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Odontogenesis (Chu) > Tooth Development with Chu > Flashcards

Tooth Development with Chu Flashcards

1
Q

The primitive oral cavity is called? What two plates is it bounded by?

A

Stomatodeum Bounded by Neural plate and Cardiac plate

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2
Q

The stomatodeum is separated from the foregut (pharynx) by what membrane?

A

Buccopharyngeal membrane

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3
Q

What structure disintegrates allowing the stomodeum to increase in depth during the development of the face in the 4th week?

A

Buccopharyngeal membrane

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4
Q

True or False?

The formation of the stomadeum, a shallow depression in ectoderm, initiates the development of the face.

A

True

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5
Q

What gives rise to oral epithelium ? What does the oral epithelium develop into?

A

Stomadeum gives rise to oral epithelium, then some of the oral epithelium develops into dental lamina (Stomadeum-> oral epithelium–>dental lamina)

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6
Q

What week does odontogenesis begin? What two tissue types form at the start of odontogenesis?

A

-6th week -oral epithelium (forms dental lamina) and ectomesenchyme

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7
Q

The appearance of what signifies the start of odontogenesis?

A

-dental lamina signifies start of odontogenesis

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8
Q

what month do primary teeth begin to form ? When do permanent teeth begin to form?

A

primary- 4th month permanent-at birth

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9
Q

Generally speaking, what directs and coordinates the process of tooth development?

A

Genes

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10
Q

Pathways of tooth development involves the interactions of what ?

A

*Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions* between overlaying oral epithelium and underlying mesenchyme Note: Secretions of growth factors from the dental lamina induce the differentiation of the ectomesenchyme

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11
Q

True or False: Tooth agenesis affects primary teeth more than permanent teeth.

A

False. Tooth agensis affects permanent dentition more than primary

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12
Q

What is the horse-shoe shaped band of epithelial cells called? (also called the primary epithelial band)

A

dental lamina *remember, dental lamina arises form oral epithelium, which arises from stomodeum*

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13
Q

what cells surround the dental lamina?

A

neural crest- derived ectomesenchyme

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14
Q

what two cells structures form the future jaws?

A
  1. oral epithelium 2. ectomesenchyme (derived from Neural Crest Cells)
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15
Q

what separates the dental lamina and the ectomesenchyme?

A

Basal lamina

*so if you are looking at a section of the mandibular process; top layer would be oral epithelium, then basal lamina, then ectomesenchyme

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16
Q

When the primary epithelial band invaginates it is called?

A

dental lamina

(oral epithelium–>primary epithelial band {invaginates into ectomesenchyme} –> dental lamina)

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17
Q

what is andontia?

what tissues are this defect associated with?

A

andontia- congenital absence of ALL teeth

associated with ectodermal dysplasia (defect in development of all ectoderm-derived tissues) including dental lamina

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18
Q

what is partial andontia?

hypodontia vs oligodontia?

A

partial andontia is the absence of SOME teeth, involved with defects of the dental lamina.

  • hypodontia- 1-5 teeth missing
  • oligodontia- 6 or more teeth missing
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19
Q

hyperdontia?

most common type?

A

supernumerary teeth of permanent dentition;

caused by extra rooth germ formation–caused by extra invagination of dental lamina into the ectomesenchyme

most common-mesioden (between maxillary central incisors)

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20
Q

tooth formation is initated by factors residing in which arch?

A

arch 1 oral epithelium

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21
Q

Determinantes in odontogenesis:

Tooth formation is from the combination of __ and __?

A

neural crest cells and oral epithelium

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22
Q

Overview of Bud Stage (Differentiation of the Dental Lamina)

A
  • incursions of dental lamina
  • condensation of ectomesenchymal tissue
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23
Q

What causes the formation of the bud?

A

invagination/incursion of the dental lamina into the ectomesenchyme

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24
Q

The bud is tethered to the dental lamina by an extension called?

A

lateral lamina

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25
Q

what condenses around the epithelial bud?

what is the basement membrane?

A
  • ectomesenchyme=condenses around the bud
  • basement membrane seperates the bud from the ectomesenchyme
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26
Q

how many discrete outgrowths (placodes) into the ectomesenchyme would you expect to see for deciduous teeth?

where do the first tooth germs form? second? how do they develop from there?

A

20

first tooth germs= anterior mandible

second=anterior maxilla

then they develop anteriorly to posteriorly in both jaws

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27
Q

what are tooth buds also called?

A

dental buds, tooth primordia, or tooth germs

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28
Q

what are some abnormalities involved with the bud stage? (2)

define each abnormality.

A

microdontia- abnormally small teeth

macrodontia- abnormally large teeth

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29
Q

which teeth are most commonly affected by abnormalities?

A

1st most- 3rd molar

2nd most- maxillary lateral incisors

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30
Q

macrodontia of single teeth is uncommon and often associated with?

A

hemifacial hypertrophy—-which is unilateral overdevelopment of hard and soft tissues of the face and teeth

31
Q

overview of the Cap stage

A
  • signifiy by identificaiton of the inner enamel epithelium (IEE), stellate reticulum (SR), and outer enemel epithelium (OEE)
  • the IEE, SR, and OEE = enamel organ
  • enamel organ is “cap” over the ball of ectomesenchyme

ectomesenchyme forms :

  1. dental papilla (makes dentin, pulp)
  2. dental follicle (makes PDL and Cementum)

-enamel knot (cusp development)

32
Q

Early cap stage:

Epithelial outgrowth called the __ ___ forms a cap over condensed ectomesenchyme?

A

Enamel Organ

33
Q

what extends around the rim of the enamel organ and forms the dental follice?

A

dental papilla (ectomesenchyme ) forms the dental follice

34
Q

what three things combine to form the tooth germ?

A

enamel organ

dental papilla

dental follice

35
Q

the enamel organ is ___ in origin?

What is the significance of the enamel organ during the cap and bell stages?

A

enamel organ is epithelial in origin

gives rise to distinct cell layers

Note: teeth develop from two types of cells:

oral ectoderm-forms the enamel organ

mesenchymal cells-from the dental papilla

36
Q

Name the distinct cell layers of the enamel organ, and their significance

(from outer most to innermost )

A
  • outer enamel epithelium=covers enamel organ
  • stellate reticulum= produces proteoglycans to maintain morphology of enamel organ
  • stellate intermedium=assists ameloblasts in formation of enamel, also initiates formation of dentin from dental papilla cells
  • inner emamel epithelium=becomes ameloblasts, which form enamel
  • cervical loop (OEE+IEE)= will become cervic of future tooth
37
Q

define dental papilla, located next to?

what does the dental papilla form? (2 major things)

peripheral cells form? inner cells form?

A

dental papilla- condensation of ectomesenchymal cells, located next to the enamel organ, but separated by a basement membrane

2 main things-forms odontoblast and pulp

  • peripheral most cells bordering basement membrane responsible for dentinogenesis, form odontoblasts, which secrete dentin
  • inner most cells of dental papilla form pulp
38
Q

the peripheral cells of the Dental papilla differentiate into?

A

odontoblasts, secrete dentin

*peripheral cells of dental papilla responsible for dentinogenesis, forming of odontoblasts–>dentin

39
Q

the inner cells of the dental papilla form?

A

pulp!

40
Q

What is the dental sac/follicle?

A

ectomesenchymal cells surrounding the emamel organ and the dental papilla

41
Q

The dental follicle strucuture is cellular and fibrous than the dental papilla.

A

dental follicle is LESS cellular and MORE fibrous than dental papilla

42
Q

The inner cells of the dental follicle become what?

A

cementocytes, produce cementum

43
Q

The outer cells of the dental follice form? what do the outer cells contribute to?

A

outer cells become periodontal ligament (PDL)

contribute to alveolar bone formation

44
Q

True or False:

Permanent teeth form on the lingual aspect of the deciduous tooth germ.

A

True

45
Q

What is Dens in Dente?

A

“tooth within a tooth”, the enamel organ expands more than normal and invaginates into the dental papilla.

46
Q

What is Fusion?

Does Fusion result in more or less teeth than normal?

A

fusion- joining of two separate adjacent tooth germs into one tooth with common formation of dentin.

results in LESS number of teeth than normal, have extra-wide crown with one pulp cavity.

47
Q

What is Gemination? Would you have more or less teeth than normal?

A

One tooth germ attempting to divide into two, resulting in two wide crowns that are imcomplete.

