Tools

Question 1

What is PEF ?

Answer 1

Photoelectric Index, PEF= (Z/10)^3.6

Question 2

A “hotshot” is an example of what kind of carrier ?

Answer 2

Schlumberger approved carrier

Question 3

What is units of measure for Dose Equivalent ?

Answer 3

Original unit is REM (roentgen equivalent man) : H (rem) = D (rad) x QF SI unit is Sievert (Sv): H (Sv) = D (gray) x QF 1 sievert = 100 rem

Question 4

Hydrogen Index can be determined from …. ?

Answer 4

Slowing down rate of neutrons

Question 5

When porosity goes Up, count rates on both detectors in HGNS goes ….. ?

Answer 5

Down. Inverse proportion

Question 6

What is Claystone ?

Answer 6

Claystone is a clastic sedimentary rock composed primarily of clay-sized particles (less than 1/256 millimeter in diameter).

Question 7

When shipping radioactive materials by land transport, what type of materials it cannot be shipped together ?

Answer 7

Question 8

In MSCT what is function of Low-oil switch – CTLOIL ?

Answer 8

This switch informs the downhole controller that the oil volume
compensator is at the end of its stroke and that continued operation
may result in tool damage.

Question 9

Density of aluminium

Answer 9

2.596 g/cc

Question 10

What is dose limit for Controlled area ?

Answer 10

=>2.5 but < 20 microsievert per hour

Question 11

What is predominant type of GR interaction for PEF measurement ?

Answer 11

Photoelectric Absorption

Question 12

Max pretest volume for XPT is … ?

Answer 12

35 cc

Question 13

What is PEF reading in anhydrite ?

Answer 13

5.1

Question 14

Name main parts of Shaped Charge

Answer 14

Question 15

What are energy peaks for Uranium ?

Answer 15

0.609 and 1.764 MeV

Question 16

What is Shear Slowness of Dolomite ?

Answer 16

78.5 us/ft

Question 17

What is Gamma Ray ?

Answer 17

Electromagnetic wave with high frequency.

Question 18

What is predominant type of GR interaction for Density measurement ?

Answer 18

Compton Scattering

Question 19

What is contribution of Radon/Thoron to radioactivity ?

Answer 19

1.4-1.8 mSv (140-180 mrem) per year

Question 20

Can you draw Archie’s equation ?

Answer 20

Rt =Rw/ f(n) * Sw(m). n and m typically 2. F is porosity

Question 21

Density of limestone ?

Answer 21

2.71

Question 22

in MSCT, what is functioin of Linear potentiometer –
CMPP ?

Answer 22

The linear potentiometer monitors the position of the kinematics
piston (CMPP, coring motor piston position). Since the kinematics
piston controls the position of the coring motor, the downhole
controller uses this signal to determine the extent of motor
extension or retraction.

Question 23

What are three types of GR interactions ?

Answer 23

Pair production (>1.02 MeV), Compton Scattering (75 KeV to 10 MeV), Photoelectric Absorption ( < 75 KeV)

Question 24

What is Capture cross-section ?

Answer 24

The ability of mineral or element to absorb thermal neutrons

Question 25

Which materials are used to absorb neutrons ?

Answer 25

Cadmium, Lithium, Boron

Question 26

All radioactive materials should be physically inventoried at least every …… months

Answer 26

At least 3 months, (except for special materials with activity < than 50 kBq)

Question 27

PEF in aluminium ?

Answer 27

2.57

Question 28

What i Transport Index (T.I) ?

Answer 28

The transport index (T.I.) is defined as the maximum dose rate in millirem per hour at 1 m from the package, expressed as a number without units to the tenth’s place, rounded up to the next higher tenth

Question 29

What is the colore of 5K WHE ?

Answer 29

Red

Question 30

List all corrections for HGNS ?

Answer 30

HSCO, SOCO, MCCO, BSCO, FSCO, MWCO, PTCO, CCCO.

Question 31

What is PEF reading in salt ?

Answer 31

4.6

Question 32

Please describe MRHY hydraulic system and name main components

Answer 32

Question 33

in Radiation, what is Absorbed Dose ?

Answer 33

Energy per unit mass transferred to any medium by radiation. Units: rad (radiation absorbed dose) 1 rad = 100 ergs per gram 1 gray (Gy) - 1 joule per kilogram 1 gray (Gy) = 100 rad

Question 34

What is principle of work of Sapphire gauge ?

Answer 34

It’s a strain gauge, based on Wheatstone bridge principle

Question 35

In MSCT, what is function of Solenoid valve 1 (SV1) ?

Answer 35

This three-way normally-closed (NC) solenoid valve controls
hydraulic pump pressure (HPPR) to the pilot port of control valve
A (CVA), which in turn controls hydraulic pressure to the anchor
shoe, core pusher piston, and COCK side of the marker system.

Question 36

What is anhydrite ?

Answer 36

Anhydrite is mineral - anhydrous calcium sulphate, CaSO4

Question 37

Density of dolomite ?

Answer 37

2.85

Question 38

What is PEF reading in dolomite ?

Answer 38

3.1

Question 39

What is the colore of 20K WHE ?

Answer 39

White

Question 40

The ability of material to attenuate ionizing radiation is expressed in terms of …… ?

Answer 40

Half Value Layer thickness

Question 41

What is imperial unit for radioactive material activity ?

Answer 41

Curie (Ci), which is equivalent for activity of one gram of Radium. 1 Ci = 3.7 x 10(10) becquerels

Question 42

What is PEF reading in sandstone ?

Answer 42

1.8

Question 43

What is density of shale ?

Answer 43

2.1 - 2.8 g/cc

Question 44

Density of salt ?

Answer 44

2.03

Question 45

What is PEF reading in shale ?

Answer 45

1.8 - 6.3

Question 46

in HNGS, what is DBCC correction ?

Answer 46

Barite constant correcton

Question 47

XPAMS contains…. ?

Answer 47

The XPAM: Mechanical block containing the anchors, the probe/packer assembly, the equalization valve and the protective gauge buffer. - The XPMC: Cartridge containing all acquisition and control electronics for the three pressure gauges (one CQG-L and two Sapphire ).

Question 48

XPT pretest rates range ?

Answer 48

0.05 - 2 cc/sec

Question 49

How metamorphic rocks are formed ?

Answer 49

Metamorphic rocks are formed by subjecting any rock type (including previously formed metamorphic rock) to different temperature and pressure conditions than those in which the original rock was formed. These temperatures and pressures are always higher than those at the Earth’s surface and must be sufficiently high so as to change the original minerals into other mineral types or else into other forms of the same minerals

Question 50

Unrestricted Area is area with which dose limit ?

Answer 50

< 2.5 microsievert per hour

Question 51

What are reqirements for storage of ASR-A sources (stab sources)

Answer 51

1. Permanent or temporary SLB locations, outside tool - locked cabinet or drawer in Controllled area 2. Permanent or temporary SLB location inside tool - Controlled area 3.Non-SLB location (wellsite or transport ) - no requirements specified 4.All other non-SLB locations - storage not allowed

Question 52

What is emission energy level for GSR-J (Cesium 137) ?

Answer 52

662 KeV

Question 53

in HNGS, what is parameter SGRC for ?

Answer 53

Standard HSGR corrections (mud weight and borehole size)

Question 54

in Radiation, what is Exposure ?

Answer 54

The amount of ionization in a unit mass of air caused by Gamma rays. SI unit is coulombs per kilogram (C/kg). 1 roentgen (R) = 2.58 x 10(-14) c/kg

Question 55

List TLD resolutions

Answer 55

1. Standard - 18 in 2. High - 8 in 3. Very High - 2 in

Question 56

In HGNS, what is the parameter for formation salinity correction ?

Answer 56

FSCO

Question 57

What effect gas has on CNL porosity

Answer 57

Question 58

What is the colore of 15k WHE ?

Answer 58

Brown

Question 59

What is pressure and volume of oil in Accumulator in XPS ?

Answer 59

about 202 cc at 1200 psi (83 bar )

Question 60

What is Scattering cross-section ?

Answer 60

The ability of mineral or element to slow down neutrons

Question 61

XPS contains next parts (from top to bottom ) … ?

Answer 61

The mud compensation spring, - The auto-retract spring, - The hydraulic motor-pump, - Three solenoids, - One hydraulic pressure gauge, - The electromechanical pretest drive and piston assembly.

Question 62

What is measure unit of Activity for radioactive material ?

Answer 62

Desintegrations per second (dps)

Question 63

in MSCT, what is function of Pressure gauge 1 (PG1)
- CMPR ?

Answer 63

Pressure gauge PG1 is a 0-to-1000 psi bourns pressure gauge (0
to 2000 ohms FS) that monitors the hydraulic pressure (CMPR)
applied to the coring motor (CM). This pressure signal is applied
to the downhole controller in the MCEC-AA as one input for
controlling the coring operation.

Question 64

Hazmat keys are tracked through RMIS, with ……….. inventory of possession by the individual employee

Answer 64

Quaterly

Question 65

What level in radiation required for all operators in US ?

Answer 65

Leve 2.2

Question 66

What are three elements identified by HNGS ?

Answer 66

Potassium (40K), Thorium (232Th), Uranium (238U)

Question 67

Who is responsible for determining the location for source disposal ?

Answer 67

The U.S. RSO

Question 68

In MSCT, what is function of Limit switch – LSW1 ?

Answer 68

The limit switch is activated at the upper stroke limit of the core
pusher piston to inform the downhole controller that the core
pusher is fully retracted. The surface computer will not activate
SV2, which would rotate the coring motor out to the face of the
formation, until the core pusher is retracted. Since the core pusher
rod runs through the center of the drill bit, it would be damaged if
the motor rotates out before it is retracted.

Question 69

Name three types of raditation

Answer 69

Alpha, Beta and Gamma

Question 70

What is PEF reading in limestone ?

Answer 70

5.1

Question 71

In SLB, what is dose limit for member of Public ?

Answer 71

1 millisievert per year

Question 72

What is maximum Transport Index allowed on OFS vehicles ?

Answer 72

10 for indvidual package 50 as sum of all packages

Question 73

What is compressional slowness of Sandstone ?

Answer 73

55.5 us/ft

Question 74

Each OFS location shall maintain a list of the individuals issued Hazmat and/or Greenleaf keys. The list of Greenleaf keys shall document next items …… ?

Answer 74

1. Individual’s name 2. Date of issue 3. Serial number of key issued

Question 75

Density of magensium

Answer 75

1.686 g/cc

Question 76

Describea typical NMR measurement called an echo
train. Echo trains can contain thousands of echoes.

Answer 76

Protons (colored vectors) are polarized along B0 (blue).
• Protons are pulsed by a B1-field (red) and rotate to the x-y plane.
• Protons precess according to local variations of the B0 magnetic field and
dephase.
• A second B1 pulse causes the protons to flip 180 degrees about the axis
of the B1 pulse.
• Each proton will return to its original starting point, generating an “echo”
received by the antenna.
• This process repeats according to the sequence.

Question 77

In MSCT, what is function of Solenoid valve 2 (SV2) ?

Answer 77

This three-way NC solenoid valve controls hydraulic pump pressure
(HPPR) to the pilot port of control valve B (CVB), which in turn
controls hydraulic pressure to the coring motor kinematics piston.

Question 78

What is Shear Slowness of Sandstone ?

Answer 78

88.0 us/ft

Question 79

What is shale ?

Answer 79

Shale is a fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock composed of mud that is a mix of flakes of clay minerals and tiny fragments (silt-sized particles) of other minerals, especially quartz and calcite

Question 80

For XPT, what is default hydraulic set pressure ?

Answer 80

3200 psi (22063.22 kpa, 220.6 bar)

Question 81

For detonating cords, LSHV stands for … ?

Question 82

What is sandstone ?

Answer 82

Sandstone (sometimes known as arenite) is a clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized minerals or rock grains. Most sandstone is composed of quartz and/or feldspar because these are the most common minerals in the Earth’s crust

Question 83

What is characteristic energy peak for Potassium ?

Answer 83

1.460 MeV

Question 84

PEF in magnesium

Answer 84

2.76

Question 85

What is Larmor frequency in NMR ?

Answer 85

The rate of precession of the proton moments is called the Larmor frequency and
is related to magnetic field as follows:

f₀=(ý/2П)B₀

Question 86

A Ludlum-3 meter with a 44-6 probe has what kind of detector?

Answer 86

Geiger-Mueller

Question 87

What is atomic number ?

Answer 87

Atomic number (Z), is number of electrons in neutral atom (electrons/atom). Should be equal to number of protons.

Question 88

How sedimentary rocks are formed ?

Answer 88

Sedimentary rocks are formed by deposition of either clastic sediments, organic matter, or chemical precipitates (evaporites), followed by compaction of the particulate matter and cementation during diagenesis. Sedimentary rocks form at or near the Earth’s surface. Mud rocks comprise 65% (mudstone, shale and siltstone); sandstones 20 to 25% and carbonate rocks 10 to 15% (limestone and dolostone

Question 89

….. ……. decay is predominant for man-made radioactive materials created by particle accelerators

Answer 89

Electron capture decay

Question 90

What is dose limit for Restricted Area ?

Answer 90

=> 20 microsievert per hour

Question 91

What is density of sandstone ?

Answer 91

2.65 g/cc

Question 92

What is density of anhydrite ?

Answer 92

2.98 g/cc

Question 93

In MSCT, what is function of Hydraulic Pump Motor (M2) ?

Answer 93

The 600 VAC hydraulic motor power is received in phantom
between logging conductors 1 and 4. The center tap of transformer
T1 outputs power to M2 via lower head pins 13 and 7. The motor
capacitor connected in series with lower head pin 7 shifts the
phase of the motor voltage applied to its winding. The M2 motor is
used to power the hydraulic system pump (P2), which will pump
177 cc/min at 3600 rpm with a pressure of 3500 psi. This hydraulic
pressure powers the operation of the anchor shoe, kinematics
piston, core pusher piston, and marker actuator system.

Question 94

HMX charge part number for 1 11/16” PowerSpiral Enerjet 0⁰ phase

Answer 94

HMX – H447489

Question 95

Max overbalance for XPT-B ?

Answer 95

6500 psi

Question 96

What is the purpose of MCAP-AA on MSCT job ?

Answer 96

The MCAP-AA contains the motor circuit high voltage power
transformers. It is required because these transformers are too
large to fit into the MCPP-AA. The MCAP-AA is extremely heavy

Question 97

Name three main types of rock

Answer 97

Three major groups of rocks are defined: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic

Question 98

in MSCT, what is function of Pressure gauge 2 (PG2)
- HPPR ?

Answer 98

Pressure gauge PG2 is a 0-to-5000 psi bournes pressure gauge
(0 to 2000 ohms FS) that monitors the hydraulic pressure (HPPR)
applied to the kinematics control circuits. This pressure signal is
applied to the downhole controller in the MCEC-AA as one of the
inputs for controlling the coring operation.

Question 99

Name XPT parts from top to bottom

Answer 99

XPCC: eXpress Pressure Control Cartridge XPS : eXpress Pressure Sonde XPAMS: eXpress Pressure Anchoring and Measure Sonde XPMC: eXpress Measure Cartridge

Question 100

In Radiation, what is Dose Equivalent ?

Answer 100

Measure of Biological Significance of the absorbed dose. Valid only for humans and for low doses. Equal to Absorbed dose X Quality Factor (QF) for particular type of radiation. H= D x QF

Question 101

in MSCT, what is FFC and it’s function ?

Answer 101

The coring motor pressure is applied as an input to the feedback flow controller
(FFC) assembly, which uses the pressure to control weight-on-bit by relieving
excess pressure on the kinematics piston if the coring motor pressure increases
too much. Other than this feedback function, the coring motor hydraulic circuit
has no other hydraulic interface to the remaining hydraulic circuit.

Question 102

Which materials are used to slow down neutrons ?

Answer 102

Water, paraffin wax, polyethelene - materials reach with Hydrogen

Question 103

What is half life for 241Am ?

Answer 103

433 years

Question 104

What is IATA ?

Answer 104

International Air Transport Association ,

Question 105

What is Shear slowness of Limestone ?

Answer 105

88.5 us/ft

Question 106

What is pressure gradient for oil (psi/ft) ?

Answer 106

0.28

Question 107

What is pressure gradient for water (psi/ft )?

Answer 107

0.43

Question 108

An occupied area of a vehicle transporting radioactive materials may not exceed what level ?

Answer 108

20 microSv per hour

Question 109

In HGNS, what is MCCO correction ?

Answer 109

Mudcake correction

Question 110

What is compressional slowness of Anhydrite ?

Answer 110

50.0

Question 111

in MAST, what is the parameter SFTY ?

Answer 111

Sonic Formation TYpe

Question 112

What is the function of XPMC ?

Answer 112

Acquisition and control electronics for three pressure gauges

Question 113

What is function of Coring Pump Motor (M1) in MSCT ?

Answer 113

The 600 VAC coring motor power is applied to the coring pump
motor M1 via logging conductors 2,3,5 and 6 with return on armor
(10). The power is applied to two separate motor windings via
lower head pins 3,4,5 and 6. The phase shifted power is applied
to the winding connected to lower head pins 5 and 6. The motor
powers the coring motor pump (P1), which provides up to 1800 psi
hydraulic pressure (1300 psi sustained) to power the hydraulic
coring motor only.

Question 114

The MRX consist of ….. ?

Answer 114

The MRX consists of three assets:
• The MRXP is the power cartridge. It delivers all power to the tool. A load
leveler maintains constant pulse power during RF transmission.
• The MRXC is the electronics cartridge. It houses the sequencer, down hole
controller, tool memory and signal processing electronics.
• The MRXS is the sonde. It contains the magnet, antennae, and related RF
electronics.

Question 115

What is compressional slowness of Dolomite ?

Answer 115

43.5 us/ft

Question 116

What is the purpose of MCPP-AA on MSCT job ?

Answer 116

The MCPP-AA and the MCAP-AA (MSCT Auxiliary Panel) develop
the surface power for the cartridge and both electric motors. The
MCPP-AA provides:
• 0-500 VAC cartridge power
• 600 - 1100 VAC hydraulic motor power
• 600 - 1100 VAC coring motor power.

Question 117

What is ICRP?

Answer 117

International Commission on Radiation Protection, publishes guides on radiation protection

Question 118

Define becquerel

Answer 118

Amount of material which gives one desintegration per second

Question 119

What is IMO ?

Answer 119

International Maritime Organization

Question 120

……….. decay is primary decay for man made radioactive materials in nuclear reactors

Answer 120

Beta decay

Question 121

What is color of main types of explosives ? (HMX, RDX, HNS, PYX)

Answer 121

RDX is dyed light pink
• HMX is white
• HNSis pale yellow
• PYX is dark yellow

Question 122

How igneous rocks are formed ?

Answer 122

Igneous rocks are formed when molten magma cools and are divided into two main categories: plutonic rock and volcanic. Plutonic or intrusive rocks result when magma cools and crystallizes slowly within the Earth’s crust (example granite), while volcanic or extrusive rocks result from magma reaching the surface either as lava or fragmental ejecta (examples pumice and basalt)

Question 123

What is pressure gradient for gas (psi/ft) ?

Answer 123

0.08

Question 124

What is IAEA ?

Answer 124

International Atomic Energy Agency, agency of UN, develops the recommendations for transport of radioactive materials

Question 125

What is compressional slowness of Limestone ?

Answer 125

47.5 us/ft

Question 126

in MSCT, what is function of Pressure gauge 3 (PG3)
- RPPV ?

Answer 126

Pressure gauge PG3 is a 0-to-5000 psi bourns pressure gauge
(0 to 2000 ohms FS) that monitors the kinematics plate pressure
(RPPV, rotating plate pressure value), which is the pressure
applied to the kinematics piston. This pressure signal is applied to
the downhole controller in the MCEC-AA to control weight-on-bit
(WOB).

Question 127

What is Limestone ?

Answer 127

Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed largely of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Many limestones are composed from skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as coral or foraminifera.

Известня́к — осадочная горная порода органического, реже хемогенного происхождения, состоящая преимущественно из CaCO3 (карбоната кальция) в форме кристаллов кальцита различного размера.
Известняк, состоящий преимущественно из раковин морских животных и их обломков, называется ракушечником

Question 128

What is mineral ?

Answer 128

A mineral is a naturally occurring substance that is solid and stable at room temperature, representable by a chemical formula, usually abiogenic, and has an ordered atomic structure. It is different from a rock, which can be an aggregate of minerals or non-minerals, and does not have a specific chemical composition

Question 129

What is the color of 10K WHE ?

Answer 129

Black

Question 130

What is HI (Hydrogen Index) ?

Answer 130

HI = grams of H/cc in formation

Question 131

What is Shear slowness of Anhydrite ?

Answer 131

92.0 us/ft

Question 132

What are training requirements specified in RSM for RSO ?

Answer 132

No requirements are specified

Question 133

What is half life for 137Cs ?

Answer 133

30.2 years

Question 134

What surface equipment is required for MSCT ?

Answer 134

1. MCPP-A (Power Panel)
2. MCAP-A (Auxiliary Panel)
3. MCCM-AB (MSCT Tool Module)
4. Auxiliary generator

Question 135

What is rock ?

Answer 135

In geology, a rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals or mineraloids. For example, the common rock, granite, is a combination of the quartz, feldspar and biotite minerals. The Earth’s outer solid layer, the lithosphere, is made of rock. Го́рные поро́ды — природная совокупность минералов более или менее постоянного минералогического состава, образующая самостоятельное тело в земной коре

Question 136

What are the model limitations for TLD measurements ?

Answer 136

1.65 - 3.051 g/cc for density, 1.5 - 5.7 for PEF

Question 137

In HGNS, what is CCCO correction ?

Answer 137

Casing and cement thickness correction

Question 138

What is dose limit for SLB employee ?

Answer 138

20 millisievert per year

Question 139

All OFS locations shall maintain a listing of their radioactive materials and survey meters, and this list shall be updated monthly. The OFS location can produce a monthly listing of their radioactive materials and survey meters by printing a copy of the inventory shown in the Radioactive Materials Inventory System (RMIS) with a suitable date/time stamp. How long this listing should be kept ?

Answer 139

3 years in general, 5 years for Canada and US.

Question 140

What is energy peak for Thorium ?

Answer 140

2.614 MeV

Question 141

The capture cross section of fluid can be determined from ….. ?

Answer 141

From the length of time that Neutron stays at thermal level

Question 142

What is dolomite ?

Answer 142

Dolomite is a carbonate mineral composed of calcim magensium carbonate CaMg(CO3)2

Question 143

in MRX, give characteristics for BFL (Bound Fluid Logging) ?

Answer 143

Bound Fluid Logging (BFL) operates as a continuous depth log at a
single-DOI.
• BFL measures the fast-decaying NMR signals, namely short T2’s. Full
polarization is achieved for water in small pores, however heavy oil and
fast-diffusing light hydrocarbons may also contribute.
• BFL operates in enhanced precision mode.

Question 144

for MRX, give characteristics of BMR (Basic Magnetic Resonance) and Radial Profiling (RP)

Answer 144

Basic Magnetic Resonance (BMR) and Radial Profiling (RP) modes each
operate as a continuous depth log on a shallow and a deep DOI.
• Both provide standard NMR outputs of porosity, bound fluid, free fluid,
permeability, and T2 distributions. BMR runs twice as fast as RP at a cost
of some polarization.
• Data from the two DOI are not averaged together.
• BMR and RP operate in enhanced precision mode

Question 145

in MRX, define RP (radial profiling)

Answer 145

Standard NMR log with full polarization up to T1 = 3 sec. Two DOI.

Question 146

in MRX, define HR (high resolution) mode

Answer 146

High Resolution antenna combined with the Main. Detects light
hydrocarbons by polarization contrast between HR and Main
antenna.

Question 147

in MRX, define T1 Profiling logging mode

Answer 147

Alternative to RP for long T1 and/or low porosity applications. Two
DOI. Useful for light hydrocarbon and / or large pores.

Question 148

in MRX, define SP (Saturation Profiling ) logging mode

Answer 148

Diffusion-based fluid characterization. Two DOI.

Question 149

in MRX, define BMR (Basic Magnetic Resonance ) logging mode

Answer 149

Fast logging with polarization up to T1 = 1 sec. Two DOI.
(Analogous to sandstone mode with CMR).

Question 150

in MRX, define BFL (Bound Fluid Logging ) logging mode

Answer 150

Fast logging for bound fluid. Single DOI.

Question 151

in MRX, what is “shell”

Answer 151

Different shell correspond to different DOI’s (depths of investigation)

Shell - like a certain part, slice of formation

Question 152

in MRX, what are different DOI’s available for standard logging modes ?

Answer 152

The most important feature of MRX is that answers are acquired independently
at multiple DOI in a continuous depth log. All standard modes except bound fluid
logging include a shallow (1.25 or 1.5 inch) and a deep (2.3 or 2.7 inch) DOI
to allow for invasion profiling.

Question 153

What are main concepts of “shells” ?

Answer 153

In a gradient design, the B0 strength decreases with distance from the
borehole.
• Changing the tool frequency selects slices or “shells” of formation.
• The lower the frequency, the deeper the shell.

Question 154

How many antennas in MRX ?

Answer 154

3 antennas in total

Main Antenna
– 5 DOIs: 1.5 inch, 1.9 inch, 2.3 inch, 2.7 inch, 4 inch.
– 18 inch aperture.
• Upper and Lower High Resolution antennae
– 1.25 inch DOI.
– 7.5 inch aperture.

Question 155

How many shells are available in MRX ?

Answer 155

DOIs on the main antenna are Shell 1 through Shell 4 (1.5 through 2.7
inches) and Shell 8 (4 inches).
– The Lower High Resolution (LHR) antenna is Shell 9.
– The Upper High Resolution (UHR) antenna is Shell 10.

Question 156

in NMR, what is CPMG ?

Answer 156

The method of
NMR measurement is sometimes called the CPMG measurement sequence –
after the inventors Carr, Purcell, Meiboom and Gill

Question 157

Is it possible to log MRX in BFL while RIH ?

Answer 157

Only High Resolution Pass can be log down. That would be LHR (S3_S9 ) or UHR (S3_S10).

Question 158

Can the MRX be powered up just with a jumper from the Maxis or with a dummy cable without using a real cable?

Answer 158

No!

1. Do not use a cable jumper directly from the Maxis without a real cable
2. Do not use a dummy cable, will be burnt when high voltage is applied. Modified dummy cable for high voltage might be used.
3. A real cable is required at least 12kft. Note that successful job has been run with 11kft of cable.

Question 159

Do you need weights to aid MRX decent in smaller holes?

Answer 159

Yes!

1. In hole sizes 5 7/8” - 7.5” where you run without the MRX bow spring and shoes, you need to run at least 600lbs weight to aid tool decent in the casing section.
2. In larger hole sizes >7.5” where you run with MRX bow spring and shoes, you do not need weight to aid tool decent in the casing section.

Question 160

What is ECS consist of ?

Answer 160

NPLC (LDSC) + ECS-A

Question 161

What is radial accuracy of PMIT ?

Answer 161

0.03”

Question 162

What is radial resolution of PMIT ?

Answer 162

0.005”

Question 163

What is vertical resolution of PMIT ?

Answer 163

0.083” (at logging speed 1800 ft/hr)

Question 164

What are minimum requirements for BHA for Focused sampling with MRPQ ?

Answer 164

Question 165

What are advantages of Low Shock Sampling with MDT ?

Answer 165

maintains probe and packer seal at the face of the formation
• prevents particulate flow in unconsolidated formations
• prevents large differential pressure drops on the flowline when the sample
bottle is committed
• maintains the sample at a pressure above its bubble point during sampling
• probe and pumpout module may be connected below the sample chambers
(MRMS, MRSC, MRSS) to reach zones near the bottom of the hole
• MPSR and MRSC samples can be overpressured (not possible with SPMC
or MSB/MSV bottles due to self-sealing feature).

Question 166

What is concept for Standard Low Shock sampling ?

Answer 166

Standard low-shock sampling consists of using the MDT pumpout module
(MRPO) to pump the sample from the MDT probe (MRPS/MRPQ) or packer
(MRPA) module into the sample bottle against the force of borehole pressure.

In this configuration, the probe and MRPO can be connected above or below the
MRSC/MRMS/MRSS module in the string, as long as the MDT hydraulic module
(MRHY) is connected adjacent to the probe.

Question 167

What are disadvantages of standard low shock sampling ?

Answer 167

Pumpout module displacement unit may contain fluid and particles from other
 test zones which can contaminate the current sample.

Question 168

What is Reverse Low Shock sampling ?

Answer 168

Reverse low-shock sampling consists of using the MDT Pumpout Module
(MRPO) to draw the buffer fluid out of the sample bottle and pump it out to the
borehole.

In this configuration, the MDT probe (MRPS/MRPQ) and MRPO are
connected on opposite ends of the sample chamber (MRMS, MRSS) tool string.
The probe may be located above the sample chamber or below the sample
chamber as long as the MDT hydraulic module (MRHY) is located on the same
side.

Question 169

What is the main advantage of Reverse Low Shock Sampling over Standard Low Shock ?

Answer 169

The main advantage of reverse low-shock sampling over standard low-shock
sampling using the sample chamber is that the MRPO is pumping out buffer fluid
instead of pumping in the sample itself. Since the MRPO is not pumping the
sample directly into the bottle, any contaminate in the displacement unit of the
MRPO will not affect the purity of the retrieved sample.

Question 170

Name disadvantages of Reverse Low Shock Sampling ?

Answer 170

MRSR and MRSC samples cannot be overpressured

Question 171

What are advantages of Reverse Low Shock Sampling ?

Answer 171

maintains probe and packer seal at the face of the formation
• prevents particulate flow in unconsolidated formations
• prevents large differential pressure drops on the flowline when the sample
bottle is committed.
• maintains the sample at a pressure above its bubble point during sampling
• probe may be connected below the sample chamber to reach zones near
the bottom of the borehole.
• sample flowline can be flushed without contamination from the displacement
unit of the MRPO

Question 172

What is basic BHA configuration for Reverse Low Shock Sampling ?

Answer 172

Question 173

Name main parts of Strain Gauge

Answer 173

Question 174

Can you draw surcuit of Wheatstone bridge on strain gauge ?

Answer 174

Question 175

What is schematic of measurement concept of Strain Gauge ?

Answer 175

Question 176

Give definition of “Normally” when referring to solenoids in MDT

Answer 176

Refers to the de-energized state; i.e., open or closed, of the
solenoid valve. When a solenoid valve is de-energized it is in its
normal or default state. Therefore, a normally closed (NC) solenoid
valve means that with no power applied it is closed. On the other
hand, a normally open (NO) solenoid valve means that with no
power applied it is open.

Question 177

Explain “three way” solenoid function in MRPQ

Answer 177

This term means that the solenoid valve switches the control out
port between either the valve input port (pump output) or the valve
pump return port. When de-energized, a NO three-way solenoid
valve connects the control port to the input port, while isolating the
pump return port. When energized, a NO three-way solenoid valve
connects the control port to the pump return port, and isolates the
pump input port.
When de-energized, a NC three-way solenoid valve connects the
control port to the pump return port, and isolates the input port.
When energized, a NC three-way solenoid valve connects the
control port to the input port, and isolates the pump return port.

Question 178

Describe “two-way” solenoid valve

Answer 178

This term means that the solenoid valve merely connects or
disconnects the input port to the output port. Pump return is not
involved, unless it is connected to one of the ports.

Question 179

Functional operation of three-way NC solenoid valve

Answer 179

Question 180

Functional overview of NO three-way solenoid valve

Answer 180

Question 181

Describe operation of NO two-way solenoid valve

Answer 181

Question 182

How many solenoids in MRPQ in total

Answer 182

8 solenoids:

• six normally-closed (NC) three-way solenoid valves (SOL1, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 8)
• one normally-open (NO) three-way solenoid valve (SOL2)
• one normally-open (NO) two-way solenoid valve (SOL6).

Question 183

Describe MRPQ flow line schematic

Answer 183

Question 184

What is special about SOL 1 and SOL 2 in MRPQ ?

Answer 184

All the solenoids valves are actuated (energized) with a DC voltage of +50 V.
Solenoids valves SOL1 and SOL2 are unique in that once energized they can be
kept energized with +15 V. The +15V backup supply is provided by the Retract
Delay board. This is done to allow the auto retract mechanism to be delayed
in the event of an intermittent 50V power loss.

Question 185

List High Voltage hazards associated with MDT

Answer 185

An AC voltage up to 900 V is present on logging conductors #2, #3, #5, #6,
and #7 at the surface.
• During normal operation, an AC voltage up to 375 V is present at upper-head
pin 2 of the MRPC.
• A DC voltage of +50 V at 20 A is present at upper and lower heads of the
MDT modules.
• MAXIS can provide an AC voltage up to 800 V between the surface ends of
logging conductors #1 and #4.
• Typically an AC voltage of 250 V is present between upper-head pins 1 and 4
of the telemetry cartridge and the MRPC during normal operation.
• An AC voltage of 250 V (cartridge voltage) is present at lower-head pins 20
and 21 of MDT through-wired modules. (Most MDT modules have been
built new or modified with sonde voltage and cartridge voltage through-wire
harnesses.)
• Sonde voltage up to an AC voltage of 600 V may be

Question 186

What are hydraulic high pressure risks associated with MDT ?

Answer 186

Before disconnecting any modules from the MDT string, relieve pressure in
the MRHY by opening (unscrewing) the Accumulator Drain Valve (ADV).
• Use caution when unscrewing threaded parts or porthole covers that do
not spin off freely. Keep your hands and face clear of threaded parts and
porthole covers during removal.
• Use caution when disassembling the Modular Reservoir Hydraulic Module
(MRHY) or the Modular Reservoir Pumpout Module (MRPO), especially in
the accumulator spring area. The accumulator spring that provides automatic
retract capability to the MDT probe has a spring force of 2000 lbf/in.
• Use caution when calibrating the strain gauge or precision pressure gauges
using a dead-weight tester or other high pressure source.
– When calibrating a gauge at high pressure, it is best to place the dead
weight tester in a bunker away from unnecessary personnel whenever
possible.
– Make sure that all pressure fittings and connectors are rated for the
pressure levels to be applied to the gauge being calibrated.

