Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BDS3 Operative Dentistry > Tooth Whitening > Flashcards

Tooth Whitening Flashcards

1
Q

what are the extrinsic causes of tooth discolouration

A

smoking
tea
coffee
red wine
chromogenic bacteria
chlorhexidine
iron supplements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the intrinsic causes of tooth discolouration

A

fluorosis
tetracycline
non-vitality
physiological
dental materials
porphyria
cystic fibrosis
sickle cell anaemia
hyperbillirubinaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what should the first method of tooth whitening for extrinsic staining be

A

hygiene phase therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the 2 types of bleaching

A

external vital bleaching
internal non-vital bleaching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does bleaching do to extrinsic compounds adhered to the tooth

A

oxidises them leading to smaller molecules which are not pigmented
cause ionic exchange in metallic molecules leading to lighter colour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the action of hydrogen peroxide

A

forms an acidic solution in water
breaks down to form water and oxygen
free radical per hydroxyl is formed which is the active oxidising agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is carbamide peroxide

A

active ingredient which breaks down to produce hydrogen peroxide and urea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is carbopol

A

thickening agent which slowly releases oxygen and increases viscosity of the gel making it stay where you put it
allows slow diffusion into enamel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the action of urea

A

raising pH
stabilising hydrogen peroxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does surfactant do

A

allow gel to wet the tooth surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are potassium nitrate and calcium phosphate

A

tooth desensitising agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does fluoride do

A

prevent erosion
desensitising

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the factors affecting bleaching

A

time
cleanliness of tooth surface
concentration of solution
temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what do you do before you start tooth whitening

A

ensure patient is dentally fit and no leakage around carious cavity margins
take initial shade

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what do you need to warn the patient about

A

sensitivity
relapse
restoration colour
allergy
might not work
compliance with regime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the two types of vital external bleaching

A

chair side
home

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the advantages of chair side bleaching

A

controlled by dentist
can use heat/light
quick results for patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are the disadvantages of chair side bleaching

A

time for dentist
uncomfortable
results wear off quicker
expensive

19
Q

what is the technique for chair side bleaching

A

thorough cleaning of teeth
rubber dam
gingival mask
bleaching gel applied to tooth
heat/light applied
wash/dry/repeat
takes 30mins to an hour

20
Q

what is home bleaching

A

patient gets custom made trays and bleaches slowly over several weeks

21
Q

when getting soft splints made for at home bleaching what do you need to tell the lab

A

stop 1mm short of gingival margin
buccal spacer to allow for placement of gel

22
Q

what is the technique for at home bleaching

A

full mouth cleaning in surgery
fit trays
instructions for use
brush and floss teeth at home
load tray with 1mm squared buccal on each tooth
fit tray in mouth for 2 hours but preferably overnight

23
Q

when would you bleach teeth

A

age related darkening
mild fluorosis
post smoking cessation
tetracyclin staining

24
Q

what are the problems with bleaching

A

sensitivity
wears off
cytotoxicity
gingival irritation
tooth damage
damage to restorations
problems with bonding to tooth

25
Q

what are the predictors of sensitivity

A

pre-existing
high concentration of bleaching agent
frequency of change
bleaching method
gingival recession

26
Q

when would sensitivity resolve

A

2-3 days after bleaching

27
Q

what does chlorine dioxide do

A

strips enamel from tooth surface
has pH of 3

28
Q

what are the indications for internal non-vital bleaching

A

non-vital tooth
adequate RCT
no apical path

29
Q

what are the contraindications for internal non-vital bleaching

A

heavily restored tooth
staining dur to amalgam

30
Q

what are the advantages of internal non-vital bleaching

A

easy
conservative
patient satisfaction

31
Q

what are the risks of internal non-vital bleaching

A

external cervical resorption

32
Q

what is the technique for internal bleaching

A

record shade
prophylaxis
rubber dam
remove filling from access cavity
remove GP from pulp chamber and place RMGIC over GP to seal canal
remove dark dentine
etch internal surface
place 10% carbamide peroxide gel
cotton wool over this
seal with GIC
repeat procedure at weekly intervals

33
Q

how long does internal bleaching take

A

3-4 visits

34
Q

what is combination bleaching

A

make access cavity and remove GP, make bleaching tray and place bleach in access cavity and tray and keep in the whole time (week)

35
Q

what does micro abrasion do

A

remove discolouration limited to outer layers of enamel

36
Q

what are indicators for microabrasion

A

fluorosis
demineralisation with staining
post ortho demineralisation
prior to veneering

37
Q

what is the micro abrasion technique

A

clean teeth
rubber dam
mix 18% HCl and pumice
apply to teeth
rub with prophy cup
wash
repeat 10x
remove rubber dam
polish teeth with fluoride prophy paste
apply fluoride gel or varnish

38
Q

what are the advantages to microabrasion

A

quick
easy
no long term problems

39
Q

what are the disadvantages to microabrasion

A

acid
sensitivity
only for superficial staining
works better for brown stains than white marks

40
Q

what does resin infiltration do

A

changes the refractive index of the white area and makes it look like surrounding enamel

41
Q

what regulations are needed to comply with for tooth whitening

A

cosmetic products regulations 2012

42
Q

what is the maximum legal amount of hydrogen peroxide allowed in practice

A

6%

43
Q

what age must you be to use 0.1% to 6% hydrogen peroxide

A

18

44
Q

what percentage of hydrogen peroxide is allowed on the market in toothpastes

A

0.1%

BDS3 Operative Dentistry (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions