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anatomy > tongue, oesophagus, pharynx > Flashcards

tongue, oesophagus, pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

what are genial tubercles

A

bony growths that provide rigid attachment sites for muscles

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2
Q

What are the mylohyoid and geniohyoid

A

-muscles of floor of the mouth
-action that prevents us from chocking, by elevating the hyoid and pulls larynx out of way during chewing and swallowing

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3
Q

mylohoid origin

A

medial body of mandible

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4
Q

mylohoid insertion

A

hyoid bone

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5
Q

mylohoid innervation

A

CN3 - nerve to mylohoid

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6
Q

geniohyoid origin

A

anterior body of mandible

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7
Q

geniohyoid insertion

A

hyoid bone

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8
Q

geniohyoid innervation

A

nerve to geniohyoid- spinal nerve- C1-2

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9
Q

Extrinsic meaning

A

-muscles that start on outside of tongue and attach into the tongue

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10
Q

what are extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

genioglossus, hypoglossus, styloglossus, palatoglossus

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11
Q

genioglossus shape

A

fan (left bulk of tongue)

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12
Q

genioglossus origin

A

mental spine of mandible and hyoid bone

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13
Q

genioglossus insertion

A

dorsal of tongue

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14
Q

all extrinsic muscle innervation

A

cranial nerve 12 (hypoglossal)
except palatoglossus - cranial nerve 10/vagus nerve

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15
Q

hypoglossus shape

A

thin quadrilateral (right side)

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16
Q

hypoglossus origin

A

hyoid bone

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17
Q

hypoglossus insertion

A

inferior aspect of lateral tongue

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18
Q

styloglossus shape

A

short triangle-hang above

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19
Q

styloglossus origin

A

styloid process

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20
Q

styloglossus insertion

A

side of posterior tongue, merges with hypoglossus

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21
Q

palatoglossus shape

A

narrow crescent - highest

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22
Q

palatoglossus origin

A

palatine aponeurosis of soft palate

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23
Q

palatoglossus insertion

A

posterolateral tongue, merges with intrinsic muscles

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24
Q

what are intrinsic muscles of tongue

A

superior longitudinal, inferior longitudinal, transverse, vertical

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25
Lingual septum=
band of connective tissue, along middle of tongue
26
superior longitudinal origin
median fibrous septum
27
superior longitudinal insertion
margins of tongue
28
innervation of all intrinsic muscles
CN XII
29
inferior longitudinal origin
root of tongue and hyoid bone
30
inferior longitudinal insertion
apex of tongue
31
transverse origin
median fibrous septum
32
transverse insertion
lateral tongue
33
vertical origin
dorsum of tongue
34
vertical insertion
inferior border of tongue
35
Transverse fibres run..
Horizontally
36
Vertical fibres run..
Vertically
37
genioglossus role
depression, protrusion (sticking out) and refraction, sideways movement
38
hypoglossus role
depression, retraction
39
styloglossus role
retraction, curls sides
40
palatoglossus role
elevates posterior tongue, depresses soft palate
41
superior longitudinal role
elevates apex and sides, retraction, curls tongue upwards
42
inferior longitudinal muscle role
depresses apex, curls tongue downwards, refraction
43
transverse role
narrows, protrudes
44
vertical role
flattens, broadens
45
Where does hypoglossal nerve come from?
Comes directly from brain rather than spinal nerves
46
What does hypoglossal nerve innervate?
-all intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles expect palatoglossus (CNX)
47
Diff between sensory innervation of tongue
-in anterior, taste is from facial part and general sensations is from lingual part (branch of V3=trigeminal nerve) -in posterior, taste and sensation both from glossopharyngeal nerve
48
What is pharynx
Connects oral, nasal cavity and oesophagus
49
Nasopharynx=
just portion behind nasal cavity
50
Oropharynx=
portion of pharynx behind oral cavity
51
Laryngopharynx=
behind the larynx
52
What muscles are found in the pharynx?
-3 outer circular muscles (constrictors), help compress and squeeze things down -3 inner longitudinal muscles on each side
53
How are the pharyngeal muscles innervated
-all but one muscle supplied by branches of vagus nerve (cranial nerve X-parasympathetic)
54
what are 3 outer circular muscles called
-superior pharyngeal constrictor -middle pharyngeal constrictor -inferior pharyngeal constrictor
55
superior pharyngeal constrictor insertion
occipital bone
56
superior pharyngeal constrictor origin
pterygomandibular raphe
57
middle pharyngeal constrictor origin
stylohyoid ligament, hyoid
58
middle pharyngeal constrictor insertion
pharyngeal raphe
59
inferior pharyngeal constrictor origin
thyroid and cricoid cartilage
60
inferior pharyngeal constrictor insertion
pharyngeal raphe superiorly
61
what are the 3 inner longitudinal muscles
palatopharyngeus, salphingopharyngeus, stylopharyngeus
62
palatopharyngeus origin
hard palate
63
palatopharyngeus insertion
thyroid cartilage, side of pharynx, oesophagus
64
salphingopharyngeus origin
pharyngotympanic tube
65
salphingopharyngeus insertion
merges with palatopharyngeus
66
stylopharyngeus origin
styloid process
67
stylopharyngeus insertion
thryroid cartilage
68
palatopharyngeus, salphingopharyngeus, stylopharyngeus innervation
all innervated by CNX except stylopharyngeus by CNIX (glossopharyngeal)
69
what is oesophagus
Travels from pharynx to stomach
70
Muscles in oesophagus
Constrictors (circular) of oesophagus on inside (vs outside for pharynx), longitudinal muscles on outside
71
What is Zenker's diverticulum
-Anatomical weak area, bulge out and from space behind pharynx (small triangle section 1/3 down) -Here, can collect food and bacteria
72
Oesophagus parts
-cervical part, thoracic part, abdominal part
73
oesophagus route
-Oesophagus travelling down pharynx, travelling down posterior mediastinum, behind the trachea, then centralised, then get a turning as pierces the diaphragm where enters the stomach
74
What is the stomach
-upper abdominal cavity passing from left to right -Food passes from oesophagus into stomach into duodenum (first part of intestine) -liver is above the stomach
75
drainage of stomach
-drains into small intestine in upper right of abdominal cavity, inferior to liver
76
Venous drainage of the stomach and intestine
-large blood supply to GI tract -most blood draining from stomach and intestine passes to heart via the liver. Venous blood needs to go back to liver so liver can process all the good products and filter bad -on diag, hepatic portal vein is draining the stomach livers etc (look on diag small branches) -some blood from inferior part of oesophagus drains via liver, some goes directly to heart
77
Liver damage
-e.g. due to scarring caused by alcoholism-can increase blood pressure trying to pass through -causes blood to find alternative routes e.g. via oesophageal veins that bypass liver
78
What is oesophageal varices
-Varices are expanded blood vessels in the esophagus, the tube that connects the mouth and stomach. -increased blood flow causes these to become dilated -varices can rupture, causing haemorrhage into oesophagus=haematemesis

anatomy (1 decks)

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