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Top 100 Flashcards

1
Q

Aciclovir

A

Class: antiviral
Dose: 400mg 5x a day or 5%cream 5x a day
Indication: cold sores, shingles
Counselling: take with a full glass of water, ensure adequate hydration at least 1.5-2L. Apply cream to affected area. Highly contagious, do not kiss, share towels. Wash hands before and after use. May effect mental alertness; do not drive or operate machinery if affected.
Monitoring: hydration, kidney function

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2
Q

Adrenaline

A

Class: sympathomimetics
Dose: adult 0.3mg IM, child 0.15mg IM
Indication: anaphylactic allergic reaction, severe croup
Counselling: at first sign of reaction (itchy throat, swelling) get epipen. Take off cap, blue to sky orange to thigh. Firmly push pen into the side of the thigh, hold for 10seconds remove then rub for 10 seconds. Re-administer a second pen if required
Monitoring: call ambulance, must go to hospital to monitor signs of reaction 5-6h delayed onset

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3
Q

Alendronate

A

Class: bisphosphonate
Dose: 10mg d or 70mg once a week. Paget’s: 40mg d
Indication: osteoporosis, Paget’s disease
Counselling: Swallow whole in the morning with a full glass of water at least 30 minutes before food. Take once a week on the same day. Do not take antacids, calcium, iron or mineral products within 30 minutes of taking tablet. Stay upright for 1hr after taking to prevent burning of eosophageous. Tell doctor if you have pain swallowing or new or worsening heartburn.
Monitoring: BMD, calcium vit D levels, osteonecrosis, renal function

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4
Q

Risedronate

A

Class: bisphosphonate
Dose: 5mg d or 35mg weekly or 150mg monthly. Paget’s: 30mg d
Indication: osteoporosis, Paget’s disease
Counselling: Swallow whole in the morning with a full glass of water at least 30 minutes before food. Take once a week on the same day. Do not take antacids, calcium iron or mineral products within 30 minutes of taking tablet. Stay upright for 1hr after taking to prevent burning of eosophageous. Tell doctor if you have pain swallowing or new or worsening heartburn.
Monitoring: BMD, calcium vit D levels, osteonecrosis, renal function

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5
Q

Allopurinol

A

Class: xanthine oxidase inhibitor
Dose:100-300mg d max 900mg d (use a lower starting dose in renal impairment)
Indication: gout, tumour lysis syndrome
Counselling: start low and gradually increase dose. Swallow whole with food to reduce stomach upset. Do not start taking medication for the first time during a gout attack. If stable on allopurinol do not stop taking during a gout attack. When first starting you are likely to get a gout flare, ensure adequate pain relief has been prescribed by your doctor. This medication may make you feel dizzy or drowsy do not drive if affected. Your doctor will need to take blood to insure your dose is adequate.
Monitoring: renal function, liver function, TDM, serum urate

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6
Q

Alprazolam

A

Class: benzodiazepine
Dose: 0.25mg-4mg d-tds
Indication: anxiety, panic disorder
Counselling: may make you feel drowsy, avoid driving if affected. Avoid alcohol and other medication that may cause drowsiness while taking this drug. Should be used short term but if taken for more than 2-4weeks your body may become used to the drug and a higher dose may be needed to be effective. Do not stop medication suddenly as you may feel unwell. Discuss a plan on how to decrease dose slowly with your doctor first.
Monitoring: withdrawal effects (anxiety, irritable, insomnia, sweating), renal, liver function, avoid in pregnancy, respiratory depression, dependence

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7
Q

Diazepam

A

Class: benzodiazepine
Dose: 1-10mg up to tds
Indication: anxiety, panic disorder, alcohol withdrawal
Counselling: may make you feel drowsy, avoid driving if affected. Avoid alcohol and other medication that may cause drowsiness while taking this drug. Should be used short term but if taken for more than 2-4weeks your body may become used to the drug and a higher dose may be needed to be effective. Do not stop medication suddenly as you may feel unwell. Discuss a plan on how to decrease dose slowly with your doctor first.
Monitoring: withdrawal effects (anxiety, irritable, insomnia, sweating), renal, liver function, avoid in pregnancy, respiratory depression, dependence

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8
Q

Lorazepam

A

Class: benzodiazepine
Dose: 1-4mg in 1-3doses
Indication: anxiety, insomnia
Counselling: may make you feel drowsy, avoid driving if affected. Avoid alcohol and other medication that may cause drowsiness while taking this drug. Should be used short term but if taken for more than 2-4weeks your body may become used to the drug and a higher dose may be needed to be effective. Do not stop medication suddenly as you may feel unwell. Discuss a plan on how to decrease dose slowly with your doctor first.
Monitoring: withdrawal effects (anxiety, irritable, insomnia, sweating), renal, liver function, avoid in pregnancy, respiratory depression, dependence

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9
Q

Nitrazepam

A

Class: benzodiazepine
Dose: 5-10mg nocte
Indication: insomnia
Counselling: may make you feel drowsy, avoid driving if affected. Avoid alcohol and other medication that may cause drowsiness while taking this drug. Should be used short term but if taken for more than 2-4weeks your body may become used to the drug and a higher dose may be needed to be effective. Do not stop medication suddenly as you may feel unwell. Discuss a plan on how to decrease dose slowly with your doctor first.
Monitoring: withdrawal effects (anxiety, irritable, insomnia, sweating), renal, liver function, avoid in pregnancy, respiratory depression, dependence

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10
Q

Oxazepam

A

Class: benzodiazepine
Dose: 7.5-30mg tds/qid
Indication: anxiety
Counselling: may make you feel drowsy, avoid driving if affected. Avoid alcohol and other medication that may cause drowsiness while taking this drug. Should be used short term but if taken for more than 2-4weeks your body may become used to the drug and a higher dose may be needed to be effective. Do not stop medication suddenly as you may feel unwell. Discuss a plan on how to decrease dose slowly with your doctor first.
Monitoring: withdrawal effects (anxiety, irritable, insomnia, sweating), renal, liver function, avoid in pregnancy, respiratory depression, dependence

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11
Q

Temazepam

A

Class: benzodiazepine
Dose: 5-20mg nocte
Indication: insomnia
Counselling: may make you feel drowsy, avoid driving if affected. Avoid alcohol and other medication that may cause drowsiness while taking this drug. Should be used short term but if taken for more than 2-4weeks your body may become used to the drug and a higher dose may be needed to be effective. Do not stop medication suddenly as you may feel unwell. Discuss a plan on how to decrease dose slowly with your doctor first.
Monitoring: withdrawal effects (anxiety, irritable, insomnia, sweating), renal, liver function, avoid in pregnancy, respiratory depression, dependence

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12
Q

Amiodarone

A

Class: antiarrhythmic
Dose: 200mg tds for 1 week, 200mg bd for 1 week, then 100-200mg d
Indication:arrhythmia,
Counselling: Avoid sun exposure (sunscreen, protective clothing), Interacts with grapefruit juice. You will require regular ECGs and chest x-Ray’s while taking this medication. Tell your doctor if you develop shortness of breath, dry cough, worsening symptoms, muscle weakness.
Monitoring: thyroid function, liver function, chest X-ray, ECG, serum electrolytes, TDM , very long half life (iodine content accumulates in lungs)

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13
Q

Amitriptaline

A

Class: TCA antidepressant
Dose: 10-25mg nocte (pain, urinary urge incontinence) 25-300mg daily nocte (depression) start low slowly increase
Indication: depression, pain
Counselling: Take this medication at night to prevent day time drowsiness. You may get SE such as blurred vision, drowsiness and dry mouth they should lessen or disappear after about 7 days. You may feel dizzy on standing when taking this medication, stand up slowly. Avoid driving until you know how this medication affects you. May increase the effect of alcohol. Do not stop taking this medication abruptly.
Monitoring: blood pressure, therapeutic effect can take weeks, suicidal thoughts, serotonin syndrome, withdrawals, anticholinergic effects,

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14
Q

Amlodipine
Lercandipine (15mins before meal 10-20mg d, renal function)
Nifedipine (10-40mg bd or SR 90-120mg d, SR- sw do not crush)
Nimodipine ( SAH, 60mg q4h for 21 days)

A

Class: calcium channel blocker
Dose: 2.5-10mg once daily increase slowly
Indication: HTN, angina
Counselling: may make you feel dizzy when standing, stand up slowly. Do not stop taking abruptly. Avoid eating grapefruit or drinking grapefruit juice.
Monitoring: BP, HR, electrolytes, peripheral oedema, hepatic function (dose reduction)

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15
Q

Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid

A

Class: penicillin
Dose: 500/125mg or 875/125mg bd for 5-10days
Indication: UTI, HAP,
Counselling: Absorbed best when taken with food, should help with nausea and vomiting. Take until course complete.
Monitoring: hepatic function, allergy, renal function (reduce dose)

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16
Q

Amphotericin

A

Class: antifungal
Dose: 10mg lozenge qid for 7-14 days
Indication: oral candidiasis, severe systemic fungal infections, cryptococcal meningitis
Counselling: It is best to use a lozenge after a meal or drink. Continue to use them for several days after symptoms disappear. May cause mild nausea, vomiting or diarrhoea.
Monitoring: renal, hepatic, electrolytes