• Do not stand in front of any fittings, gauges, or valves that are under
  high pressure. Stand to the side of any component that may become a
  projectile in the event of a pressure failure.

Question 187

What is asset name for LFA (LFA-ph)?

Answer 187

MRFA-FA

Question 188

What are basic measurements obtained by LFA ?

Answer 188

Visible and near-infrared absorption for fluid composition
For the optical absorption (spectroscopy) measurement, light shines through
the fluid via the sapphire windows mounted in the flowline.
• GOR detection for formation oil property
The amount of light absorbed at several specific wavelengths gives an
indication of the amount of oil, water and gas, as well as the oil properties
(GOR) and OBM contamination level in the flowline.
• pH measurement
The pH is obtained by using pH-sensitive reagents.
• Change in index of refraction for gas detection
For gas detection, an angle of infrared light is aimed at the interface between
a sapphire window and the fluid in the flowline. The intensity of the reflected
light, measured at several different angles, gives an indication of the
presence or absence of gas at the sapphire/fluid interface.

Question 189

What is relationship between optical density and transmittance ?

Answer 189

D=Log(1/T)

Question 190

What are absorpton peaks for water ?

Answer 190

Water has two characteristic absorption peaks in our measurement range, one
at 1,444 nm and the other at 1,930 nm.

Question 191

What is absorption peak for oil ?

Answer 191

1,730 nm,

Question 192

in LFA, list the Spectrometer channels and corresponding wavelengths

Answer 192

Question 193

In MRFA, how GOR is obtained ?

Answer 193

from ration of Methane Peak to Oil Peak

Question 194

List main parts of spectrometer in LFA (MRFA-FA)

Answer 194

• 9 W halogen lamp for the spectrometer light source
• 0.75 W DC motor for chopping the light source
• Rotary solenoid switch for MEASURE, SOURCE, and DARK mode selection
• Photodiode for monitoring lamp status (on or off)
• Photodiode for detecting chopper period
• Ten photodiodes for detecting light transmitted through optical cell

Question 195

List main parts of gas detector in MRFA-FA (LFA)

Answer 195

• LED for gas detector light source
• Six-channel photodiode array for detecting intensity of light reflected from
  sapphire/fluid interface
• Photodiode for monitoring LED intensity

Question 196

What is function of chopper motor in spectrometer in LFA (MRFA-FA) ?

Answer 196

A chopper motor drives a chopper wheel that “chops” the light
at a frequency of approximately 244 Hz. (Chopping the light provides for noise
rejection, allowing the MRFA to be operated even in ambient light.)

Question 197

What is used as a light source in spectrometer in LFA (MRFA-FA) ?

Answer 197

tungsten halogen lamp

Question 198

What is asset name for CFA (Composition Fluid Analyzer) ?

Answer 198

MRFA-GA

MRFA-PG (high pressure version)

Question 199

What are basic measurements provided by CFA ?

Answer 199

Visible and near infrared absorption for gas composition
For the optical absorption (spectroscopy) measurement, light shines through
the fluid via the sapphire windows mounted in the flowline.
• GOR detection for formation oil property
The amount of light absorbed at several specific wavelengths gives an
indication of the amount of oil, water and gas, as well as the oil properties
(GOR) and OBM contamination level in the flowline.
• Condensate identification with fluorescence detector

Question 200

Describe fluorescence principle

Answer 200

The fluorescence measurement involves the illumination of the sample with a
short wavelength excitation light and the detection of the fluorescence emission
light at a longer wavelength. The sample absorbs the excitation light energy and,
after a short time, the sample emits light of a lower frequency than that of the
excitation light. The relevant wavelengths are dependent on the specific sample.

Question 201

In CFA, how fluorescence is used to identify condensate ?

Answer 201

Since the peak height of the light crude oil
and condensate are larger than that of the heavy crude oil, the fluorescence
signal ratio of the two wavelength regions, one from 550 nm and another from
680 nm, can give provide information to identify the condensate.

Question 202

What are basic measurements provided by IFA (MIFA-ND) ?

Answer 202

Transmitted light intensity at 20 different wavelengths in the Filter Array
spectrometer and at 16 different wavelengths in the Grating spectrometer
• Fluorescence emission intensity at two different wavelength ranges in the
fluorescence detector
• Reflected light intensity in the fluorescence detector
• Temperature in the fluorescence detector

Flowline fluid resistance in the resistivity cell
• Sensor temperature in the resistivity cell
• The output intensity of the fluorescence detector light source

Question 203

What measurements are provided by optional sensors in MIFA ?

Answer 203

Flowline pressure in the pressure gauge (MEMS gauge)
• Tool temperature in the pressure gauge (MEMS gauge)
• Flowline fluid density (InSitu Density sensor)
• Sensor temperature (InSitu Density sensor)

Question 204

What information can be obtained from MIFA measurements (12 in total)

Answer 204

• The color of the fluid in the flowline
• The volume fractions of oil and hydrocarbon in the flowline
• The GOR values of the fluid in the flowline
• The OBM filtrate contamination level of the formation oil in the flowline
• Thecomposition of the fluid in the flowline. (C1, C2, C3 to C5, C6+, and CO2)
• The presence of gas in the flowline
• pH value of the water in the flowline (when run with pH dye module)
• The bulk density of the fluid in the flowline
• The pressure of the fluid in the flowline
• The temperature of the fluid in the flowline (direct and indirect measurement)
• The tool temperatures (in some sensors and on PCBs)
• The qualitative resistivity change of the sample in the flowline

Question 205

How many spectrometers IFA has ?

Answer 205

The IFA has two types of spectrometers: Filter Array (FA) spectrometer and
Grating (GS) spectrometers that cover the visible and near infrared (NIR)
wavelength regions.

Question 206

in IFA, what is range of FA (Filter Array) spectrometer ?

Answer 206

The FA has 20 channels that range from 400 nm to 2,100 nm

Question 207

What is range of GS (grating spectrometer) in IFA ?

Answer 207

GS has 16 channels that provide details of the spectrum in the
range of 1,590 nm to 1,820 nm

Question 208

What is function of FA (Filter Array) spectrometer in IFA ?

Answer 208

FA channels at 1,725 nm,
1,760 nm and 1,800 nm are used in the computations of all components, but as
C6+ absorption in these channels are stronger than other components, these
channels are labeled as primarily for C6+.

Measures the transmitted light intensity at 20 different wavelengths
for Fluid Color, Water/oil fraction, OBM filtrate contamination level,
CO2 detection, GOR and Composition Analysis, and water pH

Question 209

What is function of GS (grating spectrometer) in IFA ?

Answer 209

Measures the transmitted light intensity at 16 different wavelengths
for GOR and composition analysis

Question 210

Fluorescence detector in IFA …… ?

Answer 210

Measures the fluorescence emission intensity for two different
wavelength ranges, as well as the reflected light intensity and tool
temperature

Question 211

What is the function of Resistivity sensor in IFA ?

Answer 211

Measures the qualitative resistivity change and temperature of
the sample in the flowline

Question 212

What is functio of InSitu density sensor in IFA ?

Answer 212

Measures the sample density and temperature

Question 213

What is function of MEMS gauge in IFA ?

Answer 213

Measures the sample pressure in the flowline and the temperature
of the gauge

Question 214

List 4 signal channels from Fluorescence detector in IFA

Answer 214

• Fluorescence 0 (FL 0)
• Fluorescence 1 (FL 1)
• Reflection (FLR)
• LED intensity monitor (FLIM)

Question 215

What is volume of one stroke for standart MRPO ?

Answer 215

485 cc

Question 216

What is pressure ratio for standard MRPO ?

Answer 216

1.149

Question 217

What is max differential pressure for standard MRPO ?

Answer 217

4596 psi

Question 218

What is asset name of standart displacement unit on MRPO ?

Answer 218

MRDU-ST (MRDU-AA in OP)

Question 219

The MRPO consists of the following subsections, from upper- to lower end:

Answer 219

electrical section
• mud check valves
• displacement unit
• hydraulic control section
• DC motor pump
• compensator

Question 220

Can you remember NO solenoid in deenergized state ?

Answer 220

A normally-open,
3-way solenoid valve directs the flow of hydraulic fluid between three lines. In
a common installation, these lines include the pump output, pilot, and return.
A control signal applied to the solenoid of the valve shifts the valve from one
position to another. In its de-energized state, the valve routes the pump output
pressure to the pilot line, making this a normally-open valve. The bottom valve
seat is connected to the pump-output line and is at high pressure. The AC sleeve
contains the top-valve seat, which leads to the reservoir line. The pilot line is
located above the bottom valve seat. When the solenoid coil is de-energized, the
needle seats at the top valve seat. The spring keeps the needle seated in this
position. This isolates the return line from the pilot line. High pressure from the
pump output line passes through the bottom valve seat to the pilot line. Applying
+50 V to the coil energizes the solenoid. Once the coil is energized, the armature
pulls the needle down against the bottom valve seat, while opening the top valve
seat. This action isolates the pump output line and allows the pilot line to act as a
return, passing fluid through the valve and to the return line

Question 221

List FBST-E parts from top to bottom

Answer 221

1. FBPC - power electronic cartridge inside ECH-MJA
2. AH-287 - insulation joint
3. AH-320 - flexible insulation joint
4. FBAC-B (with DRHU) inside FBSH-D
5. FBSS-B - sonde

Question 222

What is diameter measurement accuracy for FBSS-B ?

Answer 222

0.25” (6.35 mm)

Question 223

MRPA basic components

Answer 223

Question 224

MRPA conceptual diagram

Answer 224

Question 225

How many circuits MRPA mechanical sonde has ?

Answer 225

The MRPA mechanical sonde has three circuits:
• packer inflation line circuit
• test interval line circuit
• auto deflate hydraulic circuit.

Question 226

Describe Inflate line hydraulic circuit of MRPA

Answer 226

Question 227

Describe Auto Deflate valve hydraulic circuit of MRPA

Answer 227

The only purpose of the auto-deflate hydraulics is to control the auto-deflate valve. The auto-deflate valve is a fail-safe device that automatically deflates the packer elements if a power or telemetry loss between the surface and the MRPA
occurs. It deflates the packer elements by opening the inflate line pressure to the borehole. Then, the elastic properties of the packer elements allow them to deflate. This process is more time consuming than the normal method of deflation, since the auto-deflate valve will have to be closed again before the next inflation.
The hydraulic components on the auto-deflate control circuit include:
• auto-deflate valve
• flowline piston (pump)
• compensator piston
• solenoid valve 2 (SOL2)
• check valves CV1 and CV2
• relief valves RV1 and RV2.
The auto-deflate valve is the controlled component. When hydraulic pressure is applied to the top of the valve piston it closes, isolating the inflate line from the borehole. When the hydraulic pressure at the top of the valve piston is released,
a spring in the valve returns the valve to the open position. The compensator piston provides a hydraulic-oil reservoir that is compensated to borehole (hydrostatic) pressure. The piston is pressure balanced; one side is exposed to borehole pressure and the other side (hydraulic oil reservoir) is maintained at hydrostatic pressure. The piston moves in its cylinder to
compensate for changes in oil volume that take place during different stages of operation.
The flowline piston (pump) provides the hydraulic pressure to close the auto-deflate valve. It is a simple, one-stroke pump powered by mud pressure on the flowline. The MRPO pumps into the flowline to generate the required
pressure, which occurs at the same time the packers are inflated.

The mud pressure applied to the top of the piston exerts force on the hydraulic oil on the other side. This oil exits the flowline piston volume, passes through check valve CV2 to the top of the auto-deflate-valve piston, closing the valve and compressing the return spring. Hydraulic oil exiting the bottom of the auto-deflate-valve piston returns to the oil reservoir at the compensator piston. At this point, the auto-deflate valve is held closed by the oil pressure trapped at the top of its piston by CV2 and SOL2 (which should be closed). If a loss of power or telemetry occurs, the normally open solenoid valve (SOL2)
opens. This allows oil to escape from the top of the piston through SOL2 to the bottom of the piston. A spring in the auto-deflate valve returns the piston to the open position, continuing to force oil from the top of the piston.
The flowline piston has a finite volume of hydraulic oil and therefore limited capacity to close the auto-deflate valve a second time. Thus, the piston has to be recycled before it can pump again. The MRPO pumps out of the flowline to
draw mud pressure out of the flowline piston, drawing hydraulic oil into the other side of the piston. This oil exits the hydraulic reservoir, passes through check valve CV1, and returns to the flowline-piston cylinder.

The two-remaining components are Relief Valves RV1 (100 psi) and RV2 (4700 psi). RV1 prevents over-filling of the hydraulic reservoir. RV1 also prevents oil pressure in the hydraulic reservoir from exceeding 100 psi above hydrostatic
pressure. During oil filling, RV1 expels excess oil when the system is completely full and oil continues to be pumped into the system. The other purpose is to prevent internal damage due to thermal expansion of the oil. If a full reservoir of oil is heated, as in downhole operations, it expands. If this extra volume is not released, it may damage components or the block.
RV2 (4700 psi) prevents trapped pressure between CV2 and SOL2 from exceeding 4700 psi. If pressure exceeds 4700 psi, RV2 bypasses SOL2 and releases the pressure to reservoir. This prevents damage to components from excessive hydraulic pressure.
Private

Question 228

List hydraulic components of ADV control circuit in MRPA

Answer 228

The hydraulic components on the auto-deflate control circuit include:
• auto-deflate valve
• flowline piston (pump)
• compensator piston
• solenoid valve 2 (SOL2)
• check valves CV1 and CV2
• relief valves RV1 and RV2.

Question 229

Draw interval line hydraulic circuit of MRPA

Answer 229

The interval line provides a path between the flowline and the zone that is isolated between the inflated packers. It runs from the screen on the upper end of the lower mandrel, through the interval seal valve, and to the MDT flowline.

The interval seal valve controls communication between the test interval and the flowline. It isolates the test zone while the MRPO is pressuring the flowline to inflate the packer elements. Other components on the interval line include the interval pressure sensors and interval check valve. The pressure sensors include the strain gauge and the combinable quartz gauge (CQG). These gauges monitor either reservoir pressure during standard sampling operations or injection pressure when the
MRPO is being used to inject fluid into the formation.
The interval check valve prevents the interval line pressure from exceeding hydrostatic pressure during sampling operations. If pressure along the interval line exceeds borehole pressure, the interval check valve opens, venting the
pressure directly to the borehole. This feature prevents the packer elements from forcing borehole fluid into the formation, and perhaps causing formation damage during packer inflation.
For injection operations, the interval check valve must be replaced with a plug. When injecting, the MRPO pumps borehole fluid into the flowline, through the interval line, and into the isolated interval’s formation. Injection operations require
that interval line pressure exceed borehole pressure. This is not possible with the interval check valve installed, thus the need for the solid plug.

Question 230

MRPA hydraulic system diagram

Answer 230

Question 231

How many solenoids MRPA-EB has ?

Answer 231

The MRPA-EB has only one normally-open solenoid valve which controls the
Auto-Deflate valve. However, the solenoid valve is commonly referred to as
“Solenoid 2” to maintain consistency with engineering prototypes of the MRPA
module— MRPA-AA/BA/BB—which did indeed contain two solenoids.

Question 232

Name main parts of Carboniferous period

Answer 232

The Carboniferous is a geologic period and system that extends from the end of the Devonian Period, about 359.2 ± 2.5 Ma (million years ago), to the beginning of the Permian Period, about 299.0 ± 0.8 Ma

Question 233

Name main parts of Permian period

Answer 233

The Permian is a geologic period and system which extends from 298.9 ± 0.2 to 252.2 ± 0.5 (Million years ago).[5] It is the last period of the Paleozoic Era, following the Carboniferous Period and preceding the Triassic Period of the Mesozoic Era

Question 234

In TLC-H system, what is AH-141 ?

Answer 234

The AH-141 is an articulated textured weight system, used for pumping tools
through horizontal or highly deviated drill pipe or tubing sections.

Question 235

List main parts of DWCH-HA

Answer 235

1. DWUS (upper sub)
2. DWLS (lower sub)
3. DWCV-HA (control valves)
4. DWCC-HA (cartridge)

Question 236

Describe DWCV (Downhole Wet Connect Valve section)

Answer 236

The Downhole Wet Connect Valve Section (DWCV) is the chief mechanical
support between the drillpipe and the logging tools. The DWCV is pressure
rated to 25,000 psi and is thus of massive construction

The downhole section of the DWCV contains the check isolation valves (T5011225)
that isolate the pipe bore from the pipe annulus and is through wired

The DWCV locates the DWCC in the latching chamber and conducts mud
flow around it. The PWCH is guided into the collet and held in position during
logging operations.

Question 237

Describe DWCC

Answer 237

The DWCC consists of the male contact assembly, oil compensated chamber,
latch collet and oil-to-air high pressure 8-pin bulkhead. This pressure
compensated tool has an 100 psi relief valve in line with the oil fill port and 8
through wires. The 8-pin fluid to air bulkhead is rated to 25,000 psi.
It is recommended that the DWCC be hand-carried to the wellsite to avoid
damage during transit.

