To memorise Flashcards
Gluconeogensis: Overcome steps 1+3
Glucose 6 phosphatase and fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase
Regulatory enzymes in gluconeogenisis
PEPCK, and Fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase
Gluconeogenisis from pyruvate: Overcome step 10
Pyruvate carboxylase and PEPCK. Uses ATP and GTP
Fatty acid synthesis regulator and control
Acetyl coA carboxylase
Activated by citrate, inhibited by AMP allosterically
Covalent modification with insulin dephosphorylating.
Transamination
Aminotransferases- specific to each aa
Deamination
L and D amino acid oxidases
Glutaminase
Glutamine to glutamate and NH3
Glutamate dehydrogenase+NAD+
a ketoglutarate, NADH, NH4+
Phenylketonuria defect
Phenylalanine hydroxylase
Phenylalanine -/-> tyrosine
Homocystinuria defect
CBS enzyme
Homocysteine -/-> cystathionine
Glutamate dehydrogenase
Ammonia+ a ketoglutarate –>a ketoglutarate
Glutamine synthase
Glutamate and ammonia
Glutaminase
Splits glutamine to glutamate and ammonia in the liver and kidney for urea synthesis.
Hydrolysis dietary triacylglycerols
Pancreatic lipase
Releases fatty acids from triacylglycerols in chylomicrons.
Lipoprotein lipase
In lipoproteins convert surface lipids to core lipid to stabilise the structure.
LCAT
Reacts superoxide species together to form oxygen and hydrogen peroxide.
Superoxide demutass
Breaks down hydrogen peroxide into hydrogen and oxygen
Catalase
Membrane bound enzyme involved in producing an oxidative burst in neutrophils and monocytes
NADPH oxidase
How does NADPH work?
Produces superoxide radicals though the transfer of electrons from NADPH.
Which drug is used to treat alcohol dependence and why
Disulphiram, inhibits aceytlaldehyde dehydrogenase
Found in liver function tests in liver damage, often due to alcohol abuse.
Transaminase and gamma gluyamyl transpeptidase
Paracetamol overdose treatment
N-acetyl cysteine, strong antioxidant
Where is the body’s biological clock located
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
Used as a ACTH analogue for Addisons tests
Synthacen
Used as an ACTH suppressant for Cushings test
Dexamethosone
Carbizamole
Treats Graves Disease, inhibits the incorporation of iodine into thyroglobulin by inhibiting thyroid peroxidase .
Bones found in tendons
Sesamoid, they have no periosteum
Responsible for the inappropriate reduction of galactose to galactitol
Aldose reductase
