - abnormal genitals in male fetus

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7
Q

finasteride Administration

A

swallow whole

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8
Q

dutasteride Class

A

5a-reductase inh

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9
Q

dutasteride Mechanism

A

inh 5a-reductase (T ➝ DHT); DHT ↑ prostatic growth

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10
Q

dutasteride Indications and Dose

A

Ⅰ benign prostatic hyperplasia (2nd line after a-blockers; 500mcg OD)

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11
Q

dutasteride Interactions

A

↑↑ - ↑exposure to dutasteride

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12
Q

dutasteride Side effects

A

antiandrogen - impotence and ↓ libido (transient), breast tenderness and gynaecomastia (see doctor), hair growth, breast cancer; depression

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13
Q

dutasteride Patient groups

A

✘pregnant women - avoid exposure (broken capsules and semen) - abnormal genitals in male fetus ✘severe hepatic impairment

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14
Q

dutasteride Administration

A

-

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15
Q

doxazosin Class

A

a-blockers

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16
Q

doxazosin Mechanism

A

↑ a1-adrenoceptor selective (smooth muscle - blood vessels, urinary tract) - blockade → relaxation

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17
Q

doxazosin Indications and Dose

A

Ⅰ resistant hypertension (add-on if other meds insufficient; 1mg OD/4mg MR OD start, max 16mg/8mg MR OD) Ⅱ benign prostatic hyperplasia (1st line when lifestyle changes insufficient; 1mg OD/4mg MR OD start, max 8mg/8mg MR OD)

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18
Q

doxazosin Interactions

A

other BP meds, esp b-blockers - avoid 1st dose hypotension omitting some doses

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19
Q

doxazosin Side effects

A

postural hypotension, dizziness, syncope - esp after 1st dose

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20
Q

doxazosin Patient groups

A

✘history of postural hypotension ✘history of micturition syncope ▲care with initial dose (postural hypotension) ▲heart failure ✘severe hepatic impairment (↑half-life)

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21
Q

doxazosin Administration

A

at night initially (marked BP lowering effect)

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22
Q

tamsulosin Class

A

a-blockers

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23
Q

tamsulosin Mechanism

A

↑ a1-adrenoceptor selective (smooth muscle - blood vessels, urinary tract) - blockade → relaxation

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24
Q

tamsulosin Indications and Dose

A

Ⅰ benign prostatic hyperplasia (1st line when lifestyle changes insufficient; 400mcg OD)

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25
Q

tamsulosin Interactions

A

other BP meds, esp b-blockers - avoid 1st dose hypotension omitting some doses

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26
Q

tamsulosin Side effects

A

postural hypotension, dizziness, syncope - esp after 1st dose

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27
Q

tamsulosin Patient groups

A

✘history of postural hypotension ✘history of micturition syncope ▲care with initial dose (postural hypotension) ▲renal impairment ✘severe hepatic impairment

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28
Q

tamsulosin Administration

A

swallow whole (as MR)

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29
Q

alfuzosin Class

A

a-blockers

30
Q

alfuzosin Mechanism

A

↑ a1-adrenoceptor selective (smooth muscle - blood vessels, urinary tract) - blockade → relaxation

31
Q

alfuzosin Indications and Dose

A

Ⅰ benign prostatic hyperplasia (1st line when lifestyle changes insufficient; 2.5mg TDS/10mg MR OD, max 10mg OD) Ⅱ acute urinary retention in BPH (10mg MR OD 2-3d, max 4d)

32
Q

alfuzosin Interactions

A

other BP meds, esp b-blockers - avoid 1st dose hypotension omitting some doses

33
Q

alfuzosin Side effects

A

postural hypotension, dizziness, syncope - esp after 1st dose

34
Q

alfuzosin Patient groups

A

✘history of postural hypotension ✘history of micturition syncope ▲care with initial dose (postural hypotension) ▲heart failure ▲renal impairment ✘severe hepatic impairment (↑half-life)

35
Q

alfuzosin Administration

36
Q

donepezil Class

A

AChE inh (rev)

37
Q

donepezil Mechanism

A

inh ACE ➝ ↑ACh (learning & memory)

38
Q

donepezil Indications and Dose

A

Ⅰ dementia in Alzheimer’s (mild-moderate; 5mg ON, max 10mg ON)

39
Q

donepezil Interactions

A

▲NSAIDs, corticoids - peptic ulcer ▲antipsychotics - neuroleptic malignant syndrome ▲b-blockers - bradycardia, heart block

40
Q

donepezil Side effects

A

↑cholinergic in PNS - nausea, diarrhoea, vomiting, exacerbation of asthma & COPD, peptic ulcers, bleeding, bradycardia, heart block; ↑cholinergic in CNS - hallucinations, aggressive, extrapiramidal, neuroleptic malignant syndrome

