Tongue Anatomy And Nerve Topography Flashcards
Transverse
Hypoglossal nerve
The Rainine vein
They alter the tongues position
**What are the 3 functions of the tongue
Swallowing (deglutition) tasting (gustation), speaking (phonation)
**What are the two type (categories) of tongue muscles
Intrinsic and extrinsic
**Intrinsic muscles ________ have attachments outside of the tongue, extrinsic muscles _________ have attachments outside the tongue
Don’t, do
**The 4 intrinsic muscles _____________ of the tongue and the 4 extrinsic ________ the tongue
Change shape of, move
Inferior longitudinal, superior longitudinal, transverse, and vertical are all __________ muscles
Intrinsic
Palatoglossus, hypoglossus, styloglossus, genioglossus are all ___________ muscles
Extrinsic
**What muscle is this and what is its function?
Superior longitudinal, shorten tongue
**What is this muscle and what is its action?
Inferior longitudinal, shortens tongue
**What is this muscle and what is its action?
Transverse, narrows and elongates tongue
**What is this muscle and what is its action?
Palatoglossus, elevates root of tongue
**What is this muscle and what is its action?
Styloglossus, draws the tongue upwards and backwards
**What is this muscle and what is its action?
Hypoglossus, depresses tongue
What is this muscle and what is its action?
Genioglossus, protruded tongue
The genioglossus can be separated into two separate fiber groups (GGo, GGh). What are they called?
Horizontal and oblique
GGh fibers _______ the tongue and GGo fibers _________ the tongue
Protrude, depress
The hypoglossal nerve CN XII carries only motor info and innervates almost all of the muscles of the tongue except…..
The Palatoglossus (innervated by the vagus nerve)
Which branch of the HGN is the genio located
The medial branch (m-XII): intervene GG, TV, IL
The HGN _______ branches are the inclusionary branches
Medial
The HGN _______ branches are the exclusionary branches
Lateral
**What are the 6 layers you go through to get to the HGN IN ORDER
Skin, platysma, digastric (if visible), mylohyoid, genohyoid, genoiglossas
** what is this muscle layer, think/thin?, fiber direction?
The platysma, thin large, vertical fibers
** what is this muscle layer, think/thin?, fiber direction?
Digastric: two bellies, sometimes visible sometimes not, verticals fibers, carful not to cut (retract)
** what is this muscle layer, fiber direction, attachment?
Mylohyoid, horizontal/oblique fibers, attached at hyoid, make vertical dissection starting at mandible
** what is this muscle layer, think/thin?, fiber direction, attachment?
Geniohyoid, thick and robust, Vertical fibers, attached at hyoid bone
** what is this muscle layer, think/thin?, fiber direction, what does it have that also serves as a landmark, attachment point?
Genioglossus, thin, vertical fibers, fatty raphe pale in color, attached at mandible,
**what are the 4 intrinsic muscles
Inferior longitudinal, superior longitudinal, transverse, vertical
**what are the four extrinsic muscles
Palatoglossus, hypoglossus, styloglossus, Genioglossus
**the four extrinsic muscles _____ the tongue
Move
**the four intrinsic muscles ____________ the tongue
Change the shape of
**The superior longitudinal muscle is an _______ muscle. Acting alone it makes the tongue ________, and acting with the inferior longitudinal, it________ the tongue
Intrinsic, concave, shortens
**The inferior longitudinal muscle is an _______ muscle. Acting alone it makes the tongue ________, and acting with the superior longitudinal, it________ the tongue
Intrinsic, convex, shortens
**the transverse muscle is an ________ muscle. It ____________ and ________ the tongue
Intrinsic, narrows, elongates. Activating this muscle will help treat OSA
**the vertical muscle is an ________ muscle that ______ and _______ the tongue
Intrinsic, flattens, widens
**what structure serves as the landmark for identifying the hypoglossal nerve?
The Reinen Vein
