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100 Drugs > Top 100 Drugs > Flashcards

Top 100 Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Acetaminophen

A

Pain Relief / Analgesic
Inhibition of prostaglandin or cannabinoid receptors

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2
Q

Codeine

A

Pain Relief / Analgesic
Mu Opioid Receptor Agonist and open K+ channel to decrease hyperexcitability (Mostly with C and Aδ Fibres)

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3
Q

Albuterol

A

Anti-Asthamatic / Bronchidilator
Beta 2 Agonist that activates Gs/cAMP pathway to relax bronchi smooth muscle

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4
Q

Alendronate / Alendronic Acid

A

Treat (Post-Menopausal) Osteoperosis
Bisphosphate that is taken with Vitamin D to restore bones

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5
Q

Allopurinol

A

Treat Gout (Inflammatory Arthritis caused by Uric Acid Build Up)

Xanthinine Oxidase Inhibitor decreases uric acid production and prevent gout

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6
Q

Alprazolam

A

Anxiolytic (24 hrs)

Benzodiazepine (PAM) that increases frequency of Cl- Channel opening in GABA-A receptors (Potentiate GABA) and decrease glutaminergic activity

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7
Q

Amitriptyline

A

Treat Depression but now only used for neuropathic pain

Tricyclic Antidepressant that block NA and 5-HT reuptake to re-elevate mood.

Lots of side effects like a1-Antagonism (Postural Hypotension), H1-Antagonism (Sedation), M Antagonist (Constipation)

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8
Q

Amoxicillin

A

Broad Antibiotic

Penicillin mimics D-ala-D-ala motif and inhibit transpeptidase and prevent cross-linking of linear NAM-NAG polymers to inhibit cell wall synthesis

Hydrophilic and able to enter gram-negative bacteria via. porins but prone to beta-lactamase (Need Clavulanic Acid)

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9
Q

Amphetamine and Dextroamphetamine

A

Treat ADHD and Narcolepsy (Drowsy)

Increase Monoamines (NA/DA) in synapse and act as stimulant but could lead to hallucination and psychosis (Loud Speech + Chew Relentlessly + Strange Face Gestures)

… Opposite of Parkinson Patients

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10
Q

Atenolol

A

High BP, Chest Pain Treatment

Beta 1 Antagonist that decreases heart contractility, heart rate, renin release in Juxtaglomerular apparatus to decrease BP. (Water soluble = Long half-life)

Does not cause bronchoconstriction or peripheral Vasoconstriction since selective. BUT cause Type II Diabetes…?

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11
Q

Atorvastatin

A

Decrease cholesterol for patients with cardiovascular disease (or close)

  • Familial Hyperlipidaemias / Diabetes / Chronic Kidney Disease
  • Myocardial Infraction / Angina / Stroke

HMG-CoA reductase Inhibitor to decrease cholesterol synthesis , decrease VLDL synthesis and remove LDL from bloodstream by LDL receptors

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12
Q

Azithromycin

A

Macrolide Antibiotic that works on broad range of bacteria and mycobacteria.

Bind to 50S subunit and inhibit translocation of aminoacyl tRNA. Prevent grow of bacterial polypeptide since no incoming aminoacyl tRNA (Bacteriostatic)

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13
Q

Benazepril

A

Decrease BP (Treat Hypertension)

ACE Inhibitor that prevent Ang-I to Ang-II (Vasoconstrictor) and reduce Na+ Absorption via. decreasing Aldosterone action

This decreases ENaC expression on collecting duct and reduce Preload and afterload.

Therefore, reduce Cardiac Workload and improve Symptoms of heart failure and increase mortality rate.