17
Q

Aspirin

A

Class: non-opioid analgesic, anti-platelet
Dose: 100mg daily, 300-900mg q4-6h pen
Indication: anti-platelet effect in stroke, MI, stent. Pain, fever
Counselling: Take with food to reduce stomach upset. If you develop swollen ankles, difficulty breathing, black stools or vomit that looks like coffee grounds stop taking the medication and contact doctor. Don’t remove from original packaging until use. Dispensable-disperse in water then drink.
Monitoring: renal function, bleeding, surgery ~7days before, avoid in children

18
Q

Atenolol

A

Class: beta blocker
Dose:12.5-100mg d increased to bd
Start with a low dose then gradually increase
Indication: HTN, MI, angina
Counselling: This medication may cause dizziness or tiredness especially at the beginning of treatment or when dose is increased. Do not drive if effected. Stand up slowly and sit or lay down if you become dizzy. Do not stop suddenly needs to be reduced gradually over at least 2 weeks.
Monitoring: BP, ECG, may mask signs of hypoglycaemia (monitor BGL) bronco spasm in asthma, hepatic, renal

19
Q

Atorvastatin

A

Class: HMG-CoA inhibitors
Dose: 5-80mg d (increase after 4 weeks if necessary)
Indication: hypercholesterolemia, plaque stabilisation after MI
Counselling: Do not take with grapefruit juice. If you develop muscle pain or weakness, dark urine tell doctor. May cause nightmares can take in the morning
Monitoring: aminotransferases, CK, muscle, renal (increases risk of rabdo) pregnancy-ensure contraception, hepatic

20
Q

Atropine

A 
Class: antiarrhythmics
Dose: 0.5-1mg every 2-3mins max 3mg 
Indication: bradycardia 
Counselling: 
Monitoring: BP,
21
Q

Canagliflozan
Dapagliflozin
Empagliflozin

A

Class: sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors
Inhibits glucose reabsorption in kidney (increasing excretion in urine)
Dose:100-300mg d before breaky
Dap: 10mg d or dap+metformin10/500mg-10/1000mg d
Emp: 10-25mg d
Indication: T2DM
Counselling: Important to take with food. Your urine will test positive for glucose while you take this medicine. Make sure you drink plenty of water to control your thirst in order to prevent dehydration.
Monitoring: hydration, BGL, renal (dose reduce)

22
Q

Candesartan + hydrochlorothiazide

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Class: 
Dose:
Indication:
Counselling:
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23
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Carbamazepine

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24
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Carbimazole

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25
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Cephalexin

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26
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Chloramphenicol

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27
Q

Ciprofloxacin

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28
Q

Clindamycin

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29
Q

Clopidogrel

A

Class: anti-platelet
Dose: 75mg daily (loading dose 300-600mg stent,ACS)
Indication: dual therapy with aspirin, MI stent, stroke prevention, ACS
Counselling: take one tablet at the same time each day, used to prevent strokes, heart attacks by reducing platelets in the blood commonly referred to as thinning the blood. Due to this there is a small chance of bleeding. It is common to bruise easier while taking this medication and if you cut yourself it may take a bit longer for the bleeding to stop. If it fails to stop bleeding see a doctor. It is important to know the signs of bleeding; hit your head, blood nose, vomit, unexplained bruising, dark stools straight to the doctor. Avoid grapefruit juice. Tell doctor before surgery may need to be ceased.
Monitoring: bleeding, platelets, haemoglobin, surgery 5 days before

30
Q

Clozapine

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Class: 
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Indication:
Counselling:
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31
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Colchicine

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32
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Dabigatran

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33
Q

Dexamethasone

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34
Q

Diazepam

A

Class: benzodiazepine
Dose: 1-10mg q4h prn
Indication: anxiety, insomnia, alcohol withdrawals
Counselling: for short term use only, if used for a long period do not stop abruptly. May cause drowsiness
Monitoring: dependence, drowsiness, respiratory function, withdrawal

35
Q

Diclofenac

A

Class: NSAID
Dose: 12.5-100mg q6h max 200mg daily (2 initially then 1 q6h)
Indication: inflammatory pain, arthritis
Counselling: swallow whole with full glass of water. Do not crush or chew. do not take medication if dehydrated. take with food to reduce the chance of stomach upset. If getting difficulty breathing, chest pain, stomach cramps or vomiting black coffee grounds or dark stools tell doctor, check if on blood pressure meds
Monitoring: GI bleeding, blood pressure, renal function, hepatic function. Increased risk of cardiovascular events

36
Q

Digoxin

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Class: 
Dose:
Indication:
Counselling:
Monitoring:
37
Q

Diltiazem/verapamil

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38
Q

Doxycycline

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39
Q

Enoxaparin

A

Class: heparin
Dose: DVT prophylaxis 20- 40mg SC daily, treatment 1mg/kg bd or 1.5mg/kg daily SC
Indication: DVT prophylaxis, treatment of DVT, MI, stroke
Counselling: more likely to bruise, signs of bleeding, how to administer
Monitoring: platelets, haemoglobin, renal function, bleeding,

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