TOF/TENR Flashcards
What is the Tactical Options Framework (TOF)?
The TOF is a training and operational guidance that assists constables to decide when, how, and at what level to use a tactical option(s)
What are the 5 subject behaviours in the TOF?
- Cooperative
- Passive
- Active
- Assaultive
- GBH/Death
What is the Perceived Cumulative Assessment (PCA)?
Your subjective assessment, and continuous reassessment, of an incident using TOF/TENR based on information known about the situation and the subjects behavioural
Situation + subject behaviour = PCA
What is TENR?
The Police threat assessment methodology.
It is a decision making process that supports the timely and accurate assessment of information directly relevant to the safety of police and others. The response to any given situation must be considered timely, proportionate and appropriate
Or
A systematic threat assessment process designed to:
- Increase staff and public safety
- Eliminate ‘preventable harm’ and
- Reduce criticism of Police
What is the overriding principle of TENR?
Safety is success. Victim, public and employee safety are paramount. Every effort must be made to minimise harm and maximise safety
What are the elements of TENR?
T - Threat
E - Exposure
N - Necessity
R - Response
What is the threat element of TENR and what must you consider?
Means any individual/s, or group/s, or any act/s or anything/s likely to cause harm or that have potential to hinder police in the performance or their duties.
Consider: The threat is assessed
What does TICOE stand for?
Threat = Intent + Capability + Opportunity + Environment
What is the exposure element of TENR and what must you consider?
Means the potential of harm (physical or otherwise) to people, or the security or places or things. Exposure can be mitigated through assessment and planning.
Consider: Who/what is exposed to the threat? What is the potential for harm?
What is the necessity element of TENR and what must you consider?
Is the assessment to determine if there is a need for the operation or intervention to proceed now, later or not at all
Consider: The necessity to act now, later or not at all
What is complacency?
A sense of contentment, over-confidence or self-satisfaction, especially when coupled with a lack of awareness of danger, trouble or controversy
Why is complacency a problem in policing?
Complacency occurs when you fail to assess and reassess an evolving situation and subject behaviour. This can lead to preventable accidents and incidents
Describe cooperative behaviour under TOF
Cooperative and willing response to a police officer’s lawful request or direction
Describe passive resistance behaviour under TOF
The subject refuses, with little or no physical action, to cooperate with the officer’s lawful direction e.g. non-violent protestors
Describe active resistance behaviour under TOF
Increased scope and intensity of resistance beyond simple verbal defiance, e.g. pulling away, pushing away, or running away in an attempt to prevent control by police
Describe assaultive behaviour under TOF
Actively hostile behaviour accompanied by physical actions or an intent, expressed either verbally and/or through body language to cause physical harm. Examples include kicking, punching or aggressive body language signally an intent to assault
Describe GBH/Death behaviour under TOF
The subject exhibits actions that the officer believes are intended to, or likely to, cause grievous bodily harm or death to any person. Examples include assaults with a knife, blunt instrument or firearm, or other actions that may result in a grievous injury/death to an officer or member of the public
What are the 3 sub elements of Response in TENR?
Reasonable
Necessary (Timely)
Proportionate
What are the 4 sub elements of Threat in TENR?
Intent
Capability
Opportunity
Environment
Name 6 tactical options and degrees of force from - low to high
Officer presence and tactical communication
Mechanical restraints e.g. handcuffing
Empty hand techniques e.g. physical restraints and strikes
OC Spray
Baton, TASER, dogs - weapon(s) of opportunity
Firearms and other force with serious implications
What is the Police’s preferred option for resolving incidents?
Tactical communication. Use tactical communication throughout an incident, alone or in conjunction with any other option used
Describe “prepare” in relation to use of force
Prepare force means carriage of a tactical option
Describe “show” in relation to use of force
Show force means presenting a tactical option at a subject
Describe “use” in relation to use of force
Use force means the application of force on a subject
What in regards to use of force do you have to report?
The use of force chapter of the Police Manual outlines which “shows” and “uses” of force you are required to report.
What is the report to record use of force?
Tactical Options Report (TOR)