ACE also cleaves Bradykinin → ACE Inhibitors increase Bradykinin-Mediated Vasodilation

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14
Q

Amlodipine

A

Decrease BP in angina and CHD patients

Calcium channel blocker that inhibit L-Type VG Ca2+ Channels and prevents Ca2+ Influx. This prevents vascular smooth muscle contraction and cause vasodilation (Decrease TPR/BP)

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15
Q

Carisoprodol

A

Muscle Relaxant for Spasms / Sedation

Possibly trigger GABA-A receptors and induce parasympathetic nerves to alter pain perception and induce sedation

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16
Q

Carvedilol

A

Treat Hypertension and Heart Failure

Vasodilating α1/β1 Antagonists

Block NA action on α1-adrenpreceptors on vasculature to induce vasodilation and decrease BP
Block NA action on β1-adrenpreceptors on heart to decrease HR/contractility

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17
Q

Cefdinir

A

Cephalosporin Antibiotic

Prevent bacterial cell wall synthesis by inhibit transpeptidase and prevent cross-linking of linear NAM-NAG polymers

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18
Q

Celecoxib

A

Treat Pain and Inflammation

Selective COX-2 Inhibitor but taken off the market since increased risk of serious cardiovascular problems

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19
Q

Cephalexin

A

Cephalosporin Antibiotic

Prevent bacterial cell wall synthesis by inhibit transpeptidase and prevent cross-linking of linear NAM-NAG polymers

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20
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

Broad-Range Antibiotic

Quinolone Antibiotic.
DNA Gyrase/Topoisomerase II Inhibitors that prevent supercoiling of bacterial DNA and thus prevent DNA packaging

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21
Q

Citalopram

A

Treat Depression or Anxiety

Selective Seretonin Receptor Inhibitor that bind to SERT and prevent 5-HT reuptake selectively and increase 5-HT in synapse to elevate mood.

Have therapeutic lag since takes time for 5-HT1A receptor on pre-synaptic neuron to be desensitized to allow SSRI to only work at post-synaptic neuron

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22
Q

Clonazepam

A

Treat Anxiety

Benzodiazepine (PAM) that increases frequency of Cl- Channel opening in GABA-A receptors (Potentiate GABA) and decrease glutaminergic activity

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23
Q

Clonidine HCl

A

Treat High BP but not used anymore

Alpha 2 Agonist in nucleus tractus solitarius (CNS) and presynaptically inhibit release of NA.

BUT At High Conc, it can still stimulate α1 and Post-Synaptic α2 and induce Vasoconstriction

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24
Q

Clopidogrel

A

Antiplatelet Agent (Prevent blood clot)

ADP (P2Y12) Inhibitors on surface of platelets, which prevents ADP inducing platelet aggregation.

Often used as a secondary prevention (e.g.) Prevent Bloodclot + Prevent another heart attack after fixing heart attack

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25
Q

Conjugated Estrogens (Premarin)

A

Treat Menopausal (40 yrs) symptoms such as vaginal dryness and irritation, hot flashes, and night sweats. Also, prevents bone loss by inhibiting bone resorption

Replaces estrogen that body loses during menopause (BUT still at low concentrations of estrogen).

Binds to estrogen receptors in hypothalamus and reduces GnRH release and also reduce FSH/LH release from pituitary gland (Pulsatile signalling)

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26
Q

Diazepam

A

Sedation (anxiolytic) → Stress Relief
Hypnosis → Treat sleep disorders
Muscle relaxation → Treat spastic Muscle condition
Anti-convulsant → Treat Epilepsy
Could cause short-term Amnesia

Benzodiazepine (PAM) that increases frequency of Cl- Channel opening in GABA-A receptors (Potentiate GABA) and decrease glutaminergic activity

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27
Q

Diclofenac sodium

A

Reduce inflammation/pain

NSAID inhibit COX1/COX2 non-selectively and prevent prostaglandin synthesis.

Some research suggests diclofenac can inhibit the thromboxane-prostanoid receptor, affect arachidonic acid release and uptake, inhibit lipoxygenase enzymes, and activate the nitric oxide-cGMP antinociceptive pathway.

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28
Q

Yaz (drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol)

A

Prevents pregnancy

Inhibits ovulation and maturation of follicles by inhibiting GnRH, LH and FSH release.

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29
Q

Duloxetine

A

Anti-depression, Anti-Anxiry, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and chronic musculoskeletal pain

SNRI that prevent both 5HT and NA reuptake → Increase NA and 5-HT in Synaptic Cleft → Increase Mood/Anti-depression

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30
Q

Doxycycline

A

Tetracycline Antibiotic that bind to 30S subunit and prevent amino-acyl tRNA binding to aminoacyl site of mRNA. (Prevents incoming of new tRNA)

Bacteriostatic

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31
Q

Enalapril

A

Treat High BP, Heart Failure

ACE Inhibitor that prevents conversion of Ang I to Ang II, suppressing vasoconstriction and decrease BP.

Can also reduce Na+ Absorption via. decreasing Aldosterone action and hence decrease ENaC expression on collecting duct. This will reduce Preload and afterload. Therefore, reducing Cardiac Workload and improve symptoms of heart failure

ACE also cleaves Bradykinin → ACE Inhibitors increase Bradykinin-Mediated Vasodilation

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32
Q

Escitalopram

A

Treat Depression or Anxiety

Selective Serotonin Receptor Inhibitor that prevent serotonin (5-HT) reuptake selectively. This increases 5-HT in Synaptic Cleft and Improve mood

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33
Q

Esomeprazole

A

Treat Ulcers and Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Proton Pump Inhibitor that suppresses gastric acid secretion by specific inhibition of H+/K+-ATPase in the gastric parietal cell (Prevent H+ entry to stomach)

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34
Q

Ezetimibe

A

High Cholesterol Treatment

Inhibits Intestinal Absorption of Cholesterol via. Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 protein. Used with Statin to lower LDL levels.

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35
Q

Fenofibrate

A

Decrease cholesterol / lipids

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) Agonist, which increases FA Oxidation in Muscle/ Liver and activate Lipoprotein Lipase. This would decrease Serum triacylglycerol (TAG)

Used with Statins to lower TAG levels if TAG is not below 10mmol/L. NOT First-Line for Cardiac Risk prevention since results of decreasing lipid risk are mixed.

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36
Q

Fexofenadine

A

Allergy Treatment

Antihistamine that selectively antagonise H1 receptors and reduce Phospholipase A2 activity. This would decrease AA synthesis and reduce inflammation.

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37
Q

Fluconazole

A

Triazole Antifungal Drug

Inhibit ergosterol and cell wall lipid synthesis / inhibit CYP450 and phospholipid integrity of fungi

38
Q

Fluoxetine

A

Depression or Anxiety Treatment

Selective Seratonin Receptor Inhibitor → Selectively inhibit SERT → Prevent 5-HT Reuptake → Increase 5-HT in Synaptic Cleft → Increase Mood/Anti-depression

Therapeutic Lag

39
Q

Adavir
(Fluticasone and Salmeterol)

A

Asthma Treatment/Prevention
Fluticasone for Allergy

Oral Corticosteroid that inhibit the secretion of histamines, cytokines, and leukotrienes and reduce activity of mast cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages

Long Acting Beta 2 Agonist that induce bronchodilation by increase cAMP in Smooth Muscle Cells of Bronchioles

40
Q

Folic acid

A

Anemia Treatment/Prevention, Development of neural tube in babies

Folic acid supplements used to make DNA/RNA for neural development

41
Q

Furosemide

A

Decrease Edema and Hypertension

Inhibits NKCC2 in TALH (Inhibit up to 20% Filtered Na+ is excreted) → Prevent Na+/Cl- Reabsorption → NaCl accumulated in medulla via. TALH would drive H2O absorption in Collecting Duct

(Note: TALH is impermeable to H2O and thus effect present in collecting duct)

42
Q

Gabapentin

A

Treat Neuropathic Pain / Seizure Control

Anticonsulvant that bind to α2δ proteins of voltage gated Ca2+ Channel in CNS and prevent Ca2+ entry in nerve ending → Prevent release of neurotransmitters like glutamate → Hyperpolarisation → Decrease Hyperexcitability / Pain

43
Q

Glimepiride / Glyburide / Glipizide

A

Treat Diabetes Type II

Sulfonylurea medications that inhibit K-ATP channels in pancreatic beta cells and decrease K+ efflux. This would depolarize cell and induce Ca2+ influx by VG receptors that drive insulin release form vesicles.

