Title 1_crimes against national security and the law of nations

Question 1

What is treason?

What is the penalty?
[Article 114]

Answer 1

Any person who, owing allegiance to (the United States or) the Government of the Philippine Islands, not being a foreigner, levies war against them or adheres to their enemies, giving them aid or comfort within the Philippine Islands or elsewhere, shall be punished by reclusion perpetua to death and shall pay a fine not to exceed Four million pesos (P4, 000,000).

No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses at least to the same overt act or on confession of the accused in open court.

Likewise, an alien, residing in the Philippine Islands, who commits acts of treason as defined in paragraph 1 of this Article shall be punished reclusion temporal to death and shall pay a fine not to exceed Four million pesos (P4, 000,000).

Question 2

What is conspiracy and proposal to commit a treason?

What is the penalty?
[Article 115]

Answer 2

The conspiracy or proposal to commit the crime of treason shall be punished respectively, by prision mayor and a fine not exceeding Two million pesos (P2, 000, 000), and prision correccional and a fine not exceeding One million pesos (P1, 000, 000)

Question 3

What is misprision of treason?

What is the penalty?
[Article 116]

Answer 3

Every person owing allegiance to (the United States) the Government of the Philippine Islands, without being a foreigner, and having knowledge of any conspiracy against them, conceals or does not disclose and make known the same, as soon as possible to the governor or fiscal of the province, or the mayor or fiscal of the city in which he resides, as the case may be, shall be punished as an accessory to the crime of treason.

Question 4

What is espionage?

What is the penalty?
[Article 117]

Answer 4

The penalty of prision correccional shall be inflicted upon any person who:

1. Without authority therefor, enters a warship, fort, or naval or military establishment or reservation to obtain any information, plans, photographs, or other data of a confidential nature relative to the defense of the Philippine Archipelago; or
2. Being in possession, by reason of the public office he holds, of the articles, data, or information referred to in the preceding paragraph, discloses their contents to a representative of a foreign nation.chanrobles virtual law library

The penalty next higher in degree shall be imposed if the offender be a public officer or employee.

Question 5

What is “violation of neutrality” as defined by RPC?

What is the penalty?
[Article 119]

Answer 5

The penalty of prision correccional shall be inflicted upon anyone who, on the occasion of a war in which the Government is not involved, violates any regulation issued by competent authority for the purpose of enforcing neutrality.

Question 6

What is “correspondence with hostile country” as refer to the RPC?

What is the penalty?
[Article 120]

Answer 6

Any person who in time of war, shall have correspondence with an enemy country or territory occupied by enemy troops shall be punished:

1. By prision correccional, if the correspondence has been prohibited by the Government;
2. By prision mayor, if such correspondence be carried on in ciphers or conventional signs; and
3. By reclusion temporal, if notice or information be given thereby which might be useful to the enemy. If the offender intended to aid the enemy by giving such notice or information, he shall suffer the penalty of reclusion temporal to death.

Question 7

What does “flight to enemy country” means as provided by RPC?

What is the penalty?
[Article 121]

Answer 7

The penalty of arresto mayor shall be inflicted upon any person who, owing allegiance to the Government, attempts to flee or go to an enemy country when prohibited by competent authority.

Question 8

What is Piracy in general and mutiny on the high seas?

What is the penalty?
[Artcle 122]

Answer 8

The penalty of reclusion temporal shall be inflicted upon any person who, on the high seas, shall attack or seize a vessel or, not being a member of its complement nor a passenger, shall seize the whole or part of the cargo of said vessel, its equipment, or personal belongings of its complement or passengers.
The same penalty shall be inflicted in case of mutiny on the high seas.

Question 9

What is qualified piracy?

What is the penalty?
[Article 123]

Answer 9

The penalty of reclusion temporal to death shall be imposed upon those who commit any of the crimes referred to in the preceding article, under any of the following circumstances:

1. Whenever they have seized a vessel by boarding or firing upon the same;
2. Whenever the pirates have abandoned their victims without means of saving themselves; or
3. Whenever the crime is accompanied by murder, homicide, physical injuries or rape.