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TMC Pathophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

Cystic Fibrosis Pulmonary Function Test

A

Decreased flow rates (FEV1, FEF 25-75%, and FEF200-1200)

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2
Q

Infiltrates in the shape of butterfly

A

Pulmonary edema

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3
Q

concave superior interface/Border

A

Pleural effusion

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4
Q

Cystic Fibrosis drug therapy

A

AEROSOL THERAPY-
Bronchodilator
Mucolytics (Dornase Alpha- Pulmozyme)
Corticosteroids (Advair, Flovent, Pulmicort)

INHALED ANTIBIOTICS
Tobramycin (TOBI)
Colistin
Amikacin

DIGESTIVE ENZYMES

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5
Q

Honeycomb pattern

A

ARDS/IRDS

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6
Q

Platelike infiltrates

A

Atelectasis

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7
Q

Fluid level on affected side

A

Pleural effusion

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8
Q

How do you treat Tuberculosis?

A

Antitubercular agents

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9
Q

Butterfly pattern

A

Pulmonary Edema

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10
Q

Cystic Fibrosis ABG

A

Mild to moderate stages: Acute Alveolar hyperventilation w hypoxemia
Severe stage: Chronic ventilatory failure with hypoxemia

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11
Q

COPD ABG

A

Compensated respiratory acidosis w/ hypoxemia and hypercapnea

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12
Q

Hyperlucency, hyperinflation, increased A-P diameter, flattened diaphragm

A

COPD

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13
Q

Diminished, crackles, wheezing
Hyperresonant or tympanic note
Meconium ileus as newborn
Recurrent respiratory infections
Failure to thrive

A

Cystic Fibrosis

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14
Q

Crowded pulmonary vessels

A

Atelectasis

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15
Q

Increased density from consolidation and atelectasis

A

Pneumonia

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16
Q

Tachypnea
Dyspnea on exertion
Pursed lip breathing
Use of accessory muscles of inspiration and expiration
Cough productive of large amount of thick purple tissue secretions

A

Cystic Fibrosis

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17
Q

Air bronchograms

A

Pneumonia

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18
Q

Blunting/obliteration of costrophrenic angle

A

Pleural effusion

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19
Q

COPD General Appearance

A

Barrel chest (increased A-P diameter)
Clubbing
Cyanosis

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20
Q

Chronic ventilatory failure
Chronic hypercapnea
Increased lung compliance
Loss of elastic recoil
Chronic CO2 retention

A

COPD

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21
Q

Crowded air bronchograms

A

Atelectasis

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22
Q

Translucent lung fields, depressed or flattened diaphragm
Right ventricular enlargement
Areas of atelectasis and fibrosis

A

Cystic Fibrosis

23
Q

Basilar infiltrates w/ meniscus

A

Pleural effusion

24
Q

How do you treat ARDS/IRDS?

A

Oxygen
Low VT or PIP
CPAP
PEEP

25
Elevated Hb and Hct concentration
Cystic Fibrosis
26
Barrel chest Clubbing Small for age Malnutrition Poor body development Peripheral edema
Cystic Fibrosis
27
Course crackles over both lung fields
Secretions
28
Cystic Fibrosis Treatment
Airway Clearance (Chest percussion and postural drainage, exercise, PEP therapy, High freq. chest wall compression devices, forced expiration techniques - active cycle of breathing, auto genie drainage, huff coughing) Oxygen therapy as needed
29
Patchy infiltrates
Atelectasis
30
How is atelectasis treated?
Lung Expansion Therapy SMI/IS IPPB CPAP PEEP
31
Anxious, diaphoretic, cyanotic Cool or clammy skin SOB and Tachypnea Wheezing, crackles, pleural friction rub Hypoxemia
Pulmonary Embolus
32
Cavity formation
Tuberculosis
33
How do you treat pneumonia
Antibiotics
34
Diffused whiteness
Pulmonary edema
35
Diffuse bilateral radiopacity
ARDS/IRDS
36
Elevated PAP Hemoptysis Increased VD/VT
Pulmonary embolus
37
Often in upper lobes
Tuberculosis
38
Reticulargranular
ARDS/IRDS
39
Peripheral wedge shaped infiltrates
Pulmonary Embolus
40
How do you treat Pulmonary Edema?
Diuretics Digitalis Digoxin
41
Cystic Fibrosis Special Tests
Newborn screening by immunoreactive trypsin level (IRT) required in all 50 states Sweat Chloride test > 60 mEq/L Genetic testing of CFTR mutation
42
Reticulondular
ARDS/IRDS
43
Possible mediastinal shift to unaffected side
Pleural effusion
44
How do you treat Pulmonary Embolus?
Heparin Streptokinase
45
Ground glass appearance
ARDS/IRDS
46
Fluffy infiltrates
Pulmonary edema
47
Scattered densities
Atelectasis
48
Thin layered densities
Atelectasis
49
Batwing pattern
Pulmonary edema
50
How do you treat Pleural effusion?
Thoracenthesis Chest tube Antibiotics Steroids
51
COPD chest percussion and cough
Tympanic or hyperresonant Congested, productive of thick sputum
52
COPD Treatment
Low flow oxygen (target SpO2 is 88-92%) Aerosolized bronchodilators (SABA, LABA, anticholinergic, LAMA) Bronchial hygiene as needed Inhaled corticosteroids Antibiotics if indicated by sputum culture Consider NPPV for acute exacerbations of ventilatory failure
53
COPD Respiratory pattern and breath sounds
Dyspnea Accessory muscle use Pursed lip breathing Diminished aeration w/ bilateral expiratory wheeze
54
COPD pulmonary function test
Decreased flows (FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEF25-75%) (1-Ob-50)

TMC Pathophysiology (1 decks)

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