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STEP 2 Secrets > Top 100 > Flashcards

Top 100 Flashcards

1
Q

1 cause preventable morbidity/mortality US

A

Smoking (eg- atherosclerosis, cancer, COPD)

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2
Q

2cause preventable morbidity/mortality US

A

Alcohol

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3
Q

Alcohol M&M

A
  • > 50% accidental & intentional deaths involve alcohol
  • Cancer
  • Cirrhosis
  • Fatal in withdrawal
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4
Q

1 Cause preventable MR

A

Alcohol

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5
Q

Alcoholic hepatitis liver enzymes

A

Aspartate aminotrasferase: alanine aminotransferase

(AST):(ALT) >= 2:1

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6
Q

Vitamin needs in:

  1. Pregnant women
  2. Alcoholics
  3. Pernicious anemia
A 
1. Pregnant women - folate 
     (prevents neural tube defects)
2. Alcoholics - thiamine 
     (prevent Wernicke-korsakoff)
3. Pernicious anemia - Vit B12 
     (prevent permanent neurologic deficits)
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7
Q

Most common anemia & cause

A

Iron deficiency anemia

  • menstruation in reproductive-aged women
  • cancer in men or menopausal women
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8
Q

Complications of atherosclerosis

A

MI, CHF, CVA, gangrene

Atherosclerosis is involved in 1/2 deaths in US

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9
Q

Risk factors of atherosclerosis

A

age, sex, fam hx, cigarette smoking, HTN, DM, high LDL, low HDL

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10
Q

DM complications

A
  • atherosclerosis + it’s complications
  • retinopathy (a leading cause of blindness)
  • nephropathy (a leading cause of ESRD)
  • PVD (a leading cause of limb amputation)
  • peripheral neuropathy (sensory & autonomic)
  • infection
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11
Q

Severe HTN sx

A
  • hypertensive emergency
  • headache
  • dizziness
  • blurry vision
  • papilledema
  • cerebral edema
  • altered mental status
  • seizures
  • intracerebral hemorrhage (classically in basal ganglia)
  • renal fail/azotemia
  • angina
  • MI
  • CHF
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12
Q

What mild diseases may be treated with lifestyle modifications?

A

HTN, hyperlipidemia, DM, GERD, insomnia, obesity, sleep apnea

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13
Q

ABG analysis

A
  1. pH - alkalosis or acidosis
  2. CO2 & Bicarb - cause if same direction as pH
    • compensation if opposite
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14
Q

exogenous hyponatremia

A

oxytocin, surgery, narcotics, inappropriate IV fluids, antiepileptic meds, diuretics

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15
Q

EKG changes

  1. hypERkalemia
  2. hypOkalemia
  3. hypERcalcemia
  4. hypOcalcemia
A
  1. hypERkalemia - peaked T waves
  2. hypOkalemia - lost/flat T waves + u waves
  3. hypERcalcemia - short QT
  4. hypOcalcemia - long QT
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16
Q

Shock - steps of treatment

A
  1. O2
  2. IV line
  3. Monitors
  4. Fluid bolus
    • 1L NS or Lactated ringers if no signs of CHF
17
Q

Virchow triad

A

of DVT

  1. Endothelial damage - surgery, trauma
  2. Venous stasis - immobilization, surgery, severe CHF
  3. Hypercoagulable - malignancy, OCPs, preg, lupus
18
Q

CHF treatment

A

Diuretics, ACEI, & Beta Blockers

Screen for atherosclerosis

STEP 2 Secrets (1 decks)

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