TOEFL Flashcards
What is a noun?
A noun is a word used to identify a person, place, thing, or idea.
Example sentence: The boy (noun) ran quickly.
What is a verb?
A verb is a word that describes an action, state, or occurrence.
Example sentence: She (pronoun) sings (verb) beautifully.
What is an adjective?
An adjective is a word that describes or modifies a noun.
Example sentence: The big (adjective) house (noun) is beautiful.
What is an adverb?
An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb, indicating how, when, where, or to what extent an action occurs.
Example sentence: He (pronoun) runs (verb) very (adverb) fast.
What is a preposition?
A preposition is a word that shows the relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and another word in the sentence.
Example sentence: The book is on (preposition) the table.
What is a pronoun?
A pronoun is a word that replaces a noun to avoid repetition.
Example sentence: John (noun) is tired. He (pronoun) needs some rest.
What is a conjunction?
A conjunction is a word that connects words, phrases, clauses, or sentences.
Example sentence: I will go to the store (clause) and (conjunction) buy some groceries.
What is an interjection?
An interjection is a short word or phrase that expresses a sudden emotion or reaction.
Example sentence: Wow (interjection), that’s amazing!
What is a noun?
A noun is a word used to identify a person, place, thing, or idea.
What are the two main types of nouns?
The two main types of nouns are common nouns and proper nouns.
What is a common noun?
A common noun is a general name for a person, place, thing, or idea (e.g., city, dog, happiness).
What is a proper noun?
A proper noun is a specific name for a particular person, place, thing, or idea and is always capitalized (e.g., New York, Rover, Christianity).
What is a concrete noun?
A concrete noun is a noun that can be identified through one of the five senses (e.g., apple, dog, music).
What is an abstract noun?
An abstract noun is a noun that cannot be perceived through the five senses and represents an idea, quality, or state (e.g., freedom, love, happiness).
What is a collective noun?
A collective noun is a word that refers to a group of individuals or things as a single entity (e.g., team, family, flock).
What is a countable noun?
A countable noun is a noun that can be counted (e.g., book/books, car/cars).
What is an uncountable noun?
An uncountable noun is a noun that cannot be counted and usually does not have a plural form (e.g., water, information, rice).
Give examples of common and proper nouns.
Common nouns: teacher, city, car. Proper nouns: Mr. Smith, Paris, Toyota.
Example sentence: The teacher (common noun) lives in Paris (proper noun).
Give examples of concrete and abstract nouns.
Concrete nouns: cat, apple, house. Abstract nouns: beauty, intelligence, bravery.
Example sentence: The cat (concrete noun) showed bravery (abstract noun) by climbing the tree.
Give examples of collective nouns.
Collective nouns: jury, committee, team.
Example sentence: The jury (collective noun) reached a decision.
Give examples of countable and uncountable nouns.
Countable nouns: cat/cats, apple/apples, house/houses. Uncountable nouns: milk, sugar, furniture.
Example sentence: She bought two books (countable noun) and a lot of milk (uncountable noun).
What is a verb?
A verb is a word that describes an action, state, or occurrence.
Example: She runs every morning.
What are the main types of verbs?
The main types of verbs are action verbs, linking verbs, and auxiliary (helping) verbs.
Example: He is reading a book.
What is an action verb?
An action verb expresses a physical or mental action (e.g., run, think, write).
Example: The cat sleeps peacefully.
What is a linking verb?
A linking verb connects the subject of a sentence to a subject complement, such as an adjective or noun that describes or identifies the subject (e.g., is, seem, become).
Example: She looks happy.
What is an auxiliary verb?
An auxiliary verb (helping verb) is used with a main verb to form different tenses, moods, or voices (e.g., have, be, do).
Example: They have finished their work.
What is a transitive verb?
A transitive verb is a verb that requires one or more objects to complete its meaning (e.g., She reads the book).
Example: He wrote a letter.
What is an intransitive verb?
An intransitive verb does not require an object to complete its meaning (e.g., He sleeps).
Example: The baby cries loudly.
What is a regular verb?
A regular verb forms its past tense and past participle by adding -ed or -d to the base form (e.g., walk, walked, walked).
Example: She played soccer yesterday.
What is an irregular verb?
An irregular verb forms its past tense and past participle in unpredictable ways (e.g., go, went, gone).
Example: They sang beautifully.
What is a phrasal verb?
A phrasal verb is a verb combined with one or more particles (prepositions or adverbs) that create a meaning different from the original verb (e.g., look up, give in).
Example: She put on her coat.
Give examples of action verbs.
Action verbs: run, jump, eat.
Example: The dog barks loudly.
Give examples of linking verbs.
Linking verbs: is, seem, become.
Example: The flowers smell sweet.
What is an adjective?
An adjective is a word that describes or modifies a noun.
Example sentence: The beautiful flowers bloomed in the garden.
What are the different types of adjectives?
The different types of adjectives include descriptive adjectives, quantitative adjectives, demonstrative adjectives, possessive adjectives, interrogative adjectives, and proper adjectives.
Example sentence: She wore a red dress and carried a heavy bag.
What is a descriptive adjective?
A descriptive adjective describes the qualities or states of being of a noun (e.g., happy, large, blue).
Example sentence: The small puppy played joyfully in the park.
What is a quantitative adjective?
A quantitative adjective indicates the quantity of a noun (e.g., some, many, few).
Example sentence: Several students attended the lecture.
What is a demonstrative adjective?
A demonstrative adjective points out specific nouns (e.g., this, that, these, those).
Example sentence: This book is interesting.
What is a possessive adjective?
A possessive adjective shows ownership or possession (e.g., my, your, his, her).
Example sentence: Their house is beautiful.
What is an interrogative adjective?
An interrogative adjective is used to ask questions about nouns (e.g., which, what, whose).
Example sentence: Whose bag is this?
What is a proper adjective?
A proper adjective is derived from a proper noun and is always capitalized (e.g., American, Shakespearean).
Example sentence: The Italian restaurant served delicious food.
What is a compound adjective?
A compound adjective is made up of two or more words combined to act as a single adjective (e.g., well-known, part-time).
Example sentence: She bought a brand-new car.
Give examples of descriptive adjectives.
Descriptive adjectives: tall, smart, red.
Example sentence: The tall building stood out in the city skyline.
Give examples of quantitative adjectives.
Quantitative adjectives: three, several, all.
Example sentence: All students must complete the assignment.
Give examples of demonstrative adjectives.
Demonstrative adjectives: this book, those cars.
Example sentence: Those shoes are too small.
Give examples of possessive adjectives.
Possessive adjectives: my book, her house, their dog.
Example sentence: His car is parked outside.
Give examples of interrogative adjectives.
Interrogative adjectives: which color, what size, whose book.
Example sentence: Which dress should I wear?
Give examples of proper adjectives.
Proper adjectives: Italian cuisine, Victorian architecture.
Example sentence: The Victorian mansion was beautifully restored.
Give examples of compound adjectives.
Compound adjectives: a well-known author, a part-time job.
Example sentence: She attended a part-time course.
What is the order of adjectives when multiple adjectives describe a noun?
The order of adjectives is: quantity, quality/opinion, size, age, shape, color, proper adjective (origin), material, and purpose (e.g., “a beautiful old Italian marble statue”).
Example sentence: She wore a beautiful long silk dress.
