Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Dentistry Year 2 - Cons > Toothwear 2 > Flashcards

Toothwear 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is erosion and what are the two types?

A

Erosion is the chemical dissolution of dental hard tissues by acids of non-bacterial origin.

  1. Extrinsic erosion caused by diet
  2. Intrinsic erosion caused by gastric contents in mouth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What diet information should a patient be asked?

A
  • quantity of acid intake (having one more acid than someone else has a big effect)
  • how long they have the acid for
  • when they are having it (with meals or not)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

If an acidic food contains phosphate and calcium ions, why does it not affect the tooth?

A

The H+ will not cause the dissolution of hydroxyapatite.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How long does it take for the saliva to clear the acid content?

A

2-15 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What unusual ways of drinking can cause tooth wear?

A
  • swishing or rinsing acidic drinks
  • holding drinks in mouth
  • sipping drinks slowly
  • straw directed at the teeth instead of to the back of the mouth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Intrinsic erosion:

Give voluntary and involuntary examples

A

voluntary: vomiting eating disorders
involuntary: reflux, rumination (food comes back up), chronic alcoholism, vomiting due to pregnancy, heavy abdominal exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Give the recap anatomy of the oesophageal tract

A
  • muscular tube with sphincter at each end
  • upper sphincter is composed of striated muscle
  • lower sphincter is not a true sphincter and is composed of muscular folds
  • change in squamous to columnar cells which is a common site for malignant transformations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Explain what occurs during gastro-oesphageal reflux with pressure

A

Oesophageal pressure < intragastric pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the symptoms of reflu?

A
  • heartburn
  • regurgitation
  • difficulty swallowing
  • tooth wear
  • chest pain
  • chronic cough
  • sore throat
  • globus (lump feeling in throat)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the guidelines for those with eating disorders?

A
  • Have regular dental and medical reviews
  • Avoid brushing teeth immediately after vomiting
  • Rinse gently with non-acid fluoride toothpaste
  • Avoid highly acidic food and drinks
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Can the erosive tooth wear lesion be remineralised?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do we need to be aware of regarding abrasion in the mouth?

A
  1. toothbrush - type, design, brushing technique
  2. tooth - erosion lesions
  3. toothpaste - amount, fluoride conc, abrasive conc
  4. patients variation - force, frequency, duration, technique
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Explain the abrasivity of toothwear

A

The more abrasive the toothpaste, the greater the wear.

Below 70: low abrasivity
Above 150: harmful

RDS - relative dentine abrasivity (Dentine is more likely to be damaged abrasively so important to know this number if you have exposed dentine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are some research found on brushing before or after an acid?

A
  • Toothbrushing after acid exposure can removal all demineralised enamel
  • Toothbrush abrasion after acid exposure significantly lower after 60 minute exposure to oral environment
  • Increased frequency of toothbrushing associated with increased tooth wear progression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does saliva help toothwear?

A
  • Dilutes the acid
  • Assists with oral clearance
  • Buffers the acid with minerals
  • Salivary pellicle acts as a physical barrier against erosion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is attrition and how can it be seen?

A

Loss of tooth structure during tooth to tooth contact.

Obvious to diagnose as everything is flat

17
Q

What is the wear in kg of a dry and a lubricated tooth?

How is enamel different to dentine regarding loading?

A 
dry = <10kg
wet = >14kg

Saliva increases the wear on a tooth.

Dentine wears greater than enamel at smaller loads, at greater loads they are the same.

18
Q

What preventative advice should be given for attrition?

A
  • Avoid frequent intake of acidic food or drinks
  • Keep acidic drinks to mealtimes and limit the number of fruit drinks
  • Do not brush immediately after vomiting
  • Advise patients to seek medical assistance for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) and eating disorders
  • Ensure regular medication is acid free and be aware of medications that reduce saliva flow and thus impact on clearance
  • Use toothpaste containing at least 1450ppm fluoride twice daily
  • Fluoride toothpaste protects enamel
  • Choose a toothpaste that is less abrasive in nature – the lower the RDA value the less abrasive it is
  • Do not brush immediately after eating or drinking acidic food or drinks
19
Q

How can you tell the difference between active and inactive erosive tooth wear?

A

Active = unstained as insufficient time to take up dietary stains, toothbrushing removes stain

Inactive = stained as sufficient time for teeth to take up dietary stains

Dentistry Year 2 - Cons (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions