Tongue, Mouth and Gum Conditions

Question 1

What is glossitis

Answer 1

inflamed tounge

Question 2

How could a tongue with glossitis be described

Answer 2

smooth
beefy

Question 3

causes of glossitis (6)

Answer 3

IDA
B12 deficiency
folate deficiency
coeliac disease
injury
irritant exposure

Question 4

Causes of tongue swelling / angioedema (3)

Answer 4

allergy
ACE inhibitors
hereditary angioedema

Question 5

Risk factors for oral candidiasis (5)

Answer 5

inhaled corticosteroids
antibiotics
diabetes
immunodeficiency
smoking

Question 6

Treatment options for oral candidiasis (3)

Answer 6

miconazole gel
nystatin
fluconazole tablets (severe or recurrent)

Question 7

Define geographic tongue

Answer 7

inflammatory condition
patches lose the epithelium and papillae
irregular shapes on the tongue resembling a map

Question 8

Conditions associated with geographic tongue (4)

Answer 8

Stress
psoriasis
atopy
diabetes

Question 9

What is a strawberry tongue appearance

Answer 9

tongue swollen and red
enlarged white papillae

Question 10

two key causes of strawberry tongue

Answer 10

scarlet fever
kawasaki disease

Question 11

What causes a black hairy tongue

Answer 11

decreased shedding of keratin
papillae elongation
bacteria cause pigmentation

Question 12

causes of black hairy tongue

Answer 12

dehydration
poor oral hygiene
smoking

Question 13

characteristics of leucoplakia

Answer 13

irregular white patches in the mouth
slightly raised
tongue or buccal mucosa

Question 14

risk of Leucoplakia

Answer 14

development into squamous cell carcinoma

Question 15

management of leucoplakia

Answer 15

biopsy
smoking cessation
reduce alcohol intake
laser removal / surgical excision

Question 16

Erythroplakia characteristics

Answer 16

red lesions on tongue or buccal mucosa

Question 17

management of Erythroplakia

Answer 17

urgent referral to exclude cancer

Question 18

lichen planus is an … condition

Answer 18

autoimmune

Question 19

describe lesions seen in lichen planus

Answer 19

shiny, purplish, flat-topped raised areas with white lines across the surface

Question 20

Lichen planus usually occurs in

Answer 20

women
over 45s

Question 21

A reticular pattern of lichen planus that involves a net-like web of white lines is called

Answer 21

Wickham’s striae

Question 22

Management of lichen planus

Answer 22

good oral hygiene
smoking cessation
topical steroids

Question 23

what is Acute necrotising ulcerative gingivitis

Answer 23

rapid onset severe inflammation of gums

Question 24

how can Acute necrotising ulcerative gingivitis be differentiated from gingivitis

Answer 24

it is painful

Question 25

what causes Acute necrotising ulcerative gingivitis

Answer 25

anaerobic bacteria

Question 26

risk factors for gingivitis

Answer 26

plaque
smoking
diabetes
malnutrition
stress

Question 27

causes of gingival hyperplasia

Answer 27

gingivitis
pregnancy
vitamin C deficiency
acute myeloid leukaemia
medications

Question 28

what medications can cause gingival hyperplasia

Answer 28

calcium channel blockers
phenytoin
ciclosporin