Question 238

Describe DWUS and DWLS

Answer 238

These housings make up the latching chamber and form a flow tube for the
PWCH to be held in during latching and logging operations. Each of the 4-3/4 in
connections is a standard size for a 3-1/2 IF box connection and has upsets back
to the 4-in tube diameter to assist lifting operations at the wellsite. The top sub
T5011260 is intended to be used as a saver sub as it is 24-in long and a constant
diameter. This may have the 3-1/2 IF pipe thread recut several times.

Question 239

Give general description of DWCH

Answer 239

The Downhole Wet Connect Head (DWCH-HA) is the mechanical and electrical
connection between the surface and the logging tools, conveyed into the well via
the rig draw works and drillpipe. The DWCH-HA houses the downhole part of
the latching system, pressure compensated male contact assembly, mud check
valves and RTD temperature sensor.
During the pump down and latch process, the tool will pass mud through the
non-return mud check valves and into the pipe annulus while preventing backflow
into the pipe bore. This provides positive well control, and prevents debris and
back flow into the latching chamber. The PWCH is guided into the latch collet
and fixed in position during the logging run.

Question 240

Give general description of PWCH-HA

Answer 240

The Pump Down Wet Connect Head or PWCH-HA is the section of the wet
connect system that conveys the wireline down to the tools during the latching
process. It has an outside diameter (OD) of 1.92-in and will thus pass trough the
bore of any 3-1/2-in pipe. The heptacable is attached via a rope socket to the
PWCH to the female contact assembly in a protected oil filled chamber.
The system latches via a collet to the DWCH-HA. The PWCH features a hydraulic
delay mechanism to prevent accidental unlatching. This oil-filled mechanism is
housed in the PWCH, allowing intervention or maintenance to be performed
without pulling the BHA from the hole.
The tool features a Casing Collar Locator (CCL) to assist in monitoring tool
motion, this is switched off after latching to prevent any interference with uphole
signals.

Question 241

Describe Latch Collet in TLCS-H system

Answer 241

The collet consists of 8 fingers, each about 13 in long. The body of the collet
has three junk slots at the base to allow the ejection of mud and any small-sized
particulates during the latching process.

When the collet is locked, it will withstand loads far in excess of the 8000-lbf
requirement.

Question 242

Hydraulic delay latch mechanism in TLCS-H

Answer 242

The tool is designed to unlatch at a low applied line tension of 1000 lbf while
providing a high strength latch, i.e., a latch capable of withstanding a shock of
8000 lbf or more. In order to achieve this, the TLCS-HA design team investigated
the Lee Viscojet restrictors. These devices use “spin chambers” to reduce the
viscosity effects of fluid.

Question 243

Does DWCH-H has any check valves ?

Answer 243

The DWCH-HA features two full bore in line 15,000 psi check valves. These
check valves have many advantages over the open ports as seen in the
TLCS-AC system (occasionally the DWCH will be run without the ported housing
to try and limit debris problems) or mud piston system as used in the TLCS-SA
system (prone to significant wear, O-ring damage and has a high crack pressure).

Question 244

The advantages of the TLCS-HA check valve system are:

Answer 244

annular isolation and well control: the valves will prevent formation fluid or
gas flowing through the pipe bore, offering a positive well control benefit
• debris control: the valves prevent debris backflowing into the latch chamber
and interfering with the latching process or packing off around the PWCH
and forcing it out of the collet.
• no U-tubing effect is likely with the check valves
• low cracking pressure
• low erosion.

Question 245

What is the purpose of snatch block pulley in TLC ?

Answer 245

The purpose of the snatch block is to pull the cable away from the drillpipe to
provide clearance for making and breaking drillpipe connections. It also keeps
the cable away from the block as it moves up and down. The snatch block can
be positioned either by tying it back with a chain or by pulling it with an air hoist.
The angle between the drillpipe and the cable should be less than 45 degrees.

Question 246

What snatch block are approved to be used in TLC operations ?

Answer 246

The Product Center has approved a snatch block for TLC operations. The
product is the Lebus L-160 series snatch block made by The Crosby Group in
Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA. The snatch block uses roller bearings and has a 5- in
sheave. It uses a shackle and the SWL is 6 metric tons. The part number of the
snatch block is 100206509 and it can be ordered through SWPS.

Question 247

in NMR, what is Spin Echo ?

Answer 247

The Spin Echo is the signal that is detected by the CMR antenna.

Question 248

What is NMR ?

Answer 248

The NMR measurement consists of a series of manipulations of hydrogen atom
nuclei (protons) in fluid molecules. The manipulations are possible because
protons have a magnetic moment. They behave like small bar magnets, so
their orientations can be controlled by magnetic fields. They also have a spin,
which makes them act in some respects like gyroscopes. For present purposes,
“Proton”, “nucleus”, “moment”, and “spin” are all synonyms, and may be used
interchangeably in discussing NMR.

Question 249

What are main steps in NMR measurement ?

Answer 249

The measurement consists of a sequence of steps: alignment, spin tipping, precession, dephasing, refocusing, transverse relaxation, and longitudinal relaxation. An overview of the NMR measurement on porous rock is shown in the figure below.

Question 250

What is the first step in NMR measurement ?

Answer 250

The first step in performing an NMR measurement is to align the nuclear moments (panel 1 of Figure 3-6). A stronger, constant magnetic field,B0, is applied to the formation for this purpose. The CMR sensor has strong permanent magnets that create the static field. This field, B0, is 5,000,000 Tesla or about 900 times stronger than the magnetic field of the earth. The hydrogen nuclei in the formation will align their spin axes with this field.

Question 251

in NMR, what is T1 ?

Answer 251

The degree of alignment of hydrogen atoms along B₀ , it increases exponentially with a time constant called the
longitudinal relaxation time (T1).

Question 252

What is the second step in NMR measurement ?

Answer 252

Once the spins are aligned with B0, they are in equilibrium, i.e., they are in a low energy state, and will remain aligned unless disturbed. The second step in the measurement cycle is to disturb them. This is performed by applying an oscillating magnetic field perpendicular to the direction of B0, using an antenna . The oscillating field is called B1

Question 253

What happens after B1 applied, in NMR ?

Answer 253

When the spins are tipped 90 degrees from the direction of B0, they precess in the plane perpendicular to B0. In this respect they act like a toy top in a gravitational field,

Question 254

How dephasing can be reversed, in NMR ?

Answer 254

The dephasing caused by the inhomogeneity of B0 is reversible. B1 shifted by 180 Deg applied for this purpose. the trick of applying 180 degree pulses can be repeated over and over again. The usual procedure is to apply 180 degree pulses in an evenly spaced train, as close together as possible a. An echo forms midway between each pair of 180 pulses. The entire pulse sequence, a 90 degree pulse followed by along series of 180 degree pulses, is called a “CPMG”. The echo spacing is called TE, and for borehole logging tools TE is in the range 0.2 - 5 milliseconds.

Question 255

What is T2 in NMR ?

Answer 255

The characteristic decay time for echo amplitude is called T2, the transverse relaxation time. It is called transverse
relaxation time because the dephasing occurs in the plane transverse to the static field B0.

Question 256

What kind of dephasing can not be reversed by 180 Deg pulses ?

Answer 256

Caused by molecular processes. These molecular processes are related to petrophysical properties such as movable fluid porosity, pore size distribution, and permeability. Unlike the dephasing due to magnet inhomogeneities, which is reversible, the dephasing due to molecular processes is irreversible.

Question 257

NMR has next three types of relaxation mechanisms ….

Answer 257

1. Surface relaxation mechanism
2. Molecular diffusion mechanism
3. Bulk fluid mechanism

Question 258

List CMR operation modes

Answer 258

• A-Mode Depth Logging
• Station Logging Mode
• Sequential (B-Mode) Depth Logging
• Enhanced Precision Depth Logging Mode
• Sequential Enhanced Precision Depth Logging Mode
• Larmor Frequency Search Mode

Question 259

What is purpose of Aut Tuning in CMR ?

Answer 259

The purpose of Auto-Tuning is to allow the operating frequency to adjust automatically to changes in the static magnetic field B0. The field B0 directly affects the Larmor frequency, and the tool needs to operate at a frequency close to the Larmor frequency to maintain the calibrated porosity answer (amplitude of the measured signal)

Question 260

How many auto tuning loops CMR has ?

Answer 260

Auto tuning (AT) has two loops:

The antenna tuning (ANT): This loop adjusts the operating frequency to match as good as possible the antenna resonant frequency.

The Auto Larmor frequency (ALF): This loop finds the “desired operating frequency” (Larmor frequency) and selects the tune word that best matches this value.

Question 261

What are ditch magnets and their purpose. How they can help in CMR logging ?

Answer 261

The ditch magnets (large magnets weighing around 50-70 lbs) need to be used during drilling, and circulation, especially during a milling/sidetrack operation; and in deviated wells, to continuously remove metal debris from the well. Ask the client to place the magnets in the flow line AFTER the shale shakers when circulating the mud

Question 262

Does CMR porosity (MRP) depend on selection of mineralogy ?

Answer 262

MRP does not depend on the selection of mineralogy. If MRP does not agree with neutron or density porosity, make sure that the correct mineralogy has been selected for the neutron and density porosities.

Question 263

How CMR reads in Shaly Formations ?

Answer 263

The MR porosity is an effective porosity measurement and is, therefore, lower than neutron and density porosities in shaly formations. MR free-fluid volume (FFV) is usually much lower than MR porosity (MRP) in shaly formations.

Question 264

How CMR reads in Gas Zones ?

Answer 264

In gas zones, the MR porosity is much lower than density porosity, and usually slightly lower than neutron porosity. The MR response in gas zones depends on invasion and the hydrogen index of the gas.

Question 265

What is CMR response in washouts ?

Answer 265

MR porosity spikes high in washouts and intervals where the skid is not in good contact with the formation.

Question 266

How often CMR should be tuned, if there is no autotuning

Answer 266

Minimum 3 times :

a. Immediately before the repeat pass
b. Immediately before the main pass
c. At the completion of logging

Question 267

What is pressure derivative response in Dry Test for XPT ?

Answer 267

Question 268

for XPT, what is Pressure Derivative response in Tight Test ?

Answer 268

Question 269

for XPT, what is Pressure Derivative response in test with Micro Leak ?

Answer 269

Question 270

in XPT, what is Pressure Derivative response for test which is possibly supercharged ?

Answer 270

Question 271

For XPT, what is Pressure Derivative response for test wtih good mobility ?

Answer 271

Question 272

For XPT, what is Pressure Derivative response for test with very high mobility ?

Answer 272

Question 273

Answer 273

What is pressure derivative response in Dry Test for XPT ?

Question 274

Answer 274

for XPT, what is Pressure Derivative response in Tight Test ?

Question 275

Answer 275

for XPT, what is Pressure Derivative response in test with Micro Leak ?

Question 276

Answer 276

in XPT, what is Pressure Derivative response for test which is possibly supercharged ?

Question 277

Answer 277

For XPT, what is Pressure Derivative response for test wtih good mobility ?

Question 278

Answer 278

For XPT, what is Pressure Derivative response for test with very high mobility ?

Question 279

What is Hydrates ?

Answer 279

In Gas wells and under certain conditions of temperature and pressure,
some constituents of natural gas will combine with the water vapour to form
hydrocarbon hydrates.
These hydrates have the appearance of snow or ice and form in the valves, flow
lines or even several hundred feet below surface in the tubing.This can block
the passage of tools or fluid flow.

Question 280

How to prevent Hydrates occurence ?

Answer 280

Since hydrates will form only in gas wells when water is present so when the
water used for pressure testing will only aggravate the problem.On gas wells
always use ethylene glycol (anti-freeze)to fill the lubricator during testing.
Glycol can also be used to prevent formation of hydrates and injected
continuously during the job through the WL Valve or chemical injection subs.

Question 281

What is OD of PMIT-B ?

Answer 281

2 7/8” (2.875”)

Question 282

in TLC, what is CCTS ?

Answer 282

Cable Cutter Tool Sub

It is run below CSES in place of TLC ropesocket, to cut cable at PWCH

Question 283

К группе опасности (совместимости) А относятся следующие ВМ ….

Answer 283

Инициирующие взрывчатые вещества

Question 284

К группе опасности (совместимости) B относятся следующие ВМ ….

Answer 284

Изделия, содержащие инициирующие взрывчатые вещества

Question 285

К группе опасности (совместимости) С относятся следующие ВМ ….

Answer 285

Метательные взрывчатые вещества и другие дефлагиррующие взрывчатые вещества или изделия содержащие их (бездымный порох)

Question 286

К группе опасности (совместимости) D относятся следующие ВМ ….

Answer 286

Вторичные детонирующие взрывчатые вещества; дымный порох; изделия, содержащие детонирующие взрывчатые вещества без средств инициирования и метательных зарядов (детонирующего шнура)

Question 287

К группе опасности (совместимости) Е относятся следующие ВМ ….

Answer 287

Изделия, содержащие вторичные детонирующие вещества без средств инициирования, но с метательным зарядом (кроме содержащих легковоспламеняющуюся жидкость)

Question 288

К группе опасности (совместимости) F относятся следующие ВМ ….

Answer 288

Изделия, содержащие вторичные детонирующие ВВ, средства инициирования и метательные заряды, или без метательных зарядов

Question 289

К группе опасности (совместимости) G относятся следующие ВМ ….

Answer 289

Пиротехнические вещества и изделия, содержащие их

Question 290

К группе опасности (совместимости) N относятся следующие ВМ ….

Answer 290

Изделия ,содержащие чрезвычайно нечувствительные детонирующие вещества

Question 291

К группе опасности (совместимости) S относятся следующие ВМ ….

Answer 291

Вещества или изделия, упакованные или сконструированные так, что при случайном срабатывании любое опасное проявление ограничено самой упаковкой, а если тара разрушена огнем, то эффект взрыва или разбрасывания ограничен, что не препятствует проведению аварийных мер или тушению пожара в непосредственной близости от упаковки

Question 292

Для чего служит наряд-накладная ?

Answer 292

Наряд-накладная служит для отпуска взрывчатых материалов с одного места хранения на другое.

При передаче ВМ с одного склада на другой, принадлежащих одной организации, заполняется три экземпляра наряд-накладной

Question 293

Для чего служит наряд-путевка ?

Answer 293

Наряд-путевка на производство взрывных работ служит для отпуска ВМ взрывникам.

Наряд-путевка подписывается лицом контроля на участке, где проводятся работы

Question 294

Какие ВМ по степени опасности обращения с ними относятся к подклассу 1.1 ?

Answer 294

Взрывчатые материалы с опасностью взрыва массой

Question 295

Какие ВМ по степени опасности обращения с ними относятся к подклассу 1.2 ?

Answer 295

Взрывчатые материалы невзрывающиеся массой

Question 296

Какие ВМ по степени опасности обращения с ними относятся к подклассу 1.3 ?

Answer 296

Взрывчатые материалы пожароопасные, не взрывающиеся массой

Question 297

Какие ВМ по степени опасности обращения с ними относятся к подклассу 1.4 ?

Answer 297

Взрывчатые материалы, не представляющие значительной опасности

Question 298

Какие ВМ по степени опасности обращения с ними относятся к подклассу 1.5 ?

Answer 298

Очень не чувствительные взрывчатые материалы

Question 299

Какие ВМ по степени опасности обращения с ними относятся к подклассу 1.6 ?

Answer 299

Изделия чрезвычайно низкой чувствительности

Question 300

Что такое Взрывчатый Материал ?

Answer 300

ВЗРЫВЧАТЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ (blasting materials) — собирательное наименование взрывчатых веществ, изделий из них (патронов, шашек, кумулятивных, перфораторных, накладных и других специальных зарядов и зарядов беспламенного взрывания), порохов, а также средств инициирования — капсюлей-детонаторов и электродетонаторов, детонирующих шнуров и огнепроводных шнуров, зажигательных трубок и т.п., применяемых для взрывных работ.

Question 301

What is OD of FSI and min restriction for this tool ?

Answer 301

OD is 1.83”, min restriction 2.0”

Question 302

List sensors in FSI

Answer 302

• 6 Optical probes
• 6 Electrical probes
• 5 mini-spinners
• Caliper
• Relative bearing

Question 303

Какие технические устройства относят к опасным ?

Answer 303

• технические устройства, работающие под давлением более 0,07 мегаПаскаля или при температуре нагрева воды более 115 градусов Цельсия;
• 2) грузоподъемные механизмы, эскалаторы, канатные дороги, фуникулеры, лифты.

Question 304

Оценка опасности производственного объекта проводится по следующим коэффициентам….

Answer 304

• 1) частоты несчастных случаев;
• 2) тяжести несчастных случаев;
• 3) частоты смертельного травматизма;
• 4) профессиональной заболеваемости;
• 5) износа основных фондов;
• 6) замены основных фондов;
• 7) аварийности опасного производственного объекта.

Уровень опасности производственных объектов, в том числе среднеотраслевые показатели, определяется уполномоченным органом.

Question 305

Что такое опасный производственный фактор ?

