TOB Flashcards
Elastic Von Gieson
Collagen pink
Elastic blue
Muscle yellow
PAS
Carbs and glycoproteins magenta
Lamina propria
Loose CT, blood and lymph vessels, cells of immunity
Layers of the stomachs
Columnar, gastric mucosa, mm, sub mucosa, rugae
Folds in Jejunum
Pilicae circulates
Folds I n large intestine
Peyers patches
Serous a around abdominal, lungs and heart
Peritoneum, pleural, pericardial
Inside and outside of serous names
Visceral outside
Parietal inside
Gram staining
Crystal violet complex added, binds to negative
Iodine turns complex blue
Methanol extracts complex if thin peptidoglycan wall
Add red dye
Gram positive
Streptococcus
Clostridium
Gram negative
Everything but 2 positives, legionella, chlamydia
Mycobacteria stains. And example
Acid fast stain. Using ZN
Tuberculosis and leprosy
Collagen TI and TII
Tendon/dermis
Hyaline, elastic
Marian’s
Undeveloped elastic fibres as defect for fibrillin
Lax joints, fragile vascular walls, v tall, heart defects, stretchy skin
Ehlers Danlos Disease
Abnormality of reticular fibres
Stretchy skin, bursting vessels, fragile joints, fragile gums
Lining of T in skeletal
In line with A I band
Red and white muscle
Red is slow
White is powerful
Surrounding muscle
Epimysium
Perimysium
Endomysium
Structure of actin, Troponin and tropomyosin
Troponin on tropomyosin on actin
Cartilage
A vascular tissue from mesenchyme,
High GAG to collagen ratio
Hyaline cartilage
TII , perichondrium
Elastic cartilage
TII, elastic fibres, perichondrium, elastic lamellae,
Ear epiglottis and adipose
Fibrocartilage
TI ,fibroblasts, TII , no perichondrium, intervertebral discs and menisci joints
Trabeculae
Layers of interstitial lamellae
Spongy bone
Mesh work of trabeculae surrounded by marrow
Fracture repair
Hematoma to pro callus
Forms collagen and hyaline, forms fibrocartilaginous callus
New bone trabeculae
Ossification
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Mutation of TI collagen,
Sexhormone
Excess: premature fusion of epiphysis
Too little: v tall
Achondroplasia
Mutation of fibroblast growth receptor
Less endochondrial ossification,
Short limbs
Grey and white matter of CNS
Grey central unmyelinated
White peripheral myelinated
Excitatory neurotransmitters
Glutamate, Aspartate
Inhibitory neurotransmitters
Glycine and GABA
Sympathetic nervousness system
Thoraco lumbar output,
Post ganglionic noradrenergic receptors
Pre is cholinergic
EXCEPT POST FOR PERSPIRATION AND EJACULATION: cholinergic
Parasympathetic system
Carnio sacral outflow
Pre is. Cholinergic
Post is cholinergic
Glial cells
Astrocytes. - blood brain barrier
Micro glia - immune and inflammatory response
Satellite - support of peripheral
4 features of a perikaryon
Nucleolus, nucleus, nissi substance ( ER ), dendrites
Cells after blood cell proliferation
Myeloid blast
Lymphoblast
Reticular fibre function
Synthesise reticular fibres and cytoplasm around them
Direct t and B lymphocytes to lymphatic tissue
Types of leucocytes and their nucleus
Neutrophils: multilobed Eosinophils: bi lobed Basophils: tri lobed Monocytes: kidney shaped, these turn into macrophages Lymphocytes: massive
Innate humeral
Transferrin deprives microorganism of iron Lysozyme Fibronectin increases phagocytosis Interferons decrease viral replication Complement helps Phagasomes
Innate cellular
Macrophages and monocytes present antigens to lymphocytes and undergo phagocytosis
Leucocytes
Mast cells
Adaptive humeral
Cytokines increase proliferation of lymphocytes
Performing destroys cell walls
Antibodies neutralise toxins and bacteria
Adaptive cellular
T helper
T memory
T killer releases perforin
B cells
Growth of bones at the epiphyseal growth plates
Cells divide and matrix secreted
Matrix compressed into linear bands and cells enlarge
The matrix becomes calcified
Calcified matrix becomes in contact with marrow
Blood vessels and connective tissue invade
Calcified cartilage as spicules which bone is laid down on