Need pancreatic beta-cells to still be alive for working.

Normal route:
HIgh Glucose synthesise ATP (From glycolysis/TCG) and result in ingiviting K-ATP channels and release ATP

44
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide

A

High Blood Pressure Treatment

Block NCC Co-transporter in DCT and decrease Na+/Cl- Reabsorption.
Indirectly increase K+ Excretion in to Collecting Duct, increase Ca2+ Absorption due to decrease Na+/Ca2+ Exchange on basolateral membrane.

Exactly how it reduce BP is unknown. Also, Increase PO3- Excretion (Unknown).

45
Q

Hydrocodone / Oxycodone

A

Narcotic Analgesic

Mu Opioid Receptor Agonist and open K+ channel to decrease hyperexcitability (Mostly with C and Aδ Fibres)

46
Q

Ibuprofen

A

Pain Relief

Antipyretic/Anti-inflammatory and Analgesics since inhibit PGE2 (Inflammatory Mediators)

BUT Increase Gastric Acid (Cause Ulcers)/ Relax Uterus / Decrease Renal Blood flow / Prevent Platelet Aggregation since inhibit PGE2, PGI2 and TXA2

47
Q

Lantus (insulin glargine)

A

Treat Type I and II Diabetes

Increase Insulin in bloodstream. Binding to insulin receptors results GLUT4 receptor exocytosis and increase glucose absorption from bloodstream into muscle and adipose tissue.

48
Q

Isosorbide mononitrate or Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN)

A

Chest Pain (Angina) Prevention

Enters smooth muscle cell and is converted to NO via. catalysis of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2).

NO activates soluble guanylyl cyclase in vascular endothelial cells, Increase cGMP , PKG, MLC concentration (By phosphorylating MLC phosphotase) to increase smooth muscle relaxation

49
Q

Lansoprazole

A

Treat Ulcers and Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Proton Pump Inhibitor that suppresses gastric acid secretion by specific inhibition of H+/K+-ATPase in the gastric parietal cell (Prevent H+ entry to stomach)

50
Q

Levofloxacin

A

Quinolone Antibiotic.
DNA Gyrase/Topoisomerase II Inhibitors that prevent supercoiling of bacterial DNA and thus prevent DNA packaging

51
Q

Levothyroxine

A

Thyroid Hormone Deficiency Therapy

Thyroid Hormone Replacement as it is equivalent to T4. T4 can diffuse into the cell nucleus and induce gene transcription.

T4 is often converted into T3 (More Active Form) via. Selenodeiodinase I/II

52
Q

Lisinopril

A

Treat High BP / Heart Failure

ACE Inhibitor that prevents conversion of Ang I to Ang II, suppressing vasoconstriction and decrease BP.

Can also reduce Na+ Absorption via. decreasing Aldosterone action and hence decrease ENaC expression on collecting duct. This will reduce Preload and afterload. Therefore, reducing Cardiac Workload and improve symptoms of heart failure

ACE also cleaves Bradykinin → ACE Inhibitors increase Bradykinin-Mediated Vasodilation

53
Q

Lorazepam

A

Anxiolytic / Hypnotic

Benzodiazepine (PAM) with medium half-life that increases frequency of Cl- Channel opening in GABA-A receptors (Potentiate GABA) and decrease glutaminergic activity

54
Q

Losartan

A

High BP/Heart Failure Treatment

Angiotensin Receptor Blocker that prevent Angiotensin II from binding to AT1 receptors and cause vasodilation
(AT1 Antagonist)