Answer 305

• физическое явление, возникающее при авариях, инцидентах на опасных производственных объектах, причиняющее вред физическим и юридическим лицам, окружающей среде

Question 306

Дайте определение промышленной безопасности

Answer 306

• состояние защищенности физических и юридических лиц, окружающей среды от вредного воздействия опасных производственных факторов

Question 307

Что такое авария ?

Answer 307

• разрушение зданий, сооружений и (или) технических устройств, применяемых на опасном производственном объекте, неконтролируемые взрыв и (или) выброс опасных веществ;

Question 308

Что такое инцидент ?

Answer 308

• отказ или повреждение технических устройств, применяемых на опасном производственном объекте, отклонение от режима технологического процесса, нарушение законодательства Республики Казахстан;

Question 309

Государственный инспектор - это …..

Answer 309

• должностное лицо, осуществляющее государственный надзор за соблюдением требований законодательства Республики Казахстан в области промышленной безопасности;

Question 310

Технические устройства - это ….

Answer 310

• • машины, оборудование и другие конструкции, имеющие самостоятельное значение (приборы учета, задвижки, краны и прочее).

Question 311

Государственный инспектор имеет право :

Answer 311

• 1) с соблюдением установленного порядка посещать опасные производственные объекты в целях проведения проверок состояния промышленной безопасности;
• 2) знакомиться с документами, необходимыми для проверки исполнения требований нормативных правовых актов в области промышленной безопасности;
• 3) В случае выявления нарушений законодательства РК в области пром. безопасности вносить акт - предписание об устранении нарушений, привлекать к адм. ответственности лиц, виновных в нарушениях, в порядке установленном кодексом РК
• 4) Запрещать эксплуатацию неисправных технических устройств, представляющих угрозу жизни и здоровью людей, на период до устранения неисправностей, за исключением случаев, когда это связано с приостановкой, остановкой производства

Question 312

Какие производственные объекты относятся к опасным ?

Answer 312

К опасным производственным объектам относятся объекты, на которых:

1. производится, используется, перерабатывается, образуется, хранится, транспортируется, уничтожается хотя бы одно из следующих веществ:

• воспламеняющееся вещество
• взрывчатое
• горючее
• окисляющее
• токсичное

2. Ведутся горные, геологоразведочные, буровые, взрывные работы, работы по добыче полезных ископаемых, переработке минерального сырья, работы в подземных условиях
3. Эксплуатируются электроустановки всех типов, применяемые на опасных производственных объектах
4. Эксплуатируются гидротехнические сооружения опасных производственных объектов.

Question 313

Каким путем обеспечивается промышленная безопасность ?

Answer 313

• 1) установления и выполнения обязательных требований промышленной безопасности;
• 2) допуска к применению на опасных производственных объектах технологий, технических устройств, материалов, прошедших процедуру подтверждения соответствия нормам промышленной безопасности;
• 3) декларирования безопасности опасного производственного объекта;
• 4) государственного надзора, а также производственного надзора в области промышленной безопасности
• 5) экспертизы промышленной безопасности;
• 6) аттестации организаций на проведение работ в области промышленной безопасности;
• 7) мониторинга промышленной безопасности

4) государственного надзора, а также производственного надзора в области промышленной безопасности

Question 314

На каждом сосуде работающем под давлением прикрепляется табличка. Для сосудов наружным диаметром менее 325 мм допускается табличку не устанавливать. При этом все необходимые данные наносятся на корпус сосуда электрографическим методом.

Что указывается на табличке ?

Answer 314

• 1) товарный знак или наименование изготовителя;
• 2) наименование или обозначение сосуда;
• 3) порядковый номер сосуда по системе нумерации изготовителя;
• 4) год изготовления;
• 5) рабочее давление, МПа;
• 6) расчетное давление, МПа;
• 7) пробное давление, МПа;
• 8) допустимая максимальная и (или) минимальная рабочая температура стенки, °С;
• 9) масса сосуда, кг.

Question 315

На какие емкости распространяются требования к устройству и безопасной эксплуатации сосудов, работающих под давлением. ?

Answer 315

• 1) сосуды, работающие под давлением воды с температурой выше 115°С или других нетоксичных, невзрывопожароопасных жидкостей при температуре, превышающей температуру кипения при давлении 0,07 МПа (0,7 кгс/см2);
• 2) сосуды, работающие под давлением пара, газа или токсичных взрывопожароопасных жидкостей свыше 0,07 МПа (0,7 кгс/см2);
• 3) баллоны, предназначенные для транспортировки и хранения, использования сжатых, сжиженных и растворенных газов под давлением свыше 0,07 МПа (0,7 кгс/см2);
• 4) цистерны и бочки для транспортировки и хранения сжатых и сжиженных газов, давление паров которых при температуре до 50°С превышает давление 0,07 МПа (0,7 кгс/см2);
• 5) цистерны и сосуды для транспортировки или хранения сжатых, сжиженных газов, жидкостей и сыпучих тел, в которых давление выше 0,07 МПа (0,7 кгс/см2) создается периодически для их опорожнения;
• 6) барокамеры.

Question 316

На какие емкости НЕ распространяются требования к устройству и эксплуатации сосудов работающих под давлением ?

Answer 316

• 1) сосуды атомных энергетических установок, сосуды, работающие с радиоактивной средой;
• 2) сосуды вместимостью не более 0,025 м3 (25 л) независимо от давления, используемые для научно-экспериментальных целей. Группа сосудов, сосуды, состоящие из отдельных корпусов и соединенные между собой трубами с внутренним диаметром более 100 мм, рассматриваются как один сосуд;
• 3) сосуды и баллоны вместимостью не более 0,025 м3 (25 л), у которых произведение давления в МПа (кгс/см2) на вместимость в м3 (литрах) не более 0,02 (200);
• 4) сосуды, работающие под давлением, создающимся при взрыве внутри них, в соответствии с технологическим процессом, или горении в режиме самораспространяющегося высокотемпературного синтеза;
• 5) сосуды, работающие под вакуумом;
• 6) сосуды, устанавливаемые на морских, речных судах и других плавучих средствах (кроме драг);
• 7) сосуды, устанавливаемые на самолетах и других летательных аппаратах;
• 8) воздушные резервуары тормозного оборудования подвижного состава железнодорожного транспорта, автомобилей и других средств передвижения;
• 9) сосуды специального назначения военного ведомства;
• 10) приборы парового и водяного отопления;
• 11) трубчатые печи;
• и др…..

Question 317

What is temperature limit for HNGS sensor ?

Answer 317

• 1. The HNGS detector maximum temperature operation limit is 60 degC in order to provide valid data.
• 2. If a detector is exposed to temperatures exceeding 80 degC, the master calibration shall be repeated. The detector assembly needs to be returned for repair or replacement if the following is observed:
     • Th-resolution is out of tolerance (>9%) or has increase by more than
     0.5% since the last calibration.

• Detector high voltage (at the same detector temperature) is more than
50 V higher.

Question 318

What is radius and thickness resolution for UCI ?

Answer 318

Radius measurement resolution: 0.1mm (0.004”)

Thickness measurements: 0.38mm (0.015”)

Question 319

What is radial and thickness resolution for USI ?

Answer 319

• Radius measurement resolution: 0.5mm (0.002”)
• Thickness measurements: 0.5mm (0.002”)

Question 320

Describe risk levels, from highest level of risk to lowest

Answer 320

1. Extreme
2. High
3. Medium
4. Low
5. Incignificant

Question 321

Describe Likelyhood and Severity Matrix

Answer 321

Likelyhood:

1. Very low
2. Low
3. Medium
4. High
5. Very High

Severity:

1. Light
2. Serious
3. Major
4. Catastrophic
5. Multi Catastrophic

Question 322

Перечислите группы опасности (совместимости) ВМ

Answer 322

A, B, C, D, E, F, G, N, S

Question 323

In VSI, what is Nascent data ?

Answer 323

The original hardware measurement data, no processing at all. Each trace sample represents the output from the hardware A/D converter. vsi_###_nascent_shot_#.ldf

Question 324

in VSI workbench, what is Raw data ?

Answer 324

The shot data before the optional band-pass filtering. This is input to the mean/median stacking. Depending on the option selected for the sensor transform pre-processing, the output files are named based on one of the
following rules.
Geophone Transform applied (default) : vsi_###_raw_shot_geo_#.ldf
Integration applied : vsi_###_raw_shot_vel_#.ldf
No transform applied : vsi_###_raw_shot_gac_#.ldf

Question 325

in VSI workbench, what is Wavefield data ?

Answer 325

The stack data after the optional band-pass filtering. In case of the walkaway survey, this is same as the Filtered Shot Data. The stack data where all the shots are unselected is not included in this data. Depending on the option for the sensor transform pre-processing to the shots used for the stacking, one of the following file naming conventions is applied.
Geophone Transform applied (default) : vsi_###_geo_wavefield_#.ldf
Integration applied : vsi_###_vel_wavefield_#.ldf
No transform applied : vsi_###_gac_wavefield_#.ldf

Question 326

How many types of data created by Workbench ?

Answer 326

• 1. Nascent Shot Data - This is pure hardware digital data.
• 2. Raw Shot Data - Acquisition gain compensated, Sensor transform applied.
• 3. Raw Stack Data - Mean/Median stack result from the raw shot data
• 4. Wavefield Data - Remove bad traces and optional band-pass filtering applied.

Question 327

What are parts of HRLA ?

Answer 327

• The HRUC-B (High Resolution laterolog array Upper Cartridge), inside the HRUH-B housing, is the electronics cartridge containing all measurement and digital circuits. It also acts as electrode A5.
• The HRLS-B (High-Resolution Laterolog array Sonde) is an oil compensated sonde with a stack of electrodes covering the range of A5’-A4. The sonde is through-wired to allow combining with tools below the HRLA.
• The HRLC-B (High Resolution laterolog array Lower Cartridge), inside the HRLH-B housing, just contains through-wires, no electronics. The HRLH-B housing acts as part of the bucking electrode A5’.
• The AH-270, or AH-269, are short isolating subs which separate the HRLC-B from the tool or housing below the HRLT-B that acts as electrode A6’.

Question 328

What is AH-272 ?

Answer 328

The AH-272 is a special adapter which both interrupts CAN bus wires (for use with FMI and other tools with termination resistors on the DTB) and shorts line #9 to line #10 at the top of the toolstring for using line #9 as voltage reference for
the HRLT.

Question 329

What is REM stands for ?

Answer 329

Roentgen Equivalent Man (unit to measure dose equivalent)

Question 330

Name main parts of MRPO

Answer 330

Question 331

Describe MRPO-CA

Answer 331

The MRPO-CA is the standard 20 kpsi version of this tool. It includes sonde through-wires to provide an AC
voltage of 250 V (cartridge voltage) and AC voltage of 400 V (sonde voltage) to the lower 22–pin head of the
MRPO. The MRPO-NCA is the sealed bulkhead version of the MRPO-CA.

H708660/100372474

Question 332

Describe MRPO-PA/NPA

Answer 332

The MRPO-PA is a high pressure version (25 kpsi) version of the MRPO-BA plus through-wire MR kit (H720757).
The MRPO-PA includes high pressure components including the electronics housing, port caps, and internal
components. The MRPO-NPA is the sealed bulkhead version of the MRPO-PA.

H703650/100372475

Question 333

Describe MRPO-SA/NSA

Answer 333

TheMRPO-SA is a high pressure version (30 kpsi) version of the MRPO-CA with the addition of through-wires.
The MRPO-SA includes high pressure components including the electronics housing, port caps, and internal
components. The MRPO-NSA is the sealed bulkhead version of the MRPO-SA.

100147646/100372476

Question 334

What are the Poppet Valves in MRPO ?

Answer 334

The poppet valves along with Solenoid 3 reverse the stroke of the displacement unit piston-rod assembly. This is done by switching the pump output pressure from one piston to the other via the poppet valves.

Question 335

How many Poppet Valves in MRPO ?

Answer 335

There are two types of poppet valves, they are PVPC (Poppet Valve Pilot Close) and PVPO (Poppet Valve Pilot Open). There are two of each type of valve. PVPC1 and PVPC3 are pilot close valves, while PVPO2 and PVPO4 are pilot
open valves.

Question 336

Describe function of PVPO (Poppet Valve Pilot Open)

Answer 336

This valve also has two main ports and a pilot port. The PVPO is a normally closed valve. This means that when no pilot pressure is applied, a spring shifts the valve so that the input and output ports are isolated from each
other.

Question 337

Describe PVPC

Answer 337

PVPC is normally opened valve

Question 338

Describe function of Sol 3 and poppet valves in MRPO

Answer 338

The pilot pressure comes from the hydraulic pump and is switched on and off by Solenoid 3. Solenoid 3 in turn is controlled by the Hall-Effect sensor located in the center of the displacement unit. When Solenoid 3 is de-energized, pump output pressure is applied to the lower end of the DU through normally open poppet valve PVPC3. Oil from the upper end of the DU is returned to reservoir via normally open poppet valve PVPC1. When the ring magnet on the lower piston is detected by the Hall-Effect sensor, Solenoid 3 is energized and pilot pressure is applied to the poppet valves. Pump output pressure is now applied to the upper end of the DU via normally closed poppet valve PVPO4. Oil from the lower end of the DU returns to reservoir via
normally closed poppet valve PVPO2.

Question 339

What is the purpose of Sol 1 and Sol 2 in MRPO ?

Answer 339

To control reversible mud check valves

Question 340

What is the purpose of Mud Check Valves in MRPO ?

Answer 340

The reversible mud check valves control the flowline fluid path within the MRPO - that is they switch between
pumping in to pumping out. There are four of these valves in the module (CMV1, CMV2, CMV3, CMV4)

Question 341

Hydraulic system of MRPO can be divided in next main 6 sections ….

Answer 341

• The displacement unit (DU) which actually moves fluid to and from the flowline.
• • The hydraulic control components for the DU; that is, the poppet valves and Solenoid 3.
• • The reversible mud check valves, which control the direction of fluid flow through the module; that is, pumping IN or OUT
• • The hydraulic control of the reversible mud check valves; that is, Solenoids 1 and 2 and their associated components.
• • The hydraulic power supply, including electric motor, pump and associated components.

Question 342

How to adjust DCBL parameters for MAST ?

Answer 342

There is no NMSG parameters in maxwell for MAST DCBL log, but you still can tune the detection gate using there parameters on the plot .You will find them under zoning parameters
These parameter labelled on the plot only for MUH and so you need to do the same for MLH

Question 343

Which parst EMS consist of (from top to bottom) ?

Answer 343

1. EMA-B— sensor adapter (consists of the mud-resistivity sensor electrodes and mud-temperature sensor device without any related electronics.
2. EMC-B — cartridge (contains all the electronics that provide sensor signal processing, as well as the tool control functions based on FTB telemetry communication)
3. EMM-B — mechanical sub (contains the hydraulic system that activates the caliper arms.

Question 344

List measurements provided by EMS

Answer 344

• mud resistivity
• mud temperature
• caliper (for borehole diameter)
• mono-axial acceleration (optional) for speed correction

Question 345

List principal components of Chemical Cutter (11 in total)

Answer 345

CABLEHEAD ASSEMBLY/SINKER BAR

1. CONDUCTIVE SLACK JOINT ASSEMBLY
2. ELECTRICAL CROSS OVER SUB.
3. FIRING SUB ADAPTER
4. GAS GENERATOR SUB
5. ANCHOR BODY ASSEMBLY
6. PRESSURE RELIEF SUB
7. CHEMICAL CYLINDER
8. CATALYST SUB
9. SEVERING HEAD
10. BULL PLUG
11. CENTRALIZER

Question 346

Which Chemical Cutters have integral severing head ?

Answer 346

11/16 Through 2 3/8 CUTTERS

Question 347

What is special note, when connecting Chemical Cylinder and Severing Head, in CHC ?

Answer 347

THERE WILL BE A SMALL GAP BETWEEN THE CYLINDER AND SEVERING HEAD. DO NOT ATTEMPT TO CLOSE IT, THE TEFLON WASHER MAY BE CRUSHED.

THE USE OF A TOOL STAND (Minimum 12” High) IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED TO POSITION THE ELEVATED END OF CYLINDER ON.

Question 348

Name parts of 10K grease injections eqiupment, from top to bottom…. :

Answer 348

1. Line Wiper
2. HGT Stuffing Box
3. Flow tubes
4. Grease Injection - control modules
5. Ball Check Valve
6. Tool (Head) Catcher
7. Lubricators
8. Tool Trap
9. Quick Test Safety Sub
10. Pump-In Sub
11. Double/Tripple Ram WL Valve
12. Shear and Seal WL Valve
13. Crossover to Customer Equipment
14. Flexible Lines
15. Cable Cutter Sub
16. Variable Length Lubricators

Question 349

Name main parts of Production X-tree

Question 350

What is formula to calculate CBRA (expected amplitude in free pipe) for CBL ?

Answer 350

CBRA= 169.1 CSID^(-0.5393) mV

Question 351

What is test pressure for 10K, 15K, 20K WHE ?

Answer 351

10 000 x 1.5 = 15 000 psi

15 000 x 1.5 = 22500 psi

20 000 x 1.5 = 30 000 psi

Question 352

What is Test Pressure for 3K, 5K WHE ?

Answer 352

3000 x 1.5 = 6000 psi

5000 x 1.5 = 10 000 psi

Question 353

What are requirements for Standard service WHE ?

