TOB CL3 Connective Tissues Flashcards
State the three class of the connective tissues and the types in each class
Embryonic - mesenchymal, mucous
Proper - loose, dense irregular, dense regular
with special properties - elastic tissue, adipose tissue, reticular tissue, hematopoietic tissue, cartilage, bone
Mesenchymal CT
Function, location (2)
embryonic precursor
throughout vertebrate embryo
- neural crest - head & neck
- mesoderm - rest of the body
Mucous CT
Function
support & protect structures from pressure
Loose CT
Function, location
elasticity, flexibility, support under pressure & low friction
beneath epithelial layer
Dense irregular CT
Features, function, location
fibroblast + thick collagen fibres, irregular orientation (thickness & length)
provide strength, resistant to stress
periosteum of bone, joint capsules, dermis
Dense regular CT
Features, function, location
fibroblast + parallel collagen fibres
strong attachment
tendon, ligament
Reticular CT
Features, function, location
network of reticular fibres + reticular cells
support and form stroma of organs
stroma of liver, spleen and lymph nodes
Elastic CT
Features, function, location
parallel & free branching of collagen fibres
allow stretching
blood vessels, lung tissue, trachea
Adipose CT
Function, location
thermal insulator, energy reserves, shock absorber
hypodermis, yellow bone marrow
Unilocular
- throughout the body except penis, scrotum, auricle of ears, eyelids
Multilocular
- rich in vascular & mito
Cartilage
Features (4), functions (3), types
Avascular tissue with no lymphatic and nerve , does not repair when damage, dense CT, chondroblast - precursor , chondrocytes - in lacunae
development of bone, facilitate the movement of bone, bear mechanical stress
Hyaline, elastic, fibro
Hyaline cartilage
type of collagen involved, features, functions, locations
type II
amorphous, growth in long bones
articulate the surface of synovial joint, structural support
articular cartilage, nose, resp. airway
Elastic cartilage
type of collagen involved, features, locations
type II, elastic fibres, auricle of ears, auditory meatus, auditory canal, epiglottis
Fibrocartilage
type of collagen involved, features, functions, locations
type I & II
herringbone pattern, disc between the joints
shock absorber, articulates the surface of clavicle & mandible
vertebrae, knee joint
type of cells in CT
Fixed
- mesenchymal
- fibroblasts
- adipocytes
Wandering
- plasma cells
- mast cells
Mesenchymal cells
functions, shape, e.g.
precursor
irregular, stellar or fusiform-shaped
osteoblasts, chondroblast, adipocytes, fibroblast
Fibroblast cells
functions, shape
synthesis, secrete collagen fibres and elastin, maintain ECM
numerous, fusiform shaped
Adipocytes
functions, shape
store fats, heat
unilocular (yellow)
- signet ring cells
- single fat droplet
- scant cytoplasm
multilocular (brown)
- many fats droplet & mitochondria
Plasma cells
functions, shape
derived from B lymphocytes, synthesis antibiotics
ovoid, clock-face cells
Mast Cells
functions
Cells filled with basophilic secretory granules
store chemical mediators ( histamines - itchiness, heparin - redness)
immediate hypersensitivity response
anaphylactic shock
allergic - degranulation of mast cells - release histamines, heparin - vasodilation - increase vascular permeability - smooth muscle contraction
Types of fibres
collagen, reticular, elastic
Collagen fibres
functions, features
serve as anchor
thick, tough, no branching, synth by osteoblasts, chrondoblast, odontoblast, fibroblast
procollagen - topocollagen - fibrils - fibres
Ehler-Danlors Syndrome
due to collagen type III
-type IV - mutation of type III collagen
-type VI - abnormal lysyl hydroxylase
-type VII - deficiency of procollagen peptidase
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
due to mutation collagen type I
bone malformation & fragility
scurvy
deficiency of Vitamin C - less hydroxylation
Reticular fibres
features, function
silver-staining, thin branching of collagen fibres type III
support network of organs
Elastic fibres
features, function, location
extensive branching, flexible, elastic
deposition of elastin into fibrillin scaffold
artery wall, bronchi, bronchioles etc.
Marfan’s Syndrome
mutation in fibrillin gene
eyes - dislocated lenses
bone - long arm, leg, fingers
heart - aortic aneurysm
Ground substance
features, functions , types
hydrophilic, viscous complex of macromolecules, colourless
- allow passage of molecules & exchange of metabolites
- barrier for pathogens
Glycosaminoglycan (GAG)
proteoglycans
glycoprotein
Glycosaminoglycan (GAG)
consists of ?
unbranched repeating disaccharides ( uronic acid + hexosamines)
bind to protein core - proteoglycan
Proteoglycan
functions
structural components , anchor to matrix
Glycoprotein
components
function
protein + branched carbohydrate
cell adhesions