-would have correct number of teeth

48
Q

Overview of the Bell Stage

A
  • differentiation of enamel organ (Cervical loop, IEE, OEE, SI, SR, Enamel knot)
  • fragmentation of dental lamina (epithelial pearls, rests of serres)
  • Role of IEE in cusp formation
49
Q

Early Bell stage:

Name and define the two types of differentiation

A

Histodifferentiation- ameloblasts and odontoblasts acquire their phenotype

Morphodifferentiation- enamel organ takes on shape incisor, canine, or molar

50
Q

what is the center of the enamel organ called? Describe the shape.

A

Stellate Reticulum, star shaped.

51
Q

What are the functions of the Stellate Reticulum?

A

Stellate reticulum cells create glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), which cause water to be drawn into the cells and increases size of the enamel organ

-transports nutrients and calcium from blood vessels to ameloblasts (form enamel)

*Note: SR cells maintain contact by desmosomes (type of cell junction) which creates their star shape

52
Q

Stratum Intermedium (SI) function?

A

transports phosphate from blood vessels into the enamel organ

*note: the stratum intermedium has high alkaline phosphate activity due to the transporting of phosphate

53
Q

Which two layers of the enamel organ work together to form enamel?

A

Stratum Intermedium - transports phosphate from blood vessels to enamel organ

Inner Enamel Epithelium - forms ameloblasts, which produce enamel

54
Q

Inner Enamel Epithelium:

  • differentiates into?
  • has a high concentration of?
A
  • ameloblasts, which secrete enamel
  • high concentration of glycogen
55
Q

The basal lamina between the IEE and dental papilla becomes?

A

the DEJ, dentoenamel junction

56
Q

Outer Enamel Epithelium:

Forms what part of enamel organ?

At the end of the bell stage, OEE become occupied by?

A

OEE - forms outer periphery of enamel organ,

at end of bell- becomes occupied by blood vessels from dental papilla

57
Q

Cervical Loop Region:

This is where the ___ and ___ meet?

How does the enamel organ change shape in this region?

A

IEE and OEE meet at cervical loop, this meeting forms Hertwig’s Epithelial Root Sheath

-enamel organ elongates, and resembles a bell

58
Q

the joining of the IEE and OEE in the cervical loop region is called _________?

A

Hertwig’s Epithelial Root Sheath (HERs)

59
Q

What is Hertwig’s Epithelial Root Sheath, and what does it initiate?

A

-double layer epithelial root sheath, created by fusing of IEE and OEE

function of HERs:

  • root formation after crown is formed
  • HERs signals odontoblasts of the dental papilla to differentiate
60
Q

at the ___ ___ , enamel joins the cementum.

A

cervical loop, will become the CEJ

61
Q

What are the two important events that occur during the bell stage?

A
  • dental lamina (lateral lamina) disintegrates (not completely)
  • crown pattern and number of cusps of the tooth is established by the folding of the IEE (morphodifferentiation)
62
Q

During the bell stage, part of the Dental lamina disintegrates, separating the developing tooth from?

A

the oral epithelium

Note: Before a tooth an function, it must reestablish a connection to the oral epithelium via juntional epithelium

63
Q

Which part of the dental lamina does not disintegrate, and what does it give rise to?

A

posterior part of dental lamina does not disintegrate, give rise to 12 buds, which will become permanent molars

64
Q

During the bell stage, morphodifferentiation (crown pattern and number of cusps forming) is completed by?

A

Folding of the IEE

the folding is caused by mitotic divisions within the IEE (not because of pressures w/i dental papilla )

65
Q

What are epithelial pearls? What is the other name for epithelial pearls?

A

fragmentations of dental lamina that do not degenerate, causing clusters of epithelial cells surrounded by connective tissue.

Also called Rests of Serres

66
Q

What can Epithelial Pearls (Rests of Serres) give rise to?

A

Eruption cysts, which become blue or purple/brown, they can delay normal tooth eruption

odontomes, tumors

67
Q

When the IEE cells first differentiate this represents the site of future?

A

cusp development

68
Q

The Outer cells of the dental papilla give rise to?

A

Dentin

69
Q

The inner cells of the dental papilla give rise to?

A

pulp

70
Q

Inner cells of the dental follicle give rise to?

A

Cementum

71
Q

Outer cells of the dental follicle give rise to?

A

PDL and Alveolus

72
Q

All tooth structures EXCEPT ___ are derived from neural crest cells.

A

enamel, ectodermal in origin

all other structures are from neural crest cells (mesenchyme)

73
Q

what type of cell in the dental papilla adjacent to the IEE differentiates into odontoblasts?

A

Mesenchymal cell

Odontogenesis (Chu) (1 decks)

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