Answer 353

• Design temperature:-29degC to 121 degC (-20degF to 250 degF). API 6A temperature Class P+U.
• API 6A Product Specification Levels:PSL2 up to10,000psi PSL1 up to 5000psi.
• API 6A Fluid Class AA.

Question 354

What are requirements for H2S Service WHE ?

Answer 354

• NACE MR0 175,current edition.
• Design temperature: -29degC to 121 degC (–20deg F to 250 degF), API 6A temperature ClassP+U.
• API 6A Product Specification Levels:PSL2 for 5,000 psi WP,PSL3 for 10,000 psi WP and 15,000 psi WP.
• API 6A Fluid Class DD.

Question 355

What are requirements for Hostile Service type in WHE ?

Answer 355

• Hostile Service:(H2S Service+high temperature (>121degC, 250degF)/high pressure (>10,000psi))
• NACE MR0 175, current edition.
• Design temperature: -29degC to 180degC (-20degF to 350 degF), API 6A temperature Class P+X.
• API 6A Product Specification Levels:PSL2 for 5,000 psi WP, PSL3 for 10,000 and 15,000 psi WP,and PSL4 for 20,000 psi WP.
• API6AFluidClassDD.

Question 356

List 3 different pressure operations types depending on Pressure source

Answer 356

• Surface induced and wellsite controlled with WHP>1psi (e.g. a CBL under pressure). Wellsite control means that as a minimum possible action, the source of pressure can be isolated at any time from the wellhead by a qualified person present at all time.
• Reservoir induced with WHP=0 but contingency cases could lead to a WHP>1psi (overbalance perforating,openhole logging).
• Reservoir induced pressure with WHP>1psi (producing wells,steam, gas and water injector wells).

Question 357

What is MAOP ?

Answer 357

Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure:must be equal to the wellsite pressure test value.

Question 358

What is MEWHP ?

Answer 358

MEWHP=WHE Maximum Expected Wellhead Pressure:WHP (MEWHP) is the maximum pressure, flowing or shut-in,that
the wellhead will likely face during operations based either on downhole reservoir pressure or surface pumping capability. This
would bet he Maximum Wellhead Pressure that will likely be seen during normal operations

Question 359

What is the difference between MEWHP and MPWHP (Max possible WHP) ?

Answer 359

Fore example, In an overbalanced operation (DrillingRig, fluid in well as primary barrier) WHP (MEWHP) wouldbe 0,but MPWHP would theoretically be = Reservoir Pressure. The MPWHP would only be experienced at surface in the event of total failure of Primary barrier. In this scenario the final means of Well Control would be the client Secondary Barrier. If the client requests, SLB may run an intermediate means of control (PackOff,HGT,WL Valves).

Question 360

What is downgoing wave in VSP ?

Answer 360

Wave field, where arrival time increases with depth is called “downgoing wave”. The wave takes shortest path from source to receiver.

Question 361

What is upgoing wave in VSP ?

Answer 361

The wave is reflected and hence arrives earlier at deeper event than at shallower one. This is an “upgoing wave”

Question 362

What is the main purpose of VSP processing ?

Answer 362

One of the main purposes of VSP processing is to image reflectors. To do it upgoing waves must be separated from downgoing and after from noise, shear wave, multiples, etc..

Question 363

Which techniques are used to emphasize upgoing wave in VSP ?

Answer 363

1. Velocity filtering
2. Deconvolution
3. TVG (TAR)
4. Corridor Stack

Question 364

How Velocity filtering is working in VSP ?

Answer 364

Velocity filtering takes the input data and utilizes filtering to separate the down-going wave and up-going wave from extraneous data and noise. The separation is visualized as follows on below picture.

Question 365

What is the purpose of deconvolution in VSP processing ?

Answer 365

Deconvolution removes multiples from up-going wave, based on down-going wave’s shape.

Question 366

What is TVG in VSP processing ?

Answer 366

TVG is applied to recover up-going energy.

In order to compensate for seismic energy decay, largely due to spherical divergence, and simulate a plain wave in a perfectly elastic medium, a gain function TVG (TAR) is applied. The gain function is given below.
TVG = (T/T0)ß
T: Time of the sample
T0: TOFD
For most of the job the ß value should be 1.3 to 1.7.

Abbreviation:
TVG: Time Varying Gain
TAR: True Amplitude Recovery
TOFD: Time of First Data

Question 367

What is Corridor Stack in VSP processing ?

Answer 367

Corridor stack emphasizes the reflected waves and aligns them to proper two-way time so that the result can be compared to surface seismic data.

Question 368

Can you describe main steps in default process flow for VSP in WAVE ?

Answer 368

1. Load data from file
2. Check bandwidth for Down-going waveforms
3. Apply Band Pass filter for Down-going waveforms
4. Wavefield separation for Down-going and Up-going
5. Remove multiples
6. Check bandwidth for Up-going waveforms
7. Apply Band Pass Filter for Up-going waveforms
8. Recover attenuated energy for enhancing up-going waveforms
9. Up-going wavefield enhancement
10. Create corridor stack

Question 369

How many solenoids in XPT and their functions

Answer 369

1. • the SET line controlled by solenoid SOL3.
2. • the RETRACT line controlled by solenoid SOL2.
3. • the AUTO-RETRACT line controlled by solenoid SOL1.

Question 370

What is the role of buffer in XPT ?

Answer 370

The role of the Buffer is to prevent hole mud from going into the sensor cavity, thus disturbing the measure by blocking the sensor below. To this end its surface is machined to create a labyrinth in order to stop solid particles.

Question 371

What is the function of Equalizing Valve in XPT ?

Answer 371

The Equalizing Valve is a normally-open spring-loaded valve.
It equalizes the pressure between the flowline and the wellbore before retracting the probe from the formation.
If the Equalizing Valve is not opened before attempting to retract the probe, differential pressure between the Packer/Probe Assembly and the formation can cause the tool to stick in the wellbore.
Additionally, this valve allows the flowline to remain at hydrostatic pressure when tripping in and out of the well.

Question 372

Describe anchoring assembly of XPT

Answer 372

The Anchoring Assembly is a metallic block, called Anchoring Block, that holds:

• • Two Hydraulic Stabbers and a Flowline Stabber.
• • An Equalizing Valve (EQ).
• • The Probe/Packer Assembly and Setting Pistons.
• • The articulated Flowline Joint and Tee.
• • The Anchoring Pistons.
• • A buffer.
• • The Set and Retract Purge Screws.
• • The Flowline and Hydrostatic Purge Screws.

Question 373

Describe functions of MSV (Mini Sequence Valve) in XPT

Answer 373

The Mini-Sequence Valve is mounted in the Probe Block, and controls the movement of the Filter Valve Piston (FVP). It
acts as a hydraulic gate, activated at specific pressures, to regulate the set and retract cycles. The Mini-Sequence Valve allows forward flow through the valve when the pilot pressure exceeds the reference pressure. The reference pressure can be adjusted by turn the MSV cap, which compresses or lets expand 10 Belleville spring washers. The valve allows free flow in the reverse direction when the pilot pressure drops below to the reference pressure.

Question 374

What is Flowline Valve in MRPO and it’s function

Answer 374

The flowline valve is a “spool type” with a protector sleeve. The flowline valve is used in the MRPO to
connect the upper flowline to either the intake or output side of the displacement unit. One side of the displacement unit is always connected to the lower flowline. When the valve is set, the tool operates in the Pump-Up and Pump-Down modes.
When the valve is reset, the tool operates in the Pump-In and Pump-Out modes.

Question 375

Why we need termination for DTB telemetry ?

Answer 375

At the receiving end (Rx), the transmission line with the characteristic impedance Zo will meet the input impedance of the receiver (Z_l ). To minimize reflection at this end, Z_l needs to be as close as possible to Zo. When Z_l=Zo, the transmission is said to be properly terminated

Question 376

Describe FTB (Fast Tool Bus)

Answer 376

1. Telemetry cartridges: DTC/EDTC
2. Uses lines 5 and 6
3. The UH5-UH6 and LH5-LH6 are practically shorted when the IP is present, while UH5 and LH5 are open circuits.
4. When there is no IP in the asset (such as in the sonde or in a non FTB tool), FTB lines (#5 and #6) are simply a straight conductor).
5. The DTS will still work for all of the tools down to the one with the bad FTB wire. Tools below the one with the bad FTB wire cannot communicate with the telemetry cartridge. The DTS diagnostics indicates which tool is bad.

Question 377

Describe DTB (Downhole Tool Bus)

Answer 377

1. Telemetry cartridge : TCC
2. Uses lines 25, 27, 28
3. Needs termination resistor 52-56 Ohm
4. The DTB uses three coax conductors for the tool below the telemetry cartridge and four wires for the tool above the telemetry cartridge. If no DTB tool is present above the telemetry cartridge, install a jumper on DCHAINUP (#29) to UCLOCK (#28).
5. The DSIG and UDATAGO need to be continuous along the tools. If the bus in one tool is shorted, open or too long, all tools in the string will suffer.

Question 378

List weakpoints, from weakest to strongest

Answer 378

1. Gray
2. Red
3. Black
4. Yellow
5. Orange
6. Tan
7. Blue

Question 379

What is the rating of Gray WP ?

Answer 379

3000 - 3400 lbs

Question 380

What is the rating of Red WP ?

Answer 380

3500 - 4200 lbs

Question 381

What is the rating of Black WP ?

Answer 381

3900 - 4500 lbs

Question 382

What is the rating of Yellow WP ?

Answer 382

4800 - 5400 lbs

Question 383

What is the rating of Orange WP ?

Answer 383

5400 - 6000 lbs

Question 384

What is the rating of Tan WP ?

Answer 384

6000 - 6700 lbs

Question 385

What is the rating of Blue WP ?

Answer 385

6700 - 7300 lbs

Question 386

Пробное давление - это …. ?

Answer 386

давление пробное - давление, при котором производится испытание сосуда;

Величина пробного давления и время выдержки баллонов под пробным давлением устанавливаются изготовителем для стандартных баллонов по государственным стандартам, для нестандартных баллонов - по НД, при этом пробное давление равняется не менее чем полуторному рабочему давлению.

Question 387

Для сосудов работающих под давлением, что такое расчетное давление ?

Answer 387

давление расчетное - давление, на которое производится расчет на прочность;

расчетное давление меньше пробного

Question 388

Какие виды испытаний существуют для ГПМ (грузоподъемных машин) ?

Answer 388

1. Статическое - груз весом +25% от рабочего поднимается на 200-300мм на 10 минут
2. Динамическое - груз весом +10% от рабочего. Цель - проверить в действии все системы, включая тормоза и системы отключения

Question 389

Can you name ALL sub elements of Management System ?

Answer 389

1. 1.1 Commitment and Leadership
2. 1.2 Accountability
3. 2.1 Policies
4. 2.2 Objectives
5. 3.1 Organizational Responsibilities
6. 3.2 Organizational Structure
7. 3.3 Training and Competence
8. 3.4 Information Management
9. 3.5 Standards and Guidelines
10. 4.1 C&S Evaluation, Qualification and Selection
11. 4.2 C&S Management
12. 4.3 C&S Performance
13. 5.1 Hazard Analysis and Risk Control
14. 5.2 Prevention and Mitigation Measures
15. 5.3 Management of Change
16. 6.1 Assets, Products and Systems Integrity
17. 6.2 Processes
18. 6.3 Business Continuity
19. 7.1 Customer Satisfaction and Performance reviews
20. 7.2 Event Reporting and Management
21. 7.3 Compliance Monitoring
22. 7.4 Corrective Action and Continuous Improvement
23. 7.5 Recognition Programs
24. 7.6 Records
25. 8.1 MS Audits
26. 8.2 MS Reviews

Question 390

What is time frame and main periods of Paleozoic era ?

Answer 390

541 - 252.2 millions years ago

Question 391

When Mesozoic era took place and it’s main periods ?

Answer 391

252.2 - 66 millions years ago

Question 392

What is time frame for Triassic and it’s main epochs ?

Answer 392

The Triassic is a geologic period and system that extends from about 250 to 200 Ma (252.2 ± 0.5 to 201.3 ± 0.2 million years ago). It is the first period of the Mesozoic Era, and lies between the Permian and Jurassic periods

Question 393

When Jurassic period took place ?

Answer 393

The Jurassic is a geologic period and system that extends from 201.3± 0.6 Ma (million years ago) to 145± 4 Ma; that is, from the end of the Triassic to the beginning of the Cretaceous. The Jurassic constitutes the middle period of the Mesozoic Era, also known as the Age of Reptiles.

Question 394

What is Cenozoic Era ?

Answer 394

The Cenozoic Era; also Cænozoic, Caenozoic or Cainozoic; meaning “new life”, from Greek καινός kainos “new”, and ζωή zoe “life”) is the current and most recent of the three Phanerozoic geological eras, following the Mesozoic Era and covering the period from 65 millions years ago to the present.

Question 395

What is schematic of APS standalone toolstring ?

Answer 395

AH-191 - APS-C - AH-190

Question 396

What is SF6 ?

Answer 396

The pulsed neutron generator assembly (PNG-B) is filled with sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) at a pressure up to 100 psi at room temperature for insulation purposes. The gas is not toxic and is odorless and colorless. However, the gas is several
times heavier than air and tends to collect in low areas. The possibility is remote, but conceivable, that if a considerable amount of gas were released near a low area, it could be a suffocation hazard by displacing the breathable air.

Question 397

How minitron PNG (Pulse Neutron Generator ) works ?

Answer 397

The minitron works in the following way:

• • The filament absorbs deuterium when cold and releases it as gas when heated up.
• • Heating the filament establishes a certain gas pressure in the tube.
• • The deuterium gas is ionized to form positive deuterium ions (D2+) in the ion source.
• • The positive ions are extracted from the source by the extractor voltage and then accelerated to the target that is loaded with tritium (3H), which typically is at -100 kV.
• • The energetic deuterium interacts with the tritium and some particles go the fusion reaction as in equation:
• d + H = n + He + Energy

Question 398

How many detectors in APS ?

Answer 398

5 detectors:

The five detectors include four epithermal and one thermal 3He detector measure the neutrons after they have been scattered back to the tool. The only difference between thermal and epithermal detectors is that epithermal detectors are
shielded with cadmium to avoid the entrance of thermal neutrons. The four epithermal detectors are placed at three different spacings as shown in below picture

Question 399

What is the min pressure for SF6 in PNG and how to check it in Maxwell for APS ?

Answer 399

Monitor the SF6 gas pressure and temperature in the PNG-B (MPRS and MTMP channels). The minitron should not be on. If the pressure is below 60 psi at room temperature, add SF6 to increase the pressure to 90 psi.

Question 400

The ECS prompt capture measurement consists of several events including the following:

Answer 400

• Emission of fast neutrons from the AmBe neutron source
• Slow down of fast neutrons to thermal energies due to collisions with nuclei in the formation and borehole
• Capture of thermal neutrons by atoms in the formation and borehole and the subsequent emission of one or more prompt high-energy capture gamma rays
• Detection of the prompt capture gamma rays with the BGO detector system and associated electronics
• Processing of the gamma-ray spectra to produce relative elemental yields
• Transformation of relativee lemental yields into dry weight fraction concentration logs for the elements Si, Fe, Ca, S, Ti, and Gd
• Conversion of the concentration logs into lithological fractions of clay, carbonate, anhydrite,and QFM(quartz+feldspar+mica), called SpectroLith processing

Question 401

What kind of interactions are contributing to ECS measurement ?

Answer 401

The energy spectrum is a combination of neutron capture and inelastic interactions.

Question 402

Thermal Neutron Capture in ECS…..

Answer 402

The thermal capture reactions usually account for about 85% of the detected signal. The neutron capture signal is due to H, Cl, Si, Ca, Fe, S, Ti, Gd, Ba, Mg, and K. Hydrogen and chlorine exist in both the drilling mud and formation fluid,
while the rest are usually associated with matrix material. In oil-base muds, barite-weighted, or hematite - weighted mud, heavy or KCl muds there can be significant contributions to the borehole signal from Ca, Ba, Fe, S, and/or K.
Spectral standards for Ba, K,and inelastic carbon (IC) are included by default in the spectral stripping processing to account for the Ba, K,and C in the mud system. The elements Si, Ca, Fe, S, and Ti are the key elements used in the basic SpectroLith interpretation of the ECS spectral data. H and inelastic carbon (IC) are used in coal processing logic, and Mg can be used under certain conditions for dolomite processing logic.

Question 403

Inelastic Reaction in ECS measurement…….

Answer 403

The inelastic reactions account for about 15 % of the total signal and are primarily due to inelastic reactions with C, O, Si, Ca, and Fe atoms in the formation, borehole, and tool.The inelastic yields are no tused in the standard interpretation of the data.Inelastic carbon (IC) is used in the automated coal processing logic to define a variable hydrogen offset correction.

Question 404

What is SFT-651 ?

Answer 404

Slim Fishing Kit

Question 405

What Fishing Standard says about cycling ?

