TOK radiation protection

Question 1

A radiation exposure incident must be reported to the Health and Safety Executive when

Answer 1

An employer suspects or has been informed that an overexposure has occurred. An employer suspects or has been informed that a person, while undergoing a medical exposure, was exposed to ionising radiation to a much greater extent than intended, as the result of a malfunction or defect in radiation equipment.

Question 2

Radiological local rules should recommend which of the

following

Answer 2

Give contact details of the RPA Name the RPA Identify and describe the controlled area following consultation with the RPA

Question 3

Except in special cases, under IRR 2017, the maximum

annual effective dose for employees aged 18 years or over

is:

Answer 3

20mSv

Question 4

Under which of the following circumstances are Personal

Dosimeters a requirement in practice?

Answer 4

If the operator takes more than 50 panoral films per week If the operator takes more than 100 intra oral films per week

Question 5

Which of the following statements is correct?

Answer 5

With guidance from the radiation protection advisor, it is permissible for family members to support patients with additional needs when taking radiographs

Question 6

When exposing a radiograph the minimum recommended

distance for the operator from the source of ionising

radiation is:

Answer 6

1.5m

Question 7

For Dental Radiography the Medical Physics Expert (MPE)

must have a BDS (Dental) qualification. True or False?

Answer 7

False

Question 8

The local rules for each x-ray machine should include the

contact details of all the responsible people

Answer 8

Employer, Radiation protection supervisor, Radiation protection adviser

Question 9

Radiation dose to the patient can be reduced by which of

the following methods?:

Answer 9

Digital radiography Quality assured processing Increasing film speed Rectangular collimation

Question 10

It is recommended that the quality ratings of radiographs

are regularly analysed to determine the percentage of the

total images produced that are categorized as A or N. The

target percentages of images rated as diagnostically

acceptable for digital images is

Answer 10

Not less than 95%

Question 11

According to IRMER regulations, the practice owner is

responsible for?:

Answer 11

Notifying Health and Safety Executive of the use of X-Ray equipment Organising Staff Training Appointing a radiation protection supervisor (RPS) Written procedures for patient protection

Question 12

Which of the following are classified as ‘Operators’ under

IRMER 2017 Regulations?

Answer 12

A dentist who pushes the button on the x-ray machine A trainee Dental Nurse who processes the radiographs

Question 13

As part of the justification process you should consider the

following before an exposure takes place.

Answer 13

The availability and findings of previous radiographs. The age of the individual. The total potential diagnostic benefit to the patient. The radiation risk associated with the radiographic examination.

Question 14

Which of the following health and safety check should you

do on a day to day basis on your x-ray machine?

Which of the following routine maintenance checks should

you carry out on a regular basis

Answer 14

Audible alarms. The counterbalance for maintaining the position of the x-ray tube. Warning lights.

Question 15

The annual effective dose limit in IRR 2017 for any employee aged 18 years or over is:

Answer 15

20mSv per annum.

Question 16

The ‘Controlled Area’ is normally defined as…

Answer 16

In the primary beam of the x-ray tube and within 1.5 meters of the x-ray tube and the patient The entire room where radiographs are taken, wherever possible

Question 16

If the exposure control fails, causing continuous

generation of x-rays should you:

Answer 16

Switch off the mains supply immediately Inform the RPS/Legal Person

Question 17

Routine testing and maintenance of the x-ray unit:

Answer 17

Should be carried out as part of your practice’s quality assurance programme and following any major maintenance. Should be recorded and contained in the Radiation Protection File.

Question 18

With regard to the Radiation Protection Advisor (RPA),

local rules should always recommend which of the

following?:

Answer 18

Identify and describe the controlled area following consultation with the RPA Give contact details of the RPA Name the RPA

Question 18

Which of the following statements are true? The radiation

protection adviser…

Answer 18

Is consulted to advise on compliance with the regulations and all aspects of radiation protection Is appointed in writing

Question 19

Under what circumstances should the Health and Safety

Executive be informed that a practice uses radiation

equipment?

Answer 19

A practice is initially set up A practice changes ownership A practice moves premises

Question 19

Which of the following must be included in the IR(ME)R

Written Procedures required by all dental practice

employers?

Answer 19

Training and education Justification and authorization Audit Diagnostic reference levels Clinical education/evaluation

Question 20

In relation to dental radiography, Which of the following

are true?:

Answer 20

The justification for taking a radiograph should always be recorded in the notes Audit should be used to maintain the quality of radiographs A quality assurance system should be used to monitor the processing of exposed radiographic films

Question 21

When an incident occurs due to a defect or malfunction of

X-ray equipment, which of the following are true?:

Answer 21

The local office of the Health and Safety Executive office should be informed The equipment manufacturer should be informed An investigation must be carried out in conjunction with the RPA

Question 22

Patient protection from ionising radiation is best achieved

by the use of?:

Answer 22

Rectangular collimation Only E/F speed films

Question 23

Reduced dose from ionising radiation can be achieved by the use of

Answer 23

Beam aiming devices
Digital radiography (2nd question

Question 24

IR(ME)R 2017 provide protection to whom?

Answer 24

Patients

Question 25

In defining the controlled area for radiation protection,

which of the following are true?

Answer 25

The controlled area only comes into being whilst x-rays are being generated No shielding is required for the operator if she/he can stand 2m from the tube head and out of the line of the primary beam. In the line of the primary beam, the controlled area extends until the beam is attenuated by distance or solid object.

Question 26

Ionising Radiation Regulations 2017 that came into force

1st January 2018

Answer 26

For existing practices, registration was compulsory by 5th Feburary 2018

Question 27

Which is the most appropriate way of checking whether

the film processing chemicals for radiographs need to be

changed?

Answer 27

By checking daily by processing a test object exposure and comparing it to your standard test object film

Question 28

When should a ‘critical examination and acceptance test’

of radiographic equipment be carried out?

Answer 28

When installing radiographic equipment When relocation radiographic equipment

Question 29

When is the use of a lead apron advised, for patient use,

when taking dental x-rays?

Answer 29

Not routinely required

Question 29

The x-ray arm in your surgery has started to move from

position after you have set up to take a radiograph and

you, or the patient need to steady the arm to allow the

radiograph to be taken. Should you:

Answer 29

Ask the practice manager to arrange the engineer to visit Mention to the practice principle and practice manager so that the repair is added to the next scheduled engineer visit Stop using the equipment and make alternative arrangements for your patients

Question 30

What is the minimum radiological workload before badge

monitoring is mandatory

Answer 30

Weekly workload exceeding 100 intra-orals or 50 panoramic