tonsils,oesophagus and pharnx

Question 1

what is tonsil?

Answer 1

–lymphoid tissues of the pharynx are called tonsils

–The tonsils are part of the body’s immune system. Because of their location at the throat and palate, they can stop germs from entering the body through the mouth or the nose. The tonsils also contain a lot of white blood cells, which are responsible for killing germs.

Question 2

what is Waldeyer’s ring?

Answer 2

it the ring-like arrangement of tonsils, which includes:
1)lingual tonsile
2)palatine tonsil
3)tubal tonsil
40pharangeal tonsil

Question 3

what is tonsillitis.?

Answer 3

• Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils

- Tonsillitis is usually caused by a viral infection but can be from a bacterial infection.

Question 4

what is the pharynx?

Answer 4

The oral cavity leads into a short pharynx which serves as a common passage for food and air.

Question 5

what art the parts of the pharynx?

Answer 5

1nasopharynx(nose+parynx): only air

2) oropharynx(mouth+pharynx):food and
3) laryngopharynx: -also referred to as the hypopharynx
- pharynx connected with larynx
- only air

Question 6

what is epiglottis?

Answer 6

A cartilaginous flap (called epiglottis) prevents the entry of food into the glottis – opening of the windpipe – during swallowing.

Question 7

what is hiatus?

Answer 7

The hiatus is the opening in the diaphragm through which the oesophagus passes from the thoracic to the abdominal cavity.

Question 8

what is a gullet?

Answer 8

food pipe

Question 9

what is glottis?

Answer 9

windpipe/trachea

Question 10

what is a sphincter?

Answer 10

single muscular flap to prevent the backflow. of substances.
eg;
-upper oesophageal sphincter:
the barrier between the oesophagus and the pharynx

-gastro-oesophageal sphincter /cardiac sphincter:
between the oesophagus and the stomach.

Question 11

how si the oesophagus characterized?

Answer 11

-absence of visceral peritoneum
the outermost(non -ceolomic0 layer is called tunica adventitia
-absence of digestive glands. has mucus-secreting goblet cells
-presence of mucous membrane formed by non-keratized squamous epithelium some of which are ciliated
-absence of absorption
-presence of voluntary(anterior 1/3rd) and involuntary muscle fibre(posterior 2/3rd)

Question 12

oesophagus length?

Answer 12

between the oesophagus and the stomach.