Answer 405

WL cables must not be cycled in an attempt to free a stuck toolstring. Cycling the wireline logging cable in an attempt to getfree has historically resulted in cable damage, lower weakpoint strength, unintentional pull offs and cable breakage. Other specific damage that may go unnoticed and lead to reduction in cable strength includes:

• loose/stranded armors
• bird cages
• kinks
• cable knots/looping
• conductor damage
• torque and load imbalances between armors

Question 406

What is SFT-178 ?

Answer 406

Big yellow tank filled with water for RST/APS calibration

Question 407

What is SFT-393 ?

Answer 407

SFT-393 is Heavy Duty Rig-up Equipment for 0.56 and 0.48 cable (T5011071)

Question 408

What is SFT-401 ?

Answer 408

SFT-401 is Heavy Duty Rig-up equipment for 0.52” cable (H360023)

Question 409

How to adjust DCBL parameters for MAST ?

Answer 409

There is no NMSG parameters in maxwell for MAST DCBL log, but you still can tune the detection gate using there parameters on the plot .You will find them under zoning parameters
These parameter labelled on the plot only for MUH and so you need to do the same for MLH

Question 410

Which parst EMS consist of (from top to bottom) ?

Answer 410

1. EMA-B— sensor adapter (consists of the mud-resistivity sensor electrodes and mud-temperature sensor device without any related electronics.
2. EMC-B — cartridge (contains all the electronics that provide sensor signal processing, as well as the tool control functions based on FTB telemetry communication)
3. EMM-B — mechanical sub (contains the hydraulic system that activates the caliper arms.

Question 411

List measurements provided by EMS

Answer 411

• mud resistivity
• mud temperature
• caliper (for borehole diameter)
• mono-axial acceleration (optional) for speed correction

Question 412

List principal components of Chemical Cutter (11 in total)

Answer 412

CABLEHEAD ASSEMBLY/SINKER BAR

1. CONDUCTIVE SLACK JOINT ASSEMBLY
2. ELECTRICAL CROSS OVER SUB.
3. FIRING SUB ADAPTER
4. GAS GENERATOR SUB
5. ANCHOR BODY ASSEMBLY
6. PRESSURE RELIEF SUB
7. CHEMICAL CYLINDER
8. CATALYST SUB
9. SEVERING HEAD
10. BULL PLUG
11. CENTRALIZER

Question 413

Which Chemical Cutters have integral severing head ?

Answer 413

11/16 Through 2 3/8 CUTTERS

Question 414

What is special note, when connecting Chemical Cylinder and Severing Head, in CHC ?

Answer 414

THERE WILL BE A SMALL GAP BETWEEN THE CYLINDER AND SEVERING HEAD. DO NOT ATTEMPT TO CLOSE IT, THE TEFLON WASHER MAY BE CRUSHED.

THE USE OF A TOOL STAND (Minimum 12” High) IS HIGHLY RECOMMENDED TO POSITION THE ELEVATED END OF CYLINDER ON.

Question 415

Name parts of 10K grease injections eqiupment, from top to bottom…. :

Answer 415

1. Line Wiper
2. HGT Stuffing Box
3. Flow tubes
4. Grease Injection - control modules
5. Ball Check Valve
6. Tool (Head) Catcher
7. Lubricators
8. Tool Trap
9. Quick Test Safety Sub
10. Pump-In Sub
11. Double/Tripple Ram WL Valve
12. Shear and Seal WL Valve
13. Crossover to Customer Equipment
14. Flexible Lines
15. Cable Cutter Sub
16. Variable Length Lubricators

Question 416

Name main parts of Production X-tree

Answer 416

Question 417

What is formula to calculate CBRA (expected amplitude in free pipe) for CBL ?

Answer 417

CBRA= 169.1 CSID^(-0.5393) mV

Question 418

What is test pressure for 10K, 15K, 20K WHE ?

Answer 418

10 000 x 1.5 = 15 000 psi

15 000 x 1.5 = 22500 psi

20 000 x 1.5 = 30 000 psi

Question 419

What is Test Pressure for 3K, 5K WHE ?

Answer 419

3000 x 1.5 = 6000 psi

5000 x 1.5 = 10 000 psi

Question 420

What are requirements for Standard service WHE ?

Answer 420

• Design temperature:-29degC to 121 degC (-20degF to 250 degF). API 6A temperature Class P+U.
• API 6A Product Specification Levels:PSL2 up to10,000psi PSL1 up to 5000psi.
• API 6A Fluid Class AA.

Question 421

What are requirements for H2S Service WHE ?

Answer 421

• NACE MR0 175,current edition.
• Design temperature: -29degC to 121 degC (–20deg F to 250 degF), API 6A temperature ClassP+U.
• API 6A Product Specification Levels:PSL2 for 5,000 psi WP,PSL3 for 10,000 psi WP and 15,000 psi WP.
• API 6A Fluid Class DD.

Question 422

What are requirements for Hostile Service type in WHE ?

Answer 422

• Hostile Service:(H2S Service+high temperature (>121degC, 250degF)/high pressure (>10,000psi))
• NACE MR0 175, current edition.
• Design temperature: -29degC to 180degC (-20degF to 350 degF), API 6A temperature Class P+X.
• API 6A Product Specification Levels:PSL2 for 5,000 psi WP, PSL3 for 10,000 and 15,000 psi WP,and PSL4 for 20,000 psi WP.
• API6AFluidClassDD.

Question 423

List 3 different pressure operations types depending on Pressure source

Answer 423

• Surface induced and wellsite controlled with WHP>1psi (e.g. a CBL under pressure). Wellsite control means that as a minimum possible action, the source of pressure can be isolated at any time from the wellhead by a qualified person present at all time.
• Reservoir induced with WHP=0 but contingency cases could lead to a WHP>1psi (overbalance perforating,openhole logging).
• Reservoir induced pressure with WHP>1psi (producing wells,steam, gas and water injector wells).

Question 424

What is MAOP ?

Answer 424

Maximum Allowable Operating Pressure:must be equal to the wellsite pressure test value.

Question 425

What is MEWHP ?

Answer 425

MEWHP=WHE Maximum Expected Wellhead Pressure:WHP (MEWHP) is the maximum pressure, flowing or shut-in,that
the wellhead will likely face during operations based either on downhole reservoir pressure or surface pumping capability. This
would bet he Maximum Wellhead Pressure that will likely be seen during normal operations

Question 426

What is the difference between MEWHP and MPWHP (Max possible WHP) ?

Answer 426

Fore example, In an overbalanced operation (DrillingRig, fluid in well as primary barrier) WHP (MEWHP) wouldbe 0,but MPWHP would theoretically be = Reservoir Pressure. The MPWHP would only be experienced at surface in the event of total failure of Primary barrier. In this scenario the final means of Well Control would be the client Secondary Barrier. If the client requests, SLB may run an intermediate means of control (PackOff,HGT,WL Valves).

Question 427

List main parts of airgun G-gun

Answer 427

Question 428

Describe main parts of Bolt Gun (on of airgun type)

Answer 428

Question 429

What is downgoing wave in VSP ?

Answer 429

Wave field, where arrival time increases with depth is called “downgoing wave”. The wave takes shortest path from source to receiver.

Question 430

What is upgoing wave in VSP ?

Answer 430

The wave is reflected and hence arrives earlier at deeper event than at shallower one. This is an “upgoing wave”

Question 431

What is the main purpose of VSP processing ?

Answer 431

One of the main purposes of VSP processing is to image reflectors. To do it upgoing waves must be separated from downgoing and after from noise, shear wave, multiples, etc..

Question 432

Which techniques are used to emphasize upgoing wave in VSP ?

Answer 432

1. Velocity filtering
2. Deconvolution
3. TVG (TAR)
4. Corridor Stack

Question 433

How Velocity filtering is working in VSP ?

Answer 433

Velocity filtering takes the input data and utilizes filtering to separate the down-going wave and up-going wave from extraneous data and noise. The separation is visualized as follows on below picture.

Question 434

What is the purpose of deconvolution in VSP processing ?

Answer 434

Deconvolution removes multiples from up-going wave, based on down-going wave’s shape.

Question 435

What is TVG in VSP processing ?

Answer 435

TVG is applied to recover up-going energy.

In order to compensate for seismic energy decay, largely due to spherical divergence, and simulate a plain wave in a perfectly elastic medium, a gain function TVG (TAR) is applied. The gain function is given below.
TVG = (T/T0)ß
T: Time of the sample
T0: TOFD
For most of the job the ß value should be 1.3 to 1.7.

Abbreviation:
TVG: Time Varying Gain
TAR: True Amplitude Recovery
TOFD: Time of First Data

Question 436

What is Corridor Stack in VSP processing ?

Answer 436

Corridor stack emphasizes the reflected waves and aligns them to proper two-way time so that the result can be compared to surface seismic data.

Question 437

Can you describe main steps in default process flow for VSP in WAVE ?

Answer 437

1. Load data from file
2. Check bandwidth for Down-going waveforms
3. Apply Band Pass filter for Down-going waveforms
4. Wavefield separation for Down-going and Up-going
5. Remove multiples
6. Check bandwidth for Up-going waveforms
7. Apply Band Pass Filter for Up-going waveforms
8. Recover attenuated energy for enhancing up-going waveforms
9. Up-going wavefield enhancement
10. Create corridor stack

Question 438

Name main parts of XPS-XPAMS block diagram

Answer 438

Question 439

How many solenoids in XPT and their functions

Answer 439

1. • the SET line controlled by solenoid SOL3.
2. • the RETRACT line controlled by solenoid SOL2.
3. • the AUTO-RETRACT line controlled by solenoid SOL1.

Question 440

What is the role of buffer in XPT ?

Answer 440

The role of the Buffer is to prevent hole mud from going into the sensor cavity, thus disturbing the measure by blocking the sensor below. To this end its surface is machined to create a labyrinth in order to stop solid particles.

Question 441

What is the function of Equalizing Valve in XPT ?

Answer 441

The Equalizing Valve is a normally-open spring-loaded valve.
It equalizes the pressure between the flowline and the wellbore before retracting the probe from the formation.
If the Equalizing Valve is not opened before attempting to retract the probe, differential pressure between the Packer/Probe Assembly and the formation can cause the tool to stick in the wellbore.
Additionally, this valve allows the flowline to remain at hydrostatic pressure when tripping in and out of the well.

Question 442

Describe anchoring assembly of XPT

Answer 442

The Anchoring Assembly is a metallic block, called Anchoring Block, that holds:

• • Two Hydraulic Stabbers and a Flowline Stabber.
• • An Equalizing Valve (EQ).
• • The Probe/Packer Assembly and Setting Pistons.
• • The articulated Flowline Joint and Tee.
• • The Anchoring Pistons.
• • A buffer.
• • The Set and Retract Purge Screws.
• • The Flowline and Hydrostatic Purge Screws.

Question 443

Describe functions of MSV (Mini Sequence Valve) in XPT

Answer 443

The Mini-Sequence Valve is mounted in the Probe Block, and controls the movement of the Filter Valve Piston (FVP). It
acts as a hydraulic gate, activated at specific pressures, to regulate the set and retract cycles. The Mini-Sequence Valve allows forward flow through the valve when the pilot pressure exceeds the reference pressure. The reference pressure can be adjusted by turn the MSV cap, which compresses or lets expand 10 Belleville spring washers. The valve allows free flow in the reverse direction when the pilot pressure drops below to the reference pressure.

Question 444

Describe probe/packer assembly in XPT

Answer 444

Question 445

What is Flowline Valve in MRPO and it’s function

Answer 445

The flowline valve is a “spool type” with a protector sleeve. The flowline valve is used in the MRPO to
connect the upper flowline to either the intake or output side of the displacement unit. One side of the displacement unit is always connected to the lower flowline. When the valve is set, the tool operates in the Pump-Up and Pump-Down modes.
When the valve is reset, the tool operates in the Pump-In and Pump-Out modes.

Question 446

Why we need termination for DTB telemetry ?

Answer 446

At the receiving end (Rx), the transmission line with the characteristic impedance Zo will meet the input impedance of the receiver (Z_l ). To minimize reflection at this end, Z_l needs to be as close as possible to Zo. When Z_l=Zo, the transmission is said to be properly terminated

Question 447

Describe FTB (Fast Tool Bus)

Answer 447

1. Telemetry cartridges: DTC/EDTC
2. Uses lines 5 and 6
3. The UH5-UH6 and LH5-LH6 are practically shorted when the IP is present, while UH5 and LH5 are open circuits.
4. When there is no IP in the asset (such as in the sonde or in a non FTB tool), FTB lines (#5 and #6) are simply a straight conductor).
5. The DTS will still work for all of the tools down to the one with the bad FTB wire. Tools below the one with the bad FTB wire cannot communicate with the telemetry cartridge. The DTS diagnostics indicates which tool is bad.

Question 448

Describe DTB (Downhole Tool Bus)

Answer 448

1. Telemetry cartridge : TCC
2. Uses lines 25, 27, 28
3. Needs termination resistor 52-56 Ohm
4. The DTB uses three coax conductors for the tool below the telemetry cartridge and four wires for the tool above the telemetry cartridge. If no DTB tool is present above the telemetry cartridge, install a jumper on DCHAINUP (#29) to UCLOCK (#28).
5. The DSIG and UDATAGO need to be continuous along the tools. If the bus in one tool is shorted, open or too long, all tools in the string will suffer.

Question 449

List weakpoints, from weakest to strongest

Answer 449

1. Gray
2. Red
3. Black
4. Yellow
5. Orange
6. Tan
7. Blue

Question 450

What is the rating of Gray WP ?

Answer 450

3000 - 3400 lbs

Question 451

What is the rating of Red WP ?

Answer 451

3500 - 4200 lbs

Question 452

What is the rating of Black WP ?

Answer 452

3900 - 4500 lbs

Question 453

What is the rating of Yellow WP ?

Answer 453

4800 - 5400 lbs

Question 454

What is the rating of Orange WP ?

Answer 454

5400 - 6000 lbs

Question 455

What is the rating of Tan WP ?

Answer 455

6000 - 6700 lbs

Question 456

What is the rating of Blue WP ?

Answer 456

6700 - 7300 lbs

Question 457

Пробное давление - это …. ?

Answer 457

давление пробное - давление, при котором производится испытание сосуда;

Величина пробного давления и время выдержки баллонов под пробным давлением устанавливаются изготовителем для стандартных баллонов по государственным стандартам, для нестандартных баллонов - по НД, при этом пробное давление равняется не менее чем полуторному рабочему давлению.

Question 458

Для сосудов работающих под давлением, что такое расчетное давление ?

Answer 458

давление расчетное - давление, на которое производится расчет на прочность;

расчетное давление меньше пробного

Question 459

Какие виды испытаний существуют для ГПМ (грузоподъемных машин) ?

Answer 459

1. Статическое - груз весом +25% от рабочего поднимается на 200-300мм на 10 минут
2. Динамическое - груз весом +10% от рабочего. Цель - проверить в действии все системы, включая тормоза и системы отключения

Question 460

Can you name ALL sub elements of Management System ?

Answer 460

1. 1.1 Commitment and Leadership
2. 1.2 Accountability
3. 2.1 Policies
4. 2.2 Objectives
5. 3.1 Organizational Responsibilities
6. 3.2 Organizational Structure
7. 3.3 Training and Competence
8. 3.4 Information Management
9. 3.5 Standards and Guidelines
10. 4.1 C&S Evaluation, Qualification and Selection
11. 4.2 C&S Management
12. 4.3 C&S Performance
13. 5.1 Hazard Analysis and Risk Control
14. 5.2 Prevention and Mitigation Measures
15. 5.3 Management of Change
16. 6.1 Assets, Products and Systems Integrity
17. 6.2 Processes
18. 6.3 Business Continuity
19. 7.1 Customer Satisfaction and Performance reviews
20. 7.2 Event Reporting and Management
21. 7.3 Compliance Monitoring
22. 7.4 Corrective Action and Continuous Improvement
23. 7.5 Recognition Programs
24. 7.6 Records
25. 8.1 MS Audits
26. 8.2 MS Reviews

Question 461

What is time frame and main periods of Paleozoic era ?

Answer 461

541 - 252.2 millions years ago

Question 462

When Mesozoic era took place and it’s main periods ?

Answer 462

252.2 - 66 millions years ago

Question 463

What is time frame for Triassic and it’s main epochs ?

Answer 463

The Triassic is a geologic period and system that extends from about 250 to 200 Ma (252.2 ± 0.5 to 201.3 ± 0.2 million years ago). It is the first period of the Mesozoic Era, and lies between the Permian and Jurassic periods

Question 464

When Jurassic period took place ?

Answer 464

The Jurassic is a geologic period and system that extends from 201.3± 0.6 Ma (million years ago) to 145± 4 Ma; that is, from the end of the Triassic to the beginning of the Cretaceous. The Jurassic constitutes the middle period of the Mesozoic Era, also known as the Age of Reptiles.

Question 465

What is Cenozoic Era ?

Answer 465

The Cenozoic Era; also Cænozoic, Caenozoic or Cainozoic; meaning “new life”, from Greek καινός kainos “new”, and ζωή zoe “life”) is the current and most recent of the three Phanerozoic geological eras, following the Mesozoic Era and covering the period from 65 millions years ago to the present.

Question 466

What is the life stages of neutron ?

