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TMC Pathophysiology > TMC Pathophysiology > Flashcards

TMC Pathophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

Cystic Fibrosis Pulmonary Function Test

A

Decreased flow rates (FEV1, FEF 25-75%, and FEF200-1200)

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2
Q

Infiltrates in the shape of butterfly

A

Pulmonary edema

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3
Q

concave superior interface/Border

A

Pleural effusion

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4
Q

Cystic Fibrosis drug therapy

A

AEROSOL THERAPY-
Bronchodilator
Mucolytics (Dornase Alpha- Pulmozyme)
Corticosteroids (Advair, Flovent, Pulmicort)

INHALED ANTIBIOTICS
Tobramycin (TOBI)
Colistin
Amikacin

DIGESTIVE ENZYMES

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5
Q

Honeycomb pattern

A

ARDS/IRDS

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6
Q

Platelike infiltrates

A

Atelectasis

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7
Q

Fluid level on affected side

A

Pleural effusion

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8
Q

How do you treat Tuberculosis?

A

Antitubercular agents

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9
Q

Butterfly pattern

A

Pulmonary Edema

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10
Q

Cystic Fibrosis ABG

A

Mild to moderate stages: Acute Alveolar hyperventilation w hypoxemia
Severe stage: Chronic ventilatory failure with hypoxemia

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11
Q

COPD ABG

A

Compensated respiratory acidosis w/ hypoxemia and hypercapnea

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12
Q

Hyperlucency, hyperinflation, increased A-P diameter, flattened diaphragm

A

COPD

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13
Q

Diminished, crackles, wheezing
Hyperresonant or tympanic note
Meconium ileus as newborn
Recurrent respiratory infections
Failure to thrive

A

Cystic Fibrosis

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14
Q

Crowded pulmonary vessels

A

Atelectasis

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15
Q

Increased density from consolidation and atelectasis

A

Pneumonia

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16
Q

Tachypnea
Dyspnea on exertion
Pursed lip breathing
Use of accessory muscles of inspiration and expiration
Cough productive of large amount of thick purple tissue secretions

A

Cystic Fibrosis

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17
Q

Air bronchograms

A

Pneumonia

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18
Q

Blunting/obliteration of costrophrenic angle

A

Pleural effusion

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19
Q

COPD General Appearance

A

Barrel chest (increased A-P diameter)
Clubbing
Cyanosis

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20
Q

Chronic ventilatory failure
Chronic hypercapnea
Increased lung compliance
Loss of elastic recoil
Chronic CO2 retention

A

COPD

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21
Q

Crowded air bronchograms

A

Atelectasis

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22
Q

Translucent lung fields, depressed or flattened diaphragm
Right ventricular enlargement
Areas of atelectasis and fibrosis

A

Cystic Fibrosis

23
Q

Basilar infiltrates w/ meniscus

A

Pleural effusion

24
Q

How do you treat ARDS/IRDS?

A

Oxygen
Low VT or PIP
CPAP
PEEP

25
Q

Elevated Hb and Hct concentration

A

Cystic Fibrosis

26
Q

Barrel chest
Clubbing
Small for age
Malnutrition
Poor body development
Peripheral edema

A

Cystic Fibrosis

27
Q

Course crackles over both lung fields

A

Secretions

28
Q

Cystic Fibrosis
Treatment

A

Airway Clearance (Chest percussion and postural drainage, exercise, PEP therapy, High freq. chest wall compression devices, forced expiration techniques - active cycle of breathing, auto genie drainage, huff coughing)

Oxygen therapy as needed

29
Q

Patchy infiltrates

A

Atelectasis

30
Q

How is atelectasis treated?

A

Lung Expansion Therapy
SMI/IS
IPPB
CPAP
PEEP

31
Q

Anxious, diaphoretic, cyanotic
Cool or clammy skin
SOB and Tachypnea
Wheezing, crackles, pleural friction rub
Hypoxemia

A

Pulmonary Embolus

32
Q

Cavity formation

A

Tuberculosis

33
Q

How do you treat pneumonia

A

Antibiotics

34
Q

Diffused whiteness

A

Pulmonary edema

35
Q

Diffuse bilateral radiopacity

A

ARDS/IRDS

36
Q

Elevated PAP
Hemoptysis
Increased VD/VT

A

Pulmonary embolus

37
Q

Often in upper lobes

A

Tuberculosis

38
Q

Reticulargranular

A

ARDS/IRDS

39
Q

Peripheral wedge shaped infiltrates

A

Pulmonary Embolus

40
Q

How do you treat Pulmonary Edema?

A

Diuretics
Digitalis
Digoxin

41
Q

Cystic Fibrosis Special Tests

A

Newborn screening by immunoreactive trypsin level (IRT) required in all 50 states
Sweat Chloride test > 60 mEq/L
Genetic testing of CFTR mutation

42
Q

Reticulondular

A

ARDS/IRDS

43
Q

Possible mediastinal shift to unaffected side

A

Pleural effusion

44
Q

How do you treat Pulmonary Embolus?

A

Heparin
Streptokinase

45
Q

Ground glass appearance

A

ARDS/IRDS

46
Q

Fluffy infiltrates

A

Pulmonary edema

47
Q

Scattered densities

A

Atelectasis

48
Q

Thin layered densities

A

Atelectasis

49
Q

Batwing pattern

A

Pulmonary edema

50
Q

How do you treat Pleural effusion?

A

Thoracenthesis
Chest tube
Antibiotics
Steroids

51
Q

COPD chest percussion and cough

A

Tympanic or hyperresonant

Congested, productive of thick sputum

52
Q

COPD Treatment

A

Low flow oxygen (target SpO2 is 88-92%)
Aerosolized bronchodilators (SABA, LABA, anticholinergic, LAMA)
Bronchial hygiene as needed
Inhaled corticosteroids
Antibiotics if indicated by sputum culture

Consider NPPV for acute exacerbations of ventilatory failure

53
Q

COPD Respiratory pattern and breath sounds

A

Dyspnea
Accessory muscle use
Pursed lip breathing

Diminished aeration w/ bilateral expiratory wheeze

54
Q

COPD pulmonary function test

A

Decreased flows (FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEF25-75%)
(1-Ob-50)

TMC Pathophysiology (1 decks)

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