55
Q

Lovastatin

A

Decrease Cholesterol

HMG-CoA reductase Inhibitor to decrease cholesterol synthesis, decrease VLDL synthesis and remove LDL from bloodstream by LDL receptors

56
Q

Meloxicam

A

Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) that inhibit COX1/COX2 non-selectively and prevent prostaglandin synthesis. This would induce antipyretic/analgesia effects

57
Q

Metformin

A

Treat Diabetes

Biguanide that decreases insulin resistance in skeletal muscle by enhancing peripheral glucose uptake (by phosphorylating GLUT-4 enhancer factor)

Also reduces hepatic glucose production; inhibits gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis in the liver.

Most useful in obese NIDDM patient and patients where sulfonylurea drugs not work

58
Q

Methylprednisone

A

Pain reliever, Inflammation

Corticosteroid that decreases inflammation via suppression of the migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and reversing increased capillary permeability

59
Q

Metoprolol succinate

A

Treat angina, heart failure, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, hypertension

Beta 1 selective blocker that decreases heart contractility, heart rate, renin release in Juxtaglomerular apparatus to decrease BP.

May also be an inverse agonist since it can reduce activity below basal levels

60
Q

Mometasone

A

Allergy Treatment/Prevention

Anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, and vasoconstrictive properties

Corticosteroid that decreases inflammation via inhibiting mast cells, eosinophils, basophils, and lymphocytes

61
Q

Montelukast

A

Asthma & Allergy Treatment/Prevention

Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist that inhibits LTD4 binding to CysLT1 receptor. This causes vasoconstriction of blood vessels near the bronchi and induces bronchodilation. Overall, Treat asthma

62
Q

Naproxen

A

Pain Treatment

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) that inhibit COX1/COX2 non-selectively and prevent prostaglandin synthesis. This would induce antipyretic/analgesia effects

63
Q

Omeprazole

A

Treat Ulcers and Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Proton Pump Inhibitor that suppresses gastric acid secretion by specific inhibition of H+/K+-ATPase in the gastric parietal cell (Prevent H+ entry to stomach)

64
Q

Pantoprazole

A

Treat Ulcers and Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Proton Pump Inhibitor that suppresses gastric acid secretion by specific inhibition of H+/K+-ATPase in the gastric parietal cell (Prevent H+ entry to stomach)

65
Q

Paroxetine

A

Treat Depression and Anxiety

Selective Serotonin Receptor Inhibitor (SSRI) that bind to SERT and prevent 5-HT reuptake selectively and increase 5-HT in synapse to elevate mood.

Have therapeutic lag since takes time for 5-HT1A receptor on pre-synaptic neuron to be desensitized to allow SSRI to only work at post-synaptic neuron

66
Q

Pioglitazone

A

Treat Type II Diabetes

Pioglitazone selectively stimulates the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and to a lesser extent PPAR-α.

Upregulates target genes such as IRS1, IRS2, PI3K, GLUT4 to increase insulin-stimulated glucose uptake

67
Q

Potassium Chloride

A

Potassium Deficiency Treatment

K+ electrolyte

68
Q

Pravastatin

A

Decrease cholesterol for patients with cardiovascular disease (or close)

  • Familial Hyperlipidaemias / Diabetes / Chronic Kidney Disease
  • Myocardial Infraction / Angina / Stroke

HMG-CoA reductase Inhibitor to decrease cholesterol synthesis , decrease VLDL synthesis and remove LDL from bloodstream by LDL receptors

69
Q

Prednisone

A

Treat Allergy, Inflammation, Asthma

Oral Corticosteroid that decreases inflammation via suppression of the migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and reversing increased capillary permeability

70
Q

Pregabalin

A

Treat Diabetic Neuropathic Pain

Anticonsulvant that bind to α2δ proteins of voltage gated Ca2+ Channel in CNS and prevent Ca2+ entry in nerve ending → Prevent release of neurotransmitters like glutamate → Hyperpolarisation → Decrease Hyperexcitability / Pain

71
Q

Promethazine

A

Treat allergic conditions, nausea and vomiting, motion sickness, and sedation

H1 Antagonist for allergy treatment. Can cause sedation but rapid tolerance.