41
Q

donepezil Patient groups

A

▲asthma ▲COPD ▲peptic ulcers ✘heart block ✘sick sinus syndrome ▲mild-moderate hepatic impairment (↑exposure)

42
Q

donepezil Administration

A

if vivid dreams, take OM

43
Q

rivastigmine Class

A

AChE inh (rev)

44
Q

rivastigmine Mechanism

A

inh ACE ➝ ↑ACh (learning & memory)

45
Q

rivastigmine Indications and Dose

A

Ⅰ dementia in Alzheimer’s (mild-moderate; 1.5mg BD start, 3-6mg BD; TDP) Ⅱ dementia in Parkinson’s (mild-moderate; 1.5mg BD start, 3-6mg BD)

46
Q

rivastigmine Interactions

A

▲NSAIDs, corticoids - peptic ulcer ▲antipsychotics - neuroleptic malignant syndrome ▲b-blockers - bradycardia, heart block

47
Q

rivastigmine Side effects

A

↑cholinergic in PNS - nausea, diarrhoea, vomiting, exacerbation of asthma & COPD, peptic ulcers, bleeding, bradycardia, heart block; ↑cholinergic in CNS - hallucinations, aggressive, extrapiramidal, neuroleptic malignant syndrome

48
Q

rivastigmine Patient groups

A

▲asthma ▲COPD ▲peptic ulcers ✘heart block ✘sick sinus syndrome ▲mild-moderate hepatic impairment (↑exposure)

49
Q

rivastigmine Administration

A

with food; swallow whole

50
Q

galantamine Class

A

AChE inh (rev); nicotinic R agonist

51
Q

galantamine Mechanism

A

inh ACE ➝ ↑ACh (learning & memory)

52
Q

galantamine Indications and Dose

A

Ⅰ dementia in Alzheimer’s (mild-moderately severe; 8-12mg BD/16-24mg MR OD)

53
Q

galantamine Interactions

A

▲NSAIDs, corticoids - peptic ulcer ▲antipsychotics - neuroleptic malignant syndrome ▲b-blockers - bradycardia, heart block

54
Q

galantamine Side effects

A

↑cholinergic in PNS - nausea, diarrhoea, vomiting, exacerbation of asthma & COPD, peptic ulcers, bleeding, bradycardia, heart block; ↑cholinergic in CNS - hallucinations, aggressive, extrapiramidal, neuroleptic malignant syndrome; serious skin reactions

55
Q

galantamine Patient groups

A

▲asthma ▲COPD ▲peptic ulcers ✘heart block ✘sick sinus syndrome ▲mild-moderate hepatic impairment (↑exposure) ▲pregnancy and breast-feeding

56
Q

galantamine Administration

57
Q

N-acetylcysteine Class

A

antidote; mucolytic; lubricant

58
Q

N-acetylcysteine Mechanism

A

↑glutathione (paracetamol ➝ NAPQI ➝ detox with glutathione); breaks disulphide bonds in mucus matrix ➝ ↓viscosity

59
Q

N-acetylcysteine Indications and Dose

A

Ⅰ paracetamol overdosage (IV infusion) Ⅱ mucolytic in hospital (outside - carbocysteine; 600mg OD) Ⅲ tear deficiency/impaired mucus production (apply TDS/QDS to eye)

60
Q

N-acetylcysteine Interactions

61
Q

N-acetylcysteine Side effects

A

IV - anaphylactoid reaction (nausea, tachycardia, rash, wheeze) - give antihistamine ± bronchodilator

62
Q

N-acetylcysteine Patient groups

A

▲asthma ▲atopy ▲peptic ulcers

63
Q

N-acetylcysteine Administration

64
Q

activated charcoal Class

A

intestinal adsorbent

65
Q

activated charcoal Mechanism

A

charcoal adsorbes weakly ionic hydrophobic molecules (due to VdW forces) ➝ ↓absorption, ↑elimination

66
Q

activated charcoal Indications and Dose

A

Ⅰ ↓absorption of poisons in GI system (single dose) Ⅱ ↑elimination of poisons (multiple doses)

67
Q

activated charcoal Interactions

A

↓absorption of drugs taken therapeutically as well as in overdose

68
Q

activated charcoal Side effects

A

if aspirated - serious pulmonary complications; GI obstruction

69
Q

activated charcoal Patient groups

A

▲↓consciousness (aspiration) ▲vomiting (aspiration) ▲gut motility (obstruction)

70
Q

activated charcoal Administration

A

mixed with water (suspension)

MPharm (1 decks)

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