Answer 466

Question 467

What is the difference in porosity measurements of HGNS and APS ?

Answer 467

It is known that thermal neutron porosity measurements are affected by the presence of strong neutron absorbers such as chlorine, boron, and cadmium. Neutron absorption will reduce the number of thermal neutrons reaching the detectors and give false high thermal neutron porosity measurements. Since conventional neutron tools such as the CNT and the HNGS rely on thermal neutron detection, the results from these tools must be corrected for the presence of neutron absorbers in a formation. Although these effects are well characterized, corrections are difficult to implement since thermal neutron capture cross section is not measured with the conventional tools. This problem is eliminated through the use of epithermal neutron detection in the APS. The increased population of high energy neutrons created by using a minitron source makes epithermal neutron detection possible in the APS

Question 468

What is schematic of APS standalone toolstring ?

Answer 468

AH-191 - APS-C - AH-190

Question 469

What is SF6 ?

Answer 469

The pulsed neutron generator assembly (PNG-B) is filled with sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) at a pressure up to 100 psi at room temperature for insulation purposes. The gas is not toxic and is odorless and colorless. However, the gas is several
times heavier than air and tends to collect in low areas. The possibility is remote, but conceivable, that if a considerable amount of gas were released near a low area, it could be a suffocation hazard by displacing the breathable air.

Question 470

How minitron PNG (Pulse Neutron Generator ) works ?

Answer 470

The minitron works in the following way:

• • The filament absorbs deuterium when cold and releases it as gas when heated up.
• • Heating the filament establishes a certain gas pressure in the tube.
• • The deuterium gas is ionized to form positive deuterium ions (D2+) in the ion source.
• • The positive ions are extracted from the source by the extractor voltage and then accelerated to the target that is loaded with tritium (3H), which typically is at -100 kV.
• • The energetic deuterium interacts with the tritium and some particles go the fusion reaction as in equation:
• d + H = n + He + Energy

Question 471

How many detectors in APS ?

Answer 471

5 detectors:

The five detectors include four epithermal and one thermal 3He detector measure the neutrons after they have been scattered back to the tool. The only difference between thermal and epithermal detectors is that epithermal detectors are
shielded with cadmium to avoid the entrance of thermal neutrons. The four epithermal detectors are placed at three different spacings as shown in below picture

Question 472

What is the min pressure for SF6 in PNG and how to check it in Maxwell for APS ?

Answer 472

Monitor the SF6 gas pressure and temperature in the PNG-B (MPRS and MTMP channels). The minitron should not be on. If the pressure is below 60 psi at room temperature, add SF6 to increase the pressure to 90 psi.

Question 473

The ECS prompt capture measurement consists of several events including the following:

Answer 473

• Emission of fast neutrons from the AmBe neutron source
• Slow down of fast neutrons to thermal energies due to collisions with nuclei in the formation and borehole
• Capture of thermal neutrons by atoms in the formation and borehole and the subsequent emission of one or more prompt high-energy capture gamma rays
• Detection of the prompt capture gamma rays with the BGO detector system and associated electronics
• Processing of the gamma-ray spectra to produce relative elemental yields
• Transformation of relativee lemental yields into dry weight fraction concentration logs for the elements Si, Fe, Ca, S, Ti, and Gd
• Conversion of the concentration logs into lithological fractions of clay, carbonate, anhydrite,and QFM(quartz+feldspar+mica), called SpectroLith processing

Question 474

What kind of interactions are contributing to ECS measurement ?

Answer 474

The energy spectrum is a combination of neutron capture and inelastic interactions.

Question 475

Schematically explain theory of ECS measurement

Answer 475

Question 476

Thermal Neutron Capture in ECS…..

Answer 476

The thermal capture reactions usually account for about 85% of the detected signal. The neutron capture signal is due to H, Cl, Si, Ca, Fe, S, Ti, Gd, Ba, Mg, and K. Hydrogen and chlorine exist in both the drilling mud and formation fluid,
while the rest are usually associated with matrix material. In oil-base muds, barite-weighted, or hematite - weighted mud, heavy or KCl muds there can be significant contributions to the borehole signal from Ca, Ba, Fe, S, and/or K.
Spectral standards for Ba, K,and inelastic carbon (IC) are included by default in the spectral stripping processing to account for the Ba, K,and C in the mud system. The elements Si, Ca, Fe, S, and Ti are the key elements used in the basic SpectroLith interpretation of the ECS spectral data. H and inelastic carbon (IC) are used in coal processing logic, and Mg can be used under certain conditions for dolomite processing logic.

Question 477

Inelastic Reaction in ECS measurement…….

Answer 477

The inelastic reactions account for about 15 % of the total signal and are primarily due to inelastic reactions with C, O, Si, Ca, and Fe atoms in the formation, borehole, and tool.The inelastic yields are no tused in the standard interpretation of the data.Inelastic carbon (IC) is used in the automated coal processing logic to define a variable hydrogen offset correction.

Question 478

What is SFT-651 ?

Answer 478

Slim Fishing Kit

Question 479

What Fishing Standard says about cycling ?

Answer 479

WL cables must not be cycled in an attempt to free a stuck toolstring. Cycling the wireline logging cable in an attempt to getfree has historically resulted in cable damage, lower weakpoint strength, unintentional pull offs and cable breakage. Other specific damage that may go unnoticed and lead to reduction in cable strength includes:

• loose/stranded armors
• bird cages
• kinks
• cable knots/looping
• conductor damage
• torque and load imbalances between armors

Question 480

What is SFT-178 ?

Answer 480

Big yellow tank filled with water for RST/APS calibration

Question 481

What is SFT-393 ?

Answer 481

SFT-393 is Heavy Duty Rig-up Equipment for 0.56 and 0.48 cable (T5011071)

Question 482

What is SFT-401 ?

Answer 482

SFT-401 is Heavy Duty Rig-up equipment for 0.52” cable (H360023)

Question 483

What kind of CMTD must be used for High Tension Logging ?

Answer 483

The high tension CMTD (T5017801) with 20,000 lbs strain axle assembly (T5017803) or sheave-mounted tension device, TD-L, must be used for high tension operations

Question 484

How to check if ADV on MRPA is closed in OP ?

Answer 484

Question 485

How to check if ADV on MRPA is closed in Maxwell ?

Answer 485

Set auto deflate in the well:

• 1. Take the tool down to about 1000 ft for enough well pressure to operate the MRPO.
• 2. Close inflate and interval valves. Pressurize the flow line on the Saturn 3-D Radial probe by closing all exit ports and pump with the MRPO. Stop pumping when ADV shows closed in the I/O monitor as shown below:

Question 486

Give description of general layout of HRGD

Answer 486

Question 487

What is Blue Print ?

Answer 487

The principal element of The Blue Print, known as Our Mindset, comprises four types of behavior—Commitment, Integrity, Teamwork and Drive

Question 488

What measurements are provided by MCFL

Answer 488

1. Rxo - Invaded zone resistivity
2. Rmc - Mudcake resistivity
3. hmc - Mudcake thickness

Question 489

Can you explain layout of electrodes on MCFL pad ?

Answer 489

• MCFL Electrodes:A1(x2), M(x2), A0, B0,B1,B2, N
• B - Measurement Electrode
• M - Monitor Electrode
• N - Auxiliary Voltage Electrode
• A0 and A1 - Guard Electrodes

Question 490

Please descripe main steps in MCFL measurements

Answer 490

Question 491

What are operational limits for MCFL ?

Answer 491

Question 492

What is effect of mudcake thickness on MCFL measurements ?

Answer 492

Question 493

What is layout of density detectors on MCFL ?

Answer 493

Question 494

What is MCFL repeatability ?

Answer 494

• Range Repeatability

0.2 ohm-m - 2 ohm-m ±20 %
2 ohm-m - 200 ohm-m ±5 %
200 ohm-m - 2,000 ohm-m ±20 %

Question 495

In MCFL, what triggers Processing Flag to be black ?

Answer 495

• RB0 / Rm2 > 80,000 (hardware saturation)
• hmc >= 0.8
• HDRX >= 3 (HDRX = Rxo/RB0 :correction too large to be accurate)
• RB0 / Rmc

Question 496

What are main Hardware LQC curves for MCFL ?

Answer 496

• Monitoring Voltage (MVRA) - ratio of Monitoring voltage over A0 voltage ; should be small (< 0.001)
• Contrast Indicator (RXIGIO) - ratio of A0 current over B0. Contrast range specified is 3 < Rxo/Rmc< 10,000.
• Contrast/Rm Indicator (CTRM) - For detection of coupling error (from large bucking currents that leak into borehole) , when: 10,000< Rxo/Rmc2< 80,000.
• Raw Resistivities - Must overlay in impermeable zones and for Rxo>Rmc: RXR>=RVDR>=RVSR
• Bucking Signals - For normal operations, looks for RXVB>RXV, and RXIB/RXIG should be always constant.
• Bo Current Overload - There should be no saturation except when there is rapid transition of Rt
• Shuttle Link Error - When this occurs, all hardware failure is likely (bit 5 of RWS1 - specific status word)

Question 497

In MCFL, what triggers Hardware LQC to be black ?

Answer 497

• BO Current Overload (bit 6 of RWS1-MCFL - high)-
• Shuttle Link Error (bit 5 of RWS1 - high)-
• Monitoring Voltage Ratio Error (> 0.005)-
• Contrast/Rm indicator too large(CTRM > 10,000)

Question 498

What are main parameters for MCFL ?

Answer 498

1. MPOF: MCFL Processing Mode
   - Process the Raw resistivities

RawB0 - Don’t process because the engineer wishes only to present the Raw BO resistivity (used when logging down).

1. GRSE: Generalized Mud Resistivity Selection

Rm and Rmc values used in MCFL processing.Wrong values will lead to errors in MCFL processing

1. MHCC: MCFL High Contrast Correction Option

Leave as unless local knowledge dictates otherwise (ie. High Rxo and low Rm)

Question 499

Describe general amplification loop in USIT-D

Answer 499

Question 500

Describe USIT measurement flowchart

Answer 500

The acoustic impedance of the cement is measured using a 3-step procedure.
• Measure the acoustic properties (velocity and impedance) of the drilling fluid. Accurate knowledge of the fluid properties inside the casing is essential to calculate the cement impedance outside. This measurement is made while running in before logging.
• Determine the cement impedance that best fits each measured casing echo, by theoretical modeling using the simple plane-wave model. The signal-processing method is called T3.
• Apply pre-calculated corrections for the non-planar geometry of the casing and transducer.

Question 501

Describe log sequence on MSCT

Answer 501

1. Initial state, hydraulic motor on, both hydraulic and kinematics pressure is about 4000 psi
2. OPEN command given, Solenoid 1 goes on and pressure drops
3. Caliper opening
4. Pusher starts moving up
5. Pusher all the way up. Limit switch is On and pressures back to about 4000 psi
6. Coring motor turned on, coring pressure up to about 400 psi, current about 3 amps
7. BEGIN CORING command given, solenoid 2 activates and marker dropped, coring motor extends and starts pushing against formation
8. Normal pressure and voltages while coring
9. Coring motor stopped when kinematics piston reaches 1.9+ inches
10. Breaking the core and cycle bit
11. Kinematics position must reach 2.15” (same as surface)
12. RETRACT command given, solenoid 2 goes off and motor retracts
13. Coring motor fully retracted, kinematics piston position is 0 and pressure back to 4000 psi
14. Close command given, solenoid 1 goes off, pressure drops
15. Caliper Closing
16. Pusher starts to move down
17. Pushing core out of bit
18. Caliper closed, pusher down, pressure back to 4000 psi

Question 502

How good coring log should look like for MSCT ?

Answer 502

Question 503

On MSCT, how and when clean debris command can be used ?

Answer 503

Coring advancement decreasing due to debris collecting around and on the bit. Use clean debris from bit to help continued coring.

Question 504

Which technique can be used to make sure core is broken ?

Answer 504

Clean Debris, Starting Motor

In this example, FE is using Cycle Bit and starting the coring motor again in order to make sure the kinematics piston position reaches the same value as on surface and core is broken off

Question 505

In MSCT, core is not taken due to early stop

Answer 505

The coring is stopped at about 1.8”, the kinematics position does not reach 2.14” to break the core. It stops at 2.0” and this is not enough to ensure the breaking movement has been completed

Question 506

with MSCT, how crushed by pusher core looks on log ?

Answer 506

Question 507

Give description of general layout of HRGD

Question 508

What kind of CMTD must be used for High Tension Logging ?

Answer 508

The high tension CMTD (T5017801) with 20,000 lbs strain axle assembly (T5017803) or sheave-mounted tension device, TD-L, must be used for high tension operations

Question 509

How to check if ADV on MRPA is closed in Maxwell ?

Answer 509

Set auto deflate in the well:

• 1. Take the tool down to about 1000 ft for enough well pressure to operate the MRPO.
• 2. Close inflate and interval valves. Pressurize the flow line on the Saturn 3-D Radial probe by closing all exit ports and pump with the MRPO. Stop pumping when ADV shows closed in the I/O monitor as shown below:

Question 510

List principal components of Chemical Cutter (11 in total)

Answer 510

CABLEHEAD ASSEMBLY/SINKER BAR

1. CONDUCTIVE SLACK JOINT ASSEMBLY
2. ELECTRICAL CROSS OVER SUB.
3. FIRING SUB ADAPTER
4. GAS GENERATOR SUB
5. ANCHOR BODY ASSEMBLY
6. PRESSURE RELIEF SUB
7. CHEMICAL CYLINDER
8. CATALYST SUB
9. SEVERING HEAD
10. BULL PLUG
11. CENTRALIZER

Question 511

In MCFL, what triggers Hardware LQC to be black ?

Answer 511

• BO Current Overload (bit 6 of RWS1-MCFL - high)-
• Shuttle Link Error (bit 5 of RWS1 - high)-
• Monitoring Voltage Ratio Error (> 0.005)-
• Contrast/Rm indicator too large(CTRM > 10,000)

Question 512

What are main parameters for MCFL ?

Answer 512

1. MPOF: MCFL Processing Mode
   - Process the Raw resistivities

RawB0 - Don’t process because the engineer wishes only to present the Raw BO resistivity (used when logging down).

1. GRSE: Generalized Mud Resistivity Selection

Rm and Rmc values used in MCFL processing.Wrong values will lead to errors in MCFL processing

1. MHCC: MCFL High Contrast Correction Option

Leave as unless local knowledge dictates otherwise (ie. High Rxo and low Rm)

Question 513

What measurements are provided by MCFL

Answer 513

1. Rxo - Invaded zone resistivity
2. Rmc - Mudcake resistivity
3. hmc - Mudcake thickness

Question 514

Please descripe main steps in MCFL measurements

Question 515

In MCFL, what triggers Processing Flag to be black ?

Answer 515

• RB0 / Rm2 > 80,000 (hardware saturation)
• hmc >= 0.8
• HDRX >= 3 (HDRX = Rxo/RB0 :correction too large to be accurate)
• RB0 / Rmc

Question 516

What is MCFL repeatability ?

Answer 516

• Range Repeatability

0.2 ohm-m - 2 ohm-m ±20 %
2 ohm-m - 200 ohm-m ±5 %
200 ohm-m - 2,000 ohm-m ±20 %

Question 517

In MAST, what does FDET_STRT stands for ?

Answer 517

Fixed Detection Gate Start

Question 518

What is mineralogy of Carbonate Rocks ?

Answer 518

The mineralogy of carbonate rocks is relatively simple, with calcite (CaCO3), dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2), and evaporite minerals such as anhydrite (CaSO4) and gypsum (CaSO4-2H2O)

Question 519

What does ELAN stands for ?

Answer 519

Elemental Log ANalysis

Question 520

Describe USIT measurement flowchart

Answer 520

The acoustic impedance of the cement is measured using a 3-step procedure.
• Measure the acoustic properties (velocity and impedance) of the drilling fluid. Accurate knowledge of the fluid properties inside the casing is essential to calculate the cement impedance outside. This measurement is made while running in before logging.
• Determine the cement impedance that best fits each measured casing echo, by theoretical modeling using the simple plane-wave model. The signal-processing method is called T3.
• Apply pre-calculated corrections for the non-planar geometry of the casing and transducer.

Question 521

In MAST, what does FADA stands for ?

Answer 521

First Arrival Detection Algorithm

Question 522

What are main Hardware LQC curves for MCFL ?

Answer 522

• Monitoring Voltage (MVRA) - ratio of Monitoring voltage over A0 voltage ; should be small (< 0.001)
• Contrast Indicator (RXIGIO) - ratio of A0 current over B0. Contrast range specified is 3 < Rxo/Rmc< 10,000.
• Contrast/Rm Indicator (CTRM) - For detection of coupling error (from large bucking currents that leak into borehole) , when: 10,000< Rxo/Rmc2< 80,000.
• Raw Resistivities - Must overlay in impermeable zones and for Rxo>Rmc: RXR>=RVDR>=RVSR
• Bucking Signals - For normal operations, looks for RXVB>RXV, and RXIB/RXIG should be always constant.
• Bo Current Overload - There should be no saturation except when there is rapid transition of Rt
• Shuttle Link Error - When this occurs, all hardware failure is likely (bit 5 of RWS1 - specific status word)