Also able to inhibit mesolimbic pathway.
May also inhibit dopaminergic receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) of the medulla to prevent nausea.

72
Q

Quetiapine

A

Antipsychotic

Atypical 2nd Gen Antipsychotic that inhibit 5-HT2A Receptors in frontal cortex to relieve negative symptoms of schizophrenia and antagonism at D2 receptors in the mesolimbic pathway to relieve positive symptoms pf schizophrenia.

However, D2 antagonism is weak and not have strong EPS side effects

73
Q

Ranitidine

A

Treat Ulcers and Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

H2 Antagonist on parietal cells lead to decrease in Gs and cAMP concentrations in parietal cell. Decrease H+/K+ ATPase activity and decrease H+ or gastric acid secretion to stomach

Note: H2 receptor trigger Gs protein

74
Q

Rosuvastatin

A

Decrease cholesterol for patients with cardiovascular disease (or close)

  • Familial Hyperlipidaemias / Diabetes / Chronic Kidney Disease
  • Myocardial Infraction / Angina / Stroke

HMG-CoA reductase Inhibitor to decrease cholesterol synthesis , decrease VLDL synthesis and remove LDL from bloodstream by LDL receptors

Have long half-life like Atorvastain

75
Q

Sertraline HCl

A

Treat Depression and Anxiety

Selective Serotonin Receptor Inhibitor (SSRI) that bind to SERT and prevent 5-HT reuptake selectively and increase 5-HT in synapse to elevate mood.

Have therapeutic lag since takes time for 5-HT1A receptor on pre-synaptic neuron to be desensitized to allow SSRI to only work at post-synaptic neuron

76
Q

Sildenafil

A

Viagra

PDE5 Inhibitor that prevent cGMP metabolism to GMP in smooth muscle cell via. inhibiting PDE-5. Increase in cGMP results in higher PKG conc. that could promote smoothe muscle relaxation by MLC phosphotase pathway

77
Q

Simvastatin

A

Decrease cholesterol for patients with cardiovascular disease (or close)

  • Familial Hyperlipidaemias / Diabetes / Chronic Kidney Disease
  • Myocardial Infraction / Angina / Stroke

HMG-CoA reductase Inhibitor to decrease cholesterol synthesis , decrease VLDL synthesis and remove LDL from bloodstream by LDL receptors

Have long half-life like Atorvastain

78
Q

Spironolactone

A

Treat Edema, Hypertension, Heart Failure

Competitive Aldosterone Receptor Antagonist at Mineralocorticoid Receptor in collecting duct → Decrease ENaC expression on apical membrane of collecting duct → Reduce water and Na+ absorption in distal tubule → Reduces preload → Reduce cardiac workload

Half-life = 10 min BUT Active Metabolite = 16hrs → Slow onset of action

79
Q

Sulfamethoxazole

A

Antibacterial Drug

Nucleoside/tide Synthesis Inhibitors that mimics p-aminobenzoic acid moiety of folic acids) → Inhibit DIHYDROPTEROATE SYNTHETASE (1st Step) and prevent folate formation.

80
Q

Trimethoprim

A

Antibacterial Drug

Nucleoside/tide Synthesis Inhibitors that mimics PTERIDINE-PABA adduct → Inhibits DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE (FH2 reductase is 2nd Step) and prevent tetrahydrofolate formation.

Note: Bacterial/Human FH2 reductase is different and trimethoprim selective to bacteria

81
Q

Tamsulosin

A

Treat Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) BPH is a dIsease where enlarged Prostate presses on urethra. This causes the Urethra to narrow down and make it difficult to Urinate

α1 Antagonists relax Prostatic smooth muscle and decrease pressure on Urethra. This increases the Urinary Flow

Tamsulosin (Selective to Prostatic α1) is used as it has high affinity to prostatic α1 receptors + Low effect on BP - Thus, more potent and safe for BPH.

82
Q

Temazepam

A

Anxiety, Insomnia Treatment

Benzodiazepine (PAM) with medium half-life that increases frequency of Cl- Channel opening in GABA-A receptors (Potentiate GABA) and decrease glutaminergic activity

83
Q

Topiramate

A

Anti-epileptic / Anti-convulsant

Blocks Na+ Channels on inactive state (Refractory Period) to decrease Na+ influx into neurons and decrease activity of hyperexcitable cells.

As the drug is use-dependent, drug prefentially block Na+ channel on excitatory neurons. Decrease hyperexcitation in more excitatory neurons lead to retain normal action potential activity. Inhibit Glu than GABA.

It also stimulates GABA-A receptor activity at brain non-benzodiazepine receptor sites and reduces glutamate activity at both AMPA and kainate receptors.

84
Q

Tramadol

A

Pain Relief

Tramadol is a centrally acting μ-opioid receptor agonist and SNRI (serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake-inhibitor)

85
Q

Triamcinolone

A

Decrease Skin Inflammation/Irritation

Corticosteroids like triamcinolone inhibit phospholipase A2 on cell membranes, preventing the breakdown of lysosomal membranes of leukocytes, which in turn prevent the formation of arachidonic acid, which decrease expression of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase, inhibiting synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes.

86
Q

Trazodone

A

Treat Depression

Serotonin Antagonist and reuptake inhibitor (SARI). Inhibit 5-HT Reuptake to Increase 5-HT in Synapse and 5HT2R Antagonist to inhibit 5-HT Post-Synaptic Effects (Decrease insomnia, agitation, sexual dysfunction, nausea)

Luckily no mAChR antagonism (No Muscarininc Side Effects). BUT Inhibit H1 = Sedative / Inhibit α1 Adrenoreceptors = Orthostatic hypotension

87
Q

Triamterene

A

Treat HIgh BP / Heart Failure (First-line)

Blocks epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) on the lumen side in collecting duct → Reduce water and Na+ absorption in distal tubule → Reduces preload → Reduce cardiac workload

88
Q

Valaciclovir

A

Antiviral Drug for DNA viruses

Prodrug of Acyclovir.

Acyclovir enters cell and is converted to ACV-Monophosphate via. Viral Thymidine Kinase (Bioactivation is restricted to viral infected cell)
Host kinases then convert it to ACV-triphosphate (Nucleotide) that bind and inhibit Viral DNA polymerase (More specific than Host DNA polymerase)

Acyclovir input to 3’End of growing DNA chain → Chain terminates since Acyclovir not contain cylic ring and 3’-OH

Acyclovir/Ganciclovir is more effective in chain termination than Iodoxuridine/ Vidanbine since not contain ring and 3’OH.

89
Q

Valsartan

A

High BP and Heart Failure Treatment

Ang II Antagonist at AT-1 Receptor. Prevent Angiotensin II from binding to AT1 receptors and cause vasodilation
(AT1 Antagonist)

90
Q

Venlafaxine

A

Depression or Anxiety Treatment

Serotonin and Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) → inhibits both SERT AND NET → Prevent both 5HT and NA reuptake → Increase NA and 5-HT in Synaptic Cleft → Increase Mood/Anti-depression

91
Q

Verapamil

A

Treat High BP, Chest Pain (Angina), Atrial Fibrillation and Tachycardia

L-Type Ca2+ Channel Blockers that decrease Ca2+ Influx into cardiomyocytes during depolarisation in the SA and AV nodes.

This reduces slow inward Ca2+ current and result in a slow rise in action potential. Thus, slow down HR and AV conduction which Inhibits Ectopic beats and also decrease contractility of heart.

92
Q
A

100 Drugs (1